废旧冰箱中CFC-11的回收研究
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摘要
本文阐述了废旧冰箱中的三氯一氟甲烷(CFC-11)来源、危害以及国内外主要的处理方法。综述了活性炭纤维的发展概况以及活性炭纤维吸附法处理有机废气的发展概况、反应机理、影响因素及等温吸附模型。综述了喷淋、分馏在回收废气上的应用。在此基础上,建立CFC-11回收处理模拟实验装置,通过模拟工艺实验,研究CFC-11吸附、脱附、喷淋吸收以及解析分离等回收处理过程。
本文以粘胶基活性炭纤维为吸附剂,自制了一套集吸附、脱附、浓缩、喷淋吸收以及解析分离为一体的实验装置。
在吸附试验中,将活性炭纤维的吸附等温线与Freundlich吸附等温方程相拟合,拟合效果较理想。考察了气体流速、气体进口浓度、填充高度等影响吸附过程的因素,并以其为参考对象,进行L9(33)的正交优化。结果表明,在设计实验范围内对活性炭纤维吸附CFC-11的影响的显著性先后顺序为:气体流速﹥气体浓度﹥填充高度。筛选出的本实验装置的最佳操作参数为:室温25℃、活性炭纤维填充密度101.9 kg/m3、填充高度120 mm、CFC-11流速0.10 m/s、进口平均浓度10 mg/L。
脱附试验结果表明,150℃的脱附温度比90℃脱附得快。在0.05,0.10,0.15 m/s的气体流速范围内,吸附过程的气体流速越大,脱附得越快,但是当出口浓度下降到一定值后,吸附过程中气体流速大的反而脱附变慢。对活性炭纤维再生率试验研究结果表明,再生率随着使用次数的增加而减小,但再生率维持在85%以上。
喷淋试验结果表明,在15.7,20.0,25.0 L/min的循环喷液量下,吸收效率分别是84%,89%,92%;在进口CFC-11浓度为100.4,142.7,160.1 mg/L下,吸收效率分别为91%,88%,83%。
分馏试验结果表明,在50,70,90℃温度范围内,温度越高,分馏越完全;溶剂比为4至5.5的范围内,回收率随溶剂比的增加而上升,当溶剂比增大到一定值以后,回收率变化不大。
回收情况试验结果表明,气体在吸附与脱附过程的回收率达到90%;而在喷淋、分馏回收阶段,回收率为60%左右。整个回收过程的总回收率为35%。
This paper has described the sources, hazards, domestic and international recycling approach of the CFC-11 from refrigerator waste; Summarized the activated charcoal textile fiber development survey as well as the activated charcoal textile fiber adsorption law processes CFC-11 the development survey, the reaction mechanism, the influence factor and the uniform temperature adsorption model. The aiticle also reviewed the spray and distillation in the application of exhaust gas recycling. In this foundation, the CFC-11 recycling plant simulation was established. CFC-11 recycling process, inculing adsorption, desorption, spray absorption and analytical separation were studied by the simulating experiments.
In this paper, the viscose base activated charcoal textile fiber was taking as the absorbent. Adsorption, desorption, concentration, spray and analytical separation were made as the experimental device.
In the adsorption experiment, the activated carbon fiber adsorption isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm equation are fitting satisfactoried. To cofirm the factors affecting the adsorption process, such as the gas volume flow rate, gas inlet concentration, fills height and carried on L9(33) orthogonal optimization. The result indicated that in the design experiment scope to the activated charcoal textile fiber adsorption CFC-11 influence successively the order is: gas volume flow rate﹥gas conceration﹥packed height. Screens this test installation best operation parameter is: The room temperature was 25℃, activated carbon fiber packing density was 101.9 kg/m3,fill height was 120 mm, CFC-11 volumetric flow rate was 0.2 m3 ? h-1, the average import concentration was 10 mg ? L-1.
