秸秆压块设备的设计研究
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摘要
本文简单介绍了生物质秸秆固化成型的一些理论研究以及发展秸秆压块饲料的意义,以秸秆(饲料)压块机的设计为主,确定了秸秆饲料压块机的整体设计方案。
对液压系统进行了详细的计算,确定了各液压部件的基本尺寸参数,按照设计构想对压块机工作主体部分即压缩室进行了设计,按照预期的生产率和工作情况确定了压缩室的基本参数,并按照确定的参数建立了压缩室及各个部件的三维实体模型,并对三维模型进行了装配。
使用Solidworks中的COSMOSworks插件对压缩室模型进行了有限元分析,按照实际载荷和约束对模型进行定义,分析在预期的载荷作用下模型的应力分布情况和变形情况,针对原有设计的不足,进行了相应的改进,并就改进方案同样进行静力分析和疲劳分析,确定改进方案的应力变形和疲劳破坏在可以允许的范围之内。
对压块机压缩室喂料口盖体开合机构进行了设计,提出了2套设计方案,原方案按照现有的一些设备的原理进行设计,采用液压油缸直接作用于盖体,驱动盖体的开启和闭合,确定了基本参数,对这些参数进行了校核,按照该方案建立了三维模型,并使用Solidworks的COSMOSmtion插件进行了机构仿真。
改进方案采用曲柄摇杆机构实现盖体的开启与闭合动作,利用曲柄摇杆机构的死点来确保盖体闭合后的稳定性;虽然同样是以液压油缸驱动整个机构,但液压油缸主要需克服的是系统部件的重力和摩擦力,物料膨胀对其的作用力很小,从而减小了液压油缸的尺寸要求,可以降低成本。
对改进方案进行了理论计算,确定其参数,并计算了四杆机构中的重要参数,如最小传动角、压力角等。对原方案和改进方案分别进行了机构仿真,以确保机构运转的可行性,制作了机构开合动作的仿真动画,并记录了机构中关键运动副的运动参数和参数曲线。对机构的运动进行了分析。
This article has made a brief outline to the theoretical investigation about biologic straw stalk solidify shaped. And introduce the meaning for developing briquetting straw fodder. I take an aim at the design of straw(feedstuff)briquetting machine, and determine the integrated design scheme for briquetting machine.
The hydraulic pressure system was counted in detail, and the basic parameter of it was determined. According to designing conceive, principal part was designed which was named compressing room. I determine parameter of the compressing room, and establish three-dimensional entity model for every part. The mechanism was assembled with part models.
The model of compress room was analyzed with the finite element software Cosmosworks which was a plug-in of Solidworks. According to practical situation, I defined constraints and loads for finite element analysis. Analyzed stress distribution and distortion of the model. Aim at the shortcomings, I improved the design. The improved model was analyzed with static analysis and fatigue analysis to make sure that the stress deformation and fatigue failure within the permit area.
I designed the mechanism for closing and unclosing in biomass briquetting machine in this article,two design schemes were contrived for the mechanism. The original Scheme based on the theory of existing equipment, which used hydraulic cylinder directly action to the covering for closing and unclosing. The basic parameters were determined for it. Base on the parameters I establish three-dimensional entitative model for the mechanism, and analyzed it with Cosmosmtion for computer simulation.
The improved scheme adopt crank and rocker mechanism for lock and unlock the covering, hydraulic cylinder powered for this mechanism. The covering will be more stable when the dead point appears. Hydraulic cylinder principal overcome the gravitation and friction. The acting force was little, so we can decrease the parameter of hydraulic cylinder for cost cutting.
I designed this crank and rocker mechanism with auxiliary circle, the parameters of the crank and rocker mechanism were counted,such as minimum transmission angle and pressure angle. I simulated the two schemes with computer simulation software, and output the result curves and cartoon.
