供暖锅炉变频控制系统设计
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摘要
随着社会经济的飞速发展，城市建设规模的不断扩大，以及人们生活水平的不断提高，对城市生活供暖的用户数量和供暖质量提出了越来越高的要求。目前，我国北方地区冬季生活供暖仍然以锅炉供暖为主，锅炉房自动控制系统配置相对落后，风机和水泵等电机的控制主要依赖值班人员的手工操作，控制过程繁琐，耗电耗煤，而且手动控制无法对锅炉供水温度和管网压力变化及时做出适当的反应。
本文结合兰州铁路局银川地区锅炉房变频改造工程项目，设计了一套基于PLC和变频调速技术的供暖锅炉控制系统。该控制系统由可编程控制器、变频器、风机和水泵电机组、传感器、工控机以及控制柜等构成。系统通过变频器控制电动机的启动、运行和调速。系统以两台研华IPC610工业控制机作为上位机，以西门子S7-300可编程控制器为下位机。上位机监控软件采用西门子工控组态软件WINCC设计，主要完成系统操作界面设计，实现系统启／停控制、参数设定、报警联动、历史数据查询、报表打印等功能。下位机控制程序采用西门子公司的STEP7编程软件设计，主要完成模拟量信号的处理，耗煤量、供热量和热效率等统计量的计算，温度和压力信号的PID控制等功能，并接收上位机的控制指令以完成风机启／停控制、参数设定、循环泵控制和补水泵控制。
现场调试和运行表明，本文设计的变频控制系统实现了锅炉燃烧过程的自动控制，有效地降低了能耗，提高了生产管理水平。系统安装维护方便，运行稳定、可靠：监控软件功能齐全，人机界面友好，使用方便。
With the rapid development of social economy and the increasingly improved living standard of people, the scale of city construction is unprecedentedly expanded, arousing urgent requirement for high-quality living heating system to meet the sustainingly increased need. In northern China, however, most current living heating systems for winter use are relatively still out-of-date boiler heating system, in which, the core part, namely, the control of operating fans in stokehold and water pumps is still manual and therefore hard to realize real-time adjustment according to changing pressure in the pipes and temperature of water supplied. Consequently, this fussy manual control inevitably leads to unnecessary huge waste of coal and electrical power.
In this paper, a heating boiler control system based on PLC and variable frequency speed-regulating technology is designed according to Variable Frequency Reconstruct Project of Yinchuan Stokehold sponsored by Lanzhou Railway Bureau. The control system is made up of PLC, transducers, electromotor units of pumps and fans, sensors, industrial control computer and control tanks, etc. It can control electromotor starting, running and timing by means of transducers.
The hardware system includes two Advantech IPC 610 industrial control computers, the upper supervisory system (USS), and a Siemens S7-300 PLC, the lower control system (LCS). The supervisory software of USS designed with WINCC(Siemens configuration software) is mainly used to develop human-machine interface of system, and realize functions such as starting/stopping of electromotors, setting of analog parameters, alarm interlocking, inquiring of historical data and reports printing, etc, while the control software of LCS designed with STEP7(Siemens PLC software toolbox) is mainly used to deal with functions such as processing analog signals, calculating parameters including the wastage of coal, PID control of temperature and pressure, and accepting control instructions from USS to realize
starting/stopping of electromotors, setting of analog parameters and control of water pumps.
It is proved by field experimental operation that the frequency control system proposed not only can realize automatic control of boiler burning process efficiently, having greatly reduced energy consumption, and in the meantime effectively improved the level of boiler control management, but also has many advantages such as stable and reliable running, flexible operation, convenient maintenance, and friendly interface, etc.
