全混合日粮（TMR）技术在规模化奶牛养殖小区推广和应用的研究
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摘要
本文研究了全混合日粮技术在规模化奶牛养殖小区中对奶牛泌乳性能、体细胞数、经济效益的影响,以及该技术在小区推广和应用的可行性分析、过程分析,进一步探讨了TMR技术在规模化奶牛养殖小区推广和应用的技术要点、注意事项和建议,以期为加快TMR技术的推广和应用做一些有益的工作。
本研究中的试验于2007年5月5日～8月15日在德州学院实习基地奶牛场(小区模式)进行,选用16头中国荷斯坦经产、健康奶牛,按配对试验设计要求,根据产奶量、泌乳天数、胎次和体重相近的原则分为试验组和对照组,两组日粮组成与营养水平基本一致,研究全混合日粮技术对奶牛泌乳性能、乳中体细胞数与经济效益的影响。试验结果表明:TMR试验组全期平均泌乳量比对照组提高了1.49kg(7.02%),差异不显著(p＞0.05),4%标准乳提高2.85kg(13.69%),差异显著(p＜0.05),乳脂率提高10.72%,差异显著(p＜0.05)。试验组乳蛋白率、乳糖和乳固形物也分别比对照组提高0.34%、1.94%、1.09%,差异均不显著(p＞0.05)。试验组的体细胞数比对照组降低了28.75%,差异极显著(p＜0.01)。经济效益分析表明,TMR试验组奶牛每天每头较对照组多增收纯利3.52元,效益可观。
全混合日粮技术在规模化奶牛养殖小区中推广和应用是非常必要和可行的,在推广和应用过程中,要善于运用现代推广理论,注重每个技术环节,利用多种可能的运作模式,加快用先进的TMR饲养技术改造传统奶牛养殖业的步伐,以实现效益的最大化。
我国是世界上奶牛存栏量较多的国家之一,以奶牛养殖小区模式饲喂的奶牛数量,占到国内奶牛总数相当大的比例,并且小区中绝大部分奶牛采用传统的精、粗分饲的饲喂方式,在这种情况下探讨TMR技术在规模化奶牛养殖小区的推广和应用有着重要的理论及现实意义。
This article studies the effect of total mixed ration technology in the large-scale farming distrct of dairy cattle at milking performance, SCC, economic effect , the feasibility analysis and process analysis of the popularity and applications of the technology in the large-scale farming distrct of dairy cattle, and further discuss the technical points, attention and recommendations of the popularity and applications of the technology in the distrct of dairy cattle, do some useful work for accelerating the popularization and application of TMR technology in the distrct of dairy cattle.
The experiment of this study has been finished from 5th May,2007 to 15th August,2007 at the practice dairy farm of dezhou college (distrct model),the experiment was conducted to study the effect of total mixed ration(TMR) on milk performance, SCC and economic effect in dairy cattle at a breeding district. Sixteen healthy China Holstein cows divided into experiment group and control group according to milk yield,calving date, lactation and body weight, Ration level of two group was basic equal. The results indicated that: the average milk yield of experiment group increased by 1.49Kg compared with the control group, the 4% fat corrected milk(FCM) in the experiment group significantly increased by 2.85Kg compared with the control group (P<0.05 ); the milk fat content,milk protein rate,lactose and milk solid yields in the experiment group separate increased by 10.72%,0.34%,1.94 % and 1.09% than the control group; SCC of the experiment group reduced by 28.75% (P<0.01) than the control group; The economic effect analyses indicated that: the each in every day who the experiment group increased by￥3.52 of net profit compared with the control group.
The popularity and applications of the TMR technology in the distrct of dairy cattle is very necessary and feasible. In the popularity and application process, it is necessary to use the modern theory, pay attention to every technical aspect, using a variety of possible mode of operation to accelerate the speed of using advanced technology to transform traditional feeding cows, in order to achieve maximum efficiency.