The results of desorption experiment show that the desorption temperature of 150℃was faster than 90℃desorption. In the gas volume flow rate of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 m/s, 0.15 m/s was the best volume of desorption. The results of egeneration rate experiment show that the regeneration rate decreased while the using times increased. The recycling rates remained at 85%.
The results of spray experiment show that while the amount of circulating spray was 15.7, 20.0, 25.0 L/min, absorption efficiency was 84%, 89%, 92%; When the import concentration was 100.4, 142.7, 160.1 mg/L, the absorption efficiency was 91%, 88%, 83%. Absorption efficiency of spray can reach 80%.
The results of fractionation experiment show that in the distillation temperature of 50、70、90℃, the higher the temperature, the more complete distillation; recovery ratio increases with the increase of the solvent;however,when the solvent ratio increases to a certain value, the recovery rate changed little.
On the basis of the experiment above, the whole process of gas adsorption, desorption, spray, distillation recovery were studied. The results show that gas adsorption and desorption process is relatively high in the recovery rate, reaches 90%. In the spray, the distillation recovery phase, the recovery rate decreased, only 60%. The total recovery rate of the whole recovery process was 35%.
本文以粘胶基活性炭纤维为吸附剂,自制了一套集吸附、脱附、浓缩、喷淋吸收以及解析分离为一体的实验装置。
在吸附试验中,将活性炭纤维的吸附等温线与Freundlich吸附等温方程相拟合,拟合效果较理想。考察了气体流速、气体进口浓度、填充高度等影响吸附过程的因素,并以其为参考对象,进行L9(33)的正交优化。结果表明,在设计实验范围内对活性炭纤维吸附CFC-11的影响的显著性先后顺序为:气体流速﹥气体浓度﹥填充高度。筛选出的本实验装置的最佳操作参数为:室温25℃、活性炭纤维填充密度101.9 kg/m3、填充高度120 mm、CFC-11流速0.10 m/s、进口平均浓度10 mg/L。
脱附试验结果表明,150℃的脱附温度比90℃脱附得快。在0.05,0.10,0.15 m/s的气体流速范围内,吸附过程的气体流速越大,脱附得越快,但是当出口浓度下降到一定值后,吸附过程中气体流速大的反而脱附变慢。对活性炭纤维再生率试验研究结果表明,再生率随着使用次数的增加而减小,但再生率维持在85%以上。
喷淋试验结果表明,在15.7,20.0,25.0 L/min的循环喷液量下,吸收效率分别是84%,89%,92%;在进口CFC-11浓度为100.4,142.7,160.1 mg/L下,吸收效率分别为91%,88%,83%。
分馏试验结果表明,在50,70,90℃温度范围内,温度越高,分馏越完全;溶剂比为4至5.5的范围内,回收率随溶剂比的增加而上升,当溶剂比增大到一定值以后,回收率变化不大。
回收情况试验结果表明,气体在吸附与脱附过程的回收率达到90%;而在喷淋、分馏回收阶段,回收率为60%左右。整个回收过程的总回收率为35%。
This paper has described the sources, hazards, domestic and international recycling approach of the CFC-11 from refrigerator waste; Summarized the activated charcoal textile fiber development survey as well as the activated charcoal textile fiber adsorption law processes CFC-11 the development survey, the reaction mechanism, the influence factor and the uniform temperature adsorption model. The aiticle also reviewed the spray and distillation in the application of exhaust gas recycling. In this foundation, the CFC-11 recycling plant simulation was established. CFC-11 recycling process, inculing adsorption, desorption, spray absorption and analytical separation were studied by the simulating experiments.
In this paper, the viscose base activated charcoal textile fiber was taking as the absorbent. Adsorption, desorption, concentration, spray and analytical separation were made as the experimental device.
In the adsorption experiment, the activated carbon fiber adsorption isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm equation are fitting satisfactoried. To cofirm the factors affecting the adsorption process, such as the gas volume flow rate, gas inlet concentration, fills height and carried on L9(33) orthogonal optimization. The result indicated that in the design experiment scope to the activated charcoal textile fiber adsorption CFC-11 influence successively the order is: gas volume flow rate﹥gas conceration﹥packed height. Screens this test installation best operation parameter is: The room temperature was 25℃, activated carbon fiber packing density was 101.9 kg/m3,fill height was 120 mm, CFC-11 volumetric flow rate was 0.2 m3 ? h-1, the average import concentration was 10 mg ? L-1.