本文结合兰州铁路局银川地区锅炉房变频改造工程项目，设计了一套基于PLC和变频调速技术的供暖锅炉控制系统。该控制系统由可编程控制器、变频器、风机和水泵电机组、传感器、工控机以及控制柜等构成。系统通过变频器控制电动机的启动、运行和调速。系统以两台研华IPC610工业控制机作为上位机，以西门子S7-300可编程控制器为下位机。上位机监控软件采用西门子工控组态软件WINCC设计，主要完成系统操作界面设计，实现系统启／停控制、参数设定、报警联动、历史数据查询、报表打印等功能。下位机控制程序采用西门子公司的STEP7编程软件设计，主要完成模拟量信号的处理，耗煤量、供热量和热效率等统计量的计算，温度和压力信号的PID控制等功能，并接收上位机的控制指令以完成风机启／停控制、参数设定、循环泵控制和补水泵控制。
现场调试和运行表明，本文设计的变频控制系统实现了锅炉燃烧过程的自动控制，有效地降低了能耗，提高了生产管理水平。系统安装维护方便，运行稳定、可靠：监控软件功能齐全，人机界面友好，使用方便。
With the rapid development of social economy and the increasingly improved living standard of people, the scale of city construction is unprecedentedly expanded, arousing urgent requirement for high-quality living heating system to meet the sustainingly increased need. In northern China, however, most current living heating systems for winter use are relatively still out-of-date boiler heating system, in which, the core part, namely, the control of operating fans in stokehold and water pumps is still manual and therefore hard to realize real-time adjustment according to changing pressure in the pipes and temperature of water supplied. Consequently, this fussy manual control inevitably leads to unnecessary huge waste of coal and electrical power.
In this paper, a heating boiler control system based on PLC and variable frequency speed-regulating technology is designed according to Variable Frequency Reconstruct Project of Yinchuan Stokehold sponsored by Lanzhou Railway Bureau. The control system is made up of PLC, transducers, electromotor units of pumps and fans, sensors, industrial control computer and control tanks, etc. It can control electromotor starting, running and timing by means of transducers.
The hardware system includes two Advantech IPC 610 industrial control computers, the upper supervisory system (USS), and a Siemens S7-300 PLC, the lower control system (LCS). The supervisory software of USS designed with WINCC(Siemens configuration software) is mainly used to develop human-machine interface of system, and realize functions such as starting/stopping of electromotors, setting of analog parameters, alarm interlocking, inquiring of historical data and reports printing, etc, while the control software of LCS designed with STEP7(Siemens PLC software toolbox) is mainly used to deal with functions such as processing analog signals, calculating parameters including the wastage of coal, PID control of temperature and pressure, and accepting control instructions from USS to realize
starting/stopping of electromotors, setting of analog parameters and control of water pumps.
It is proved by field experimental operation that the frequency control system proposed not only can realize automatic control of boiler burning process efficiently, having greatly reduced energy consumption, and in the meantime effectively improved the level of boiler control management, but also has many advantages such as stable and reliable running, flexible operation, convenient maintenance, and friendly interface, etc.