对液压系统进行了详细的计算,确定了各液压部件的基本尺寸参数,按照设计构想对压块机工作主体部分即压缩室进行了设计,按照预期的生产率和工作情况确定了压缩室的基本参数,并按照确定的参数建立了压缩室及各个部件的三维实体模型,并对三维模型进行了装配。
使用Solidworks中的COSMOSworks插件对压缩室模型进行了有限元分析,按照实际载荷和约束对模型进行定义,分析在预期的载荷作用下模型的应力分布情况和变形情况,针对原有设计的不足,进行了相应的改进,并就改进方案同样进行静力分析和疲劳分析,确定改进方案的应力变形和疲劳破坏在可以允许的范围之内。
对压块机压缩室喂料口盖体开合机构进行了设计,提出了2套设计方案,原方案按照现有的一些设备的原理进行设计,采用液压油缸直接作用于盖体,驱动盖体的开启和闭合,确定了基本参数,对这些参数进行了校核,按照该方案建立了三维模型,并使用Solidworks的COSMOSmtion插件进行了机构仿真。
改进方案采用曲柄摇杆机构实现盖体的开启与闭合动作,利用曲柄摇杆机构的死点来确保盖体闭合后的稳定性;虽然同样是以液压油缸驱动整个机构,但液压油缸主要需克服的是系统部件的重力和摩擦力,物料膨胀对其的作用力很小,从而减小了液压油缸的尺寸要求,可以降低成本。
对改进方案进行了理论计算,确定其参数,并计算了四杆机构中的重要参数,如最小传动角、压力角等。对原方案和改进方案分别进行了机构仿真,以确保机构运转的可行性,制作了机构开合动作的仿真动画,并记录了机构中关键运动副的运动参数和参数曲线。对机构的运动进行了分析。
This article has made a brief outline to the theoretical investigation about biologic straw stalk solidify shaped. And introduce the meaning for developing briquetting straw fodder. I take an aim at the design of straw(feedstuff)briquetting machine, and determine the integrated design scheme for briquetting machine.
The hydraulic pressure system was counted in detail, and the basic parameter of it was determined. According to designing conceive, principal part was designed which was named compressing room. I determine parameter of the compressing room, and establish three-dimensional entity model for every part. The mechanism was assembled with part models.
The model of compress room was analyzed with the finite element software Cosmosworks which was a plug-in of Solidworks. According to practical situation, I defined constraints and loads for finite element analysis. Analyzed stress distribution and distortion of the model. Aim at the shortcomings, I improved the design. The improved model was analyzed with static analysis and fatigue analysis to make sure that the stress deformation and fatigue failure within the permit area.
I designed the mechanism for closing and unclosing in biomass briquetting machine in this article,two design schemes were contrived for the mechanism. The original Scheme based on the theory of existing equipment, which used hydraulic cylinder directly action to the covering for closing and unclosing. The basic parameters were determined for it. Base on the parameters I establish three-dimensional entitative model for the mechanism, and analyzed it with Cosmosmtion for computer simulation.
The improved scheme adopt crank and rocker mechanism for lock and unlock the covering, hydraulic cylinder powered for this mechanism. The covering will be more stable when the dead point appears. Hydraulic cylinder principal overcome the gravitation and friction. The acting force was little, so we can decrease the parameter of hydraulic cylinder for cost cutting.
I designed this crank and rocker mechanism with auxiliary circle, the parameters of the crank and rocker mechanism were counted,such as minimum transmission angle and pressure angle. I simulated the two schemes with computer simulation software, and output the result curves and cartoon.
引文
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[28]郭康权,赵东,等.植物秸秆模压成型流变特性的试验研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1995,(3):51-57.
[29]马孝琴.生物质(秸秆)成型燃料燃烧动力学特性及液压秸秆成型机改进设计研究[D].河南农业大学,2002
[30]翁伟.HPB-Ⅳ型液压式生物质(秸秆)成型机的设计及试验研究[D].河南农业大学,2006.
[31]王峰.饲草大截面草块压制的试验研究[D].中国农业大学,2006.
[32]盛奎川.秸秆切碎、压缩以及成型块燃烧特性的研究[D].沈阳农业大学,2002.
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[34]赵毅彬.玉米揉切压捆青贮机关键部件的设计[D].山东农业大学,2006.
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[41]张文志,韩清凯,等.机械结构有限元分析[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006
[42]方建军,刘仕良.机械动态仿真与工程分析[M].化学工业出版社,2004,194-221 1
[43]高秀华,李炎亮,等.机械三维动态设计仿真技术[M].化学工业出版社,2003,199-25
[44]于建国.饲草压捆机压缩机构动态仿真[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,(3):68-70.
[45]韩锐.基于SolidWorks的机构运动仿真研究[D].西安理工大学,2004.
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[2]高祥照,马文奇,等.中国作物秸秆资源利用现状分析[J].
[3]董卫民.秸秆饲料开发利用现状及前景展望.草业科学.2002,(3):53-54
[4]金升藻,荣俊,李助男.充分利用秸秆资源一大力发展湖北农区节粮型畜牧业.湖北农学院学报,2004,20(4):337-333
[5]张文举,王加启,等.秸秆饲料资源开发利用的研究进展[J].国外畜牧科技.2001,(6):15-18
[6]韩鲁佳.中国农作物秸秆资源及其利用现状[J].农业工程学报.2002,(3):87-91
[7]任仲杰,顾孟迪,等.我国农作物秸秆综合利用与循环经济[J].安徽农业科学,2005,(11):2105-2106.