China is one of the countries of more cows in the amount in the word,dairy cattle breeding number to feed in the large-scale fanning distrct of dairy cattle, there is a substantial proportion in the total number of domestic cows, the most of dairy catties in the large-scale farming distrct use the traditional feeding system,the concentrate and the roughage were separated feeding. In such circumstances,discuss the popularity and applications of the TMR technology in the distrct of dairy cattle has important theoretical and practical significance.
本研究中的试验于2007年5月5日～8月15日在德州学院实习基地奶牛场(小区模式)进行,选用16头中国荷斯坦经产、健康奶牛,按配对试验设计要求,根据产奶量、泌乳天数、胎次和体重相近的原则分为试验组和对照组,两组日粮组成与营养水平基本一致,研究全混合日粮技术对奶牛泌乳性能、乳中体细胞数与经济效益的影响。试验结果表明:TMR试验组全期平均泌乳量比对照组提高了1.49kg(7.02%),差异不显著(p＞0.05),4%标准乳提高2.85kg(13.69%),差异显著(p＜0.05),乳脂率提高10.72%,差异显著(p＜0.05)。试验组乳蛋白率、乳糖和乳固形物也分别比对照组提高0.34%、1.94%、1.09%,差异均不显著(p＞0.05)。试验组的体细胞数比对照组降低了28.75%,差异极显著(p＜0.01)。经济效益分析表明,TMR试验组奶牛每天每头较对照组多增收纯利3.52元,效益可观。
全混合日粮技术在规模化奶牛养殖小区中推广和应用是非常必要和可行的,在推广和应用过程中,要善于运用现代推广理论,注重每个技术环节,利用多种可能的运作模式,加快用先进的TMR饲养技术改造传统奶牛养殖业的步伐,以实现效益的最大化。
我国是世界上奶牛存栏量较多的国家之一,以奶牛养殖小区模式饲喂的奶牛数量,占到国内奶牛总数相当大的比例,并且小区中绝大部分奶牛采用传统的精、粗分饲的饲喂方式,在这种情况下探讨TMR技术在规模化奶牛养殖小区的推广和应用有着重要的理论及现实意义。
This article studies the effect of total mixed ration technology in the large-scale farming distrct of dairy cattle at milking performance, SCC, economic effect , the feasibility analysis and process analysis of the popularity and applications of the technology in the large-scale farming distrct of dairy cattle, and further discuss the technical points, attention and recommendations of the popularity and applications of the technology in the distrct of dairy cattle, do some useful work for accelerating the popularization and application of TMR technology in the distrct of dairy cattle.
The experiment of this study has been finished from 5th May,2007 to 15th August,2007 at the practice dairy farm of dezhou college (distrct model),the experiment was conducted to study the effect of total mixed ration(TMR) on milk performance, SCC and economic effect in dairy cattle at a breeding district. Sixteen healthy China Holstein cows divided into experiment group and control group according to milk yield,calving date, lactation and body weight, Ration level of two group was basic equal. The results indicated that: the average milk yield of experiment group increased by 1.49Kg compared with the control group, the 4% fat corrected milk(FCM) in the experiment group significantly increased by 2.85Kg compared with the control group (P<0.05 ); the milk fat content,milk protein rate,lactose and milk solid yields in the experiment group separate increased by 10.72%,0.34%,1.94 % and 1.09% than the control group; SCC of the experiment group reduced by 28.75% (P<0.01) than the control group; The economic effect analyses indicated that: the each in every day who the experiment group increased by￥3.52 of net profit compared with the control group.
The popularity and applications of the TMR technology in the distrct of dairy cattle is very necessary and feasible. In the popularity and application process, it is necessary to use the modern theory, pay attention to every technical aspect, using a variety of possible mode of operation to accelerate the speed of using advanced technology to transform traditional feeding cows, in order to achieve maximum efficiency.
China is one of the countries of more cows in the amount in the word,dairy cattle breeding number to feed in the large-scale fanning distrct of dairy cattle, there is a substantial proportion in the total number of domestic cows, the most of dairy catties in the large-scale farming distrct use the traditional feeding system,the concentrate and the roughage were separated feeding. In such circumstances,discuss the popularity and applications of the TMR technology in the distrct of dairy cattle has important theoretical and practical significance.
引文
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