引文
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[10] March A.R,Williams T.B. Oldbury boiler control system[J].IEE Colloquium on Retrofit and Upgrading of Computer Equipment in Nuclear Power Stations, 1991,3(11): 1～5
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[30] de Mello F.R Boiler models for system dynamic performance studies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1991, 6(1):66～74
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[2] 姜铁源，张来仁，王伟．多台工业锅炉微机控制系统[J]．自动化技术与应用，1999,18(4)：26～28
[3] 张亮明，夏桂娟．工业锅炉微机控制[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
[4] 李之光．常压热水锅炉及其供暖系统[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[5] 张亮明，夏桂娟．工业锅炉热工检测与过程控制[M]．天津：天津大学出版社，1992
[6] 刘培章，刘奇志．燃煤锅炉微机控制系统[J]．电子技术应用，1999，6(6)：33～35
[7] 赵钦新．燃油燃气锅炉[M]．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2000
[8] 栾秀春，李士勇．火力发电机组锅炉控制技术的新进展[J]．热能动力工程，2003，18(4)：329～334
[9] 施秉仁．微机控制系统在工业锅炉上的应用[J]．节能，2000，13(1)：17～22
[10] March A.R,Williams T.B. Oldbury boiler control system[J].IEE Colloquium on Retrofit and Upgrading of Computer Equipment in Nuclear Power Stations, 1991,3(11): 1～5
[11] Seung Joon Lee, Keun Hyuk Yun, Ju Hyun Park, Lee Ho Gyun, Park Joon Ho, Suk Gyu Lee. Development of remote control system for boiler based on Internet. TENCON '02. Proceedings[J]. 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering, 2002,3 (28～31): 1672～1675
[11] Bitenc A., Cretnik J., Petrovcic J., Strmcnik S. Design and application of an industrial controller[J]. Computing & Control Engineering Journal, 1992, 3(1): 29～34
[12] 孙斌，张宏建，赵玉晓．模糊变频恒压供水系统设计[J]．电气自动化，2002，15(3)：23～25
[13] 吴忠志，吴加林．变频器应用手册[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[14] 朱永吉．变频器在锅炉风机中的节能应用[J]．节能技术，2003，14(2)：38～
40
[15] 陈少波．带PID功能的变频器在恒压供水系统中的应用[J]．自动化与仪表，2000，15(1)：67～68
[16] 王占奎．变频调速应用百例[M]．北京：科学出版社，1999
[17] Chen, S., Yeh S.-N. Optimal efficiency analysis of induction motors fed by variable-voltage and variable-frequency source[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1992,7(3):537～543
[18] Cheng-Ting Hsu, Huang-Shin Cheng. Transient stability study of the large synchronous motors starting and operating for the isolated integrated steel-making facility[J]. Industry Applications Conference, 2002. 37th IAS Annual Meeting, 2002, 2(13～18):877～882
[19] Pellegrinetti G.; Bentsman, J. Nonlinear control oriented boiler modeling-a benchmark problem for controller design [J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 1996, 4(1):57～64
[20] 于海生．微型计算机控制系统[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[21] 贾琨，张建，杨恩武等．变频调速在采暖热水锅炉控制中的应用[J]．自动化与仪表，2002，6(2)：65～66
[22] 万红，李洁，孙晓杰等．链排式热水锅炉燃烧自寻优软件设计[J]．仪器仪表用户，2003，10(3)：14～15
[23] 祝贺，魏毅立，田海等．热水锅炉供暖的动态自动调节[J]．暖通空调，2003，33(3)：127～129
[24] 秦家伟，沈国民．热水锅炉供暖的智能控制技术[J]．建筑热能通风空调，2001，6(6)：59～61
[25] 付青，罗安，成晓明等．智能水压自动调节系统的研制[J]．中国电机工程学报，2002，22(6)：105～108：
[26] 姚若玉．基于模糊控制理论的锅炉燃烧系统控制[D]．西安建筑科技大学硕士论文，2003
[27] Wen Tan, Marquez, H.J., Tongwen Chen. Multivariable robust controller design for a boiler system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2002, 10(5): 735～742
[28] Wen Ta, Marquez H.J., Tongwen Chen, Gooden, R.K.H. control design for an industrial boiler[J]. American Control Conference, 2001. Proceedings of the 2001, 2001, 4(25～27):2537～2542
[29] Xiangjie Liu;Tianyou Chai. Fuzzy logic strategy on boiler control problem[J]. American Control Conference, 1997. Proceedings of the 1997, 1997, 2(4～6): 1264～1265
[30] de Mello F.R Boiler models for system dynamic performance studies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1991, 6(1):66～74
[31] Cheres, E.; Small and medium size drum boiler models suitable for long term dynamic response[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1990,5(4):686～692
[32] 杜清珍，赵训坡，李洋．PLC变频调速系统应用研究[J]．工业仪表与自动化装置，2001，18(6)：27～30
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