[8]武迎红.浅谈农作物秸秆综合利用技术.内蒙古民族大学学报.2006,(4):177-181
[9]赵晨亮.饲料压块机发展之我见.工作研究.
[10]秦世平.秸秆综合利用商业化可行性研究[J].中国能源,2001,(1):14-16.
[11]赵晨亮.论述秸秆饲料压块机设计中的几项创新及认识[J].粮食与饲料工业, 2004,(3).
[12]徐英英.秸秆饲料商品化加工技术及其关键设备的研究[D].中国农业大学,2006.
[13]杨明韶,毕玉革.草类物料压缩试验研究中的突破性进展[J].农机化研究,2005,(1):1-5.
[14]杨明韶,李旭英,等.牧草压缩过程的研究[J].农业工程学报,1996,(3):60-64
[15]李旭英,杨明韶,等.压捆机压缩特性测试方法的分析[J].实用测试技术,1997,(1):18-21.
[16]于晓波,张纯铸,等.9KL_380型秸秆饲料压块机的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2001,(3):97-99.
[17]徐新惠.棉秆压缩成型特性的试验研究[D].石河子大学,2006.
[18]隋美丽.秸秆压块饲料机匀料充型区的物流分析与计算机仿真[D].河北农业大学,2005.
[19]李华.秸秆饲料中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的定量分析研究[J].新疆农业大学学报.2007,(3):65-68
[20]杨军太,朱柏林,等.柱塞式压块机压块成形理论分析与试验研究[J].农业机械学报,1995,(3):51-57.
[21]严正庭,晓栎,等.最新钢结构实用设计手册[M].广西科学技术出版社.2003
[22]赵毅彬,李汝莘,等.压捆机液压控制系统的设计[J].饲料工业,2005,26(11):6-8.
[23]安国邦.奔驰88—A型高密度固定式干草压捆机的研制[J].东北农业大学学报,1994,(2):160-168.
[24]机械设计手册(软件版)V3.0
[25]张也影.流体力学[M].高等教育出版社.1996
[26]刘洪文.材料力学[M].高等教育出版社.1992
[27]王波.揉切后玉米秸秆的压缩试验研究[D].山东农业大学,2005.
[28]郭康权,赵东,等.植物秸秆模压成型流变特性的试验研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1995,(3):51-57.
[29]马孝琴.生物质(秸秆)成型燃料燃烧动力学特性及液压秸秆成型机改进设计研究[D].河南农业大学,2002
[30]翁伟.HPB-Ⅳ型液压式生物质(秸秆)成型机的设计及试验研究[D].河南农业大学,2006.
[31]王峰.饲草大截面草块压制的试验研究[D].中国农业大学,2006.
[32]盛奎川.秸秆切碎、压缩以及成型块燃烧特性的研究[D].沈阳农业大学,2002.
[33]钱湘群.秸秆切碎及压缩成型特性与设备研究[D].浙江大学,2003.
[34]赵毅彬.玉米揉切压捆青贮机关键部件的设计[D].山东农业大学,2006.
[35] Rehkuglar G E,Buchele W F.Bio mechanics of forage wafering [J].Trans of the ASAE[J],1969,12(l):69-71.
[36] Cowling E.B. Physical and chemical constrains in the hydrolysis of cellulose and lignocelosic materials. In: Wick C. R. (ed).Cellulose as a Chemical and Energy Resource,1995,163.
[37]诸德超,傅子智,等译.有限元法手册[M].科学出版社,1996
[38]尚晓江,邱峰,等.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用[M].中国水利水电出版社,2006
[39] G.R.liu,S.S.quek.有限元法实用教程[M].湖南大学出版社,2004
[40] barsoum,R. S. , On the use of isoparametric finite elements in linear fracture mechanics, International Journal for Numberical Methods in Engineering, 1976. Vol.10, 25-38
[41]张文志,韩清凯,等.机械结构有限元分析[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006
[42]方建军,刘仕良.机械动态仿真与工程分析[M].化学工业出版社,2004,194-221 1
[43]高秀华,李炎亮,等.机械三维动态设计仿真技术[M].化学工业出版社,2003,199-25
[44]于建国.饲草压捆机压缩机构动态仿真[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,(3):68-70.
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