The results of desorption experiment show that the desorption temperature of 150℃was faster than 90℃desorption. In the gas volume flow rate of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 m/s, 0.15 m/s was the best volume of desorption. The results of egeneration rate experiment show that the regeneration rate decreased while the using times increased. The recycling rates remained at 85%.
The results of spray experiment show that while the amount of circulating spray was 15.7, 20.0, 25.0 L/min, absorption efficiency was 84%, 89%, 92%; When the import concentration was 100.4, 142.7, 160.1 mg/L, the absorption efficiency was 91%, 88%, 83%. Absorption efficiency of spray can reach 80%.
The results of fractionation experiment show that in the distillation temperature of 50、70、90℃, the higher the temperature, the more complete distillation; recovery ratio increases with the increase of the solvent;however,when the solvent ratio increases to a certain value, the recovery rate changed little.
On the basis of the experiment above, the whole process of gas adsorption, desorption, spray, distillation recovery were studied. The results show that gas adsorption and desorption process is relatively high in the recovery rate, reaches 90%. In the spray, the distillation recovery phase, the recovery rate decreased, only 60%. The total recovery rate of the whole recovery process was 35%.
引文
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[3]景元书,金巍,曲岩等. 1991~2004年东亚温室气体浓度特征及变化趋势[J].环境科学研究, 2007, 20(6) : 67~70
[4]胡嘉琦,赵新,王玲.活性炭吸附制冷家电发泡剂气体的试验方法[J].日用电器, 2008,1: 37~38.
[5] Ministry of Information Industry of China. Electronic Industry Statistics Annual[R]. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press, 2003~2006.(in Chinese)
[6]刘景洋,段宁,杨勇等.废旧冰箱拆解及聚氨酯泡沫放置的一氟三氯甲烷释放量研究[J].环境污染与防治, 2010,32(7):1~4
[7]王成扬,冯丽萍,何菲.活性炭纤维的表面特性及其对有机蒸气的吸附研究[J].炭素,1999,4:3~7
[8] Zheng-Hong Huang, Feiyu Kang, Kai-Ming Liang, Jiming Hao. Breakthrough of Methyethylketone and benzene vapors in activated carbon fiber beds. Jonunrnal of Hazardous Materials. 2003, B98: 107~115.
[9]廖达琛,徐承亮,彭皓.计算流体力学在喷淋塔内流场模拟方面的研究进展及展望[J].能源工程,2007,3:56~57
[10]王丽丽,李定龙,林海鹏.喷淋塔的流体力学特性与脱硫效率研究[J].工业安全与环保, 2008, 34(9):37~39
[11]王旭,陈鸿伟.入口位置对喷淋塔流场影响的数值模拟[J].安徽理工大学学报, 2009, 29(3):40~43
[12]李秋萍,程建伟,邵国兴.喷淋洗涤塔、液柱塔及动力波洗涤器[J].化工装备技术, 2008, 29(3):1~5
[13]缪明烽,于耘.湿式逆流喷淋脱硫塔中SO2吸收特性的研究[J].环境工程学报, 2010, 4(4):887~892
[14] Ozone Secretariat. Action on Ozone[R]. Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme, 2000
[15] Ashforda P, Clodicb D, McCulloche A, et al. Emission profiles from the foam and refrigeration sectors comparison with atmospheric concentrations [J]. International Jouranl of Refrigeration, 2004, 27:701~716
[16] Schrope M, Successes in fight to save ozone layer could close holes by 2050, Nature, 2000, 408(527)
[17] Perez A. On the Antarctic origin of low ozone events at the south American continent during the spring of 1993 and 1994, Atmos. Env, 1998, 32(3665)
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