基于DSP的三相系统频率与相位跟踪研究
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摘要
太阳能作为一种清洁、高效和可持续发展的新能源,日益引起了各国的广泛重视。光伏并网发电技术代表了太阳能发电技术的发展方向。
本文重点研究了太阳能发电系统中的关键部件:光伏并网逆变器,其作用:一是使光伏阵列工作在最大功率输出状态;二是将光伏阵列产生的直流电能转换为交流电能,并且使逆变输出电流与电网电压保吃同步。本文首先介绍了太阳能电池的电气特性及最大功率输出点的跟踪方法,接着重点介绍了三电平逆变电路的结构,比较了逆变电路两种调制方法,重点分析了空间矢量调制的原理与实现步骤。本文紧接着介绍了基于瞬时无功功率理论的三相电网的锁相方法,针对三相电网不平衡情况下,传统软件锁相算法的不足,介绍了两种改进措施。建立了光伏并网逆变器在不同坐标系下的数学模型,重点研究了电压外环电流内环的双闭环矢量控制策略,以典型控制系统设计与工程经验整定相结合的办法解决比例与积分系数(PI)的整定问题。
以TMS320F2812芯片为控制器设计了光伏逆变系统的软件部分,给出了系统软件算法的流程。利用MATLAB对空间矢量的调制算法、软件锁相算法和并网运行控制策略进行了仿真,总结了PI调节器的整定规律。仿真结果表明了并网控制策略的正确性:由太阳能电池板发出的能量能够以较高的功率因素反馈至电网。
The solar energy, because of cleanliness, high efficiency and continuable development, attracts more and more attention by many countries. Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is the trend of photovoltaic system’s development.
This thesis mainly researches the PV grid-connected inverter, which is the most important device in Grid-connected PV system. It’s function includes two sides: the first is that it makes the inverter work in Maximum power point state, the second is that it converts the DC generated by PV to AC ,it also makes it sure that the current which is the output of the Inverter is synchronous with grid voltage. The thesis firstly introduces the circuit structure of three-level inverter, compares two modulation arithmetic of the inverter, mainly analyses the principle and realization steps of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). Next, the thesis introduces the method of three-phase grid’s Phase Lock based on instantaneous reactive power。Traditional PLL is not satisfactory in the unbalanced AC power system condition, For this reason, the thesis gives the improved method. Then, the thesis establishes the mathematical mode of Grid-connected PV system in three kinds of coordinate system, the voltage and current pairs of two closed-loops vector control strategy is importantly studied,uses the methods of typical control system designation and experimentation to solve the factors of PI controller.
The thesis gives the inverter’s soft system designation based on the DSP chip of TMS320F2812, also gives the flow chart of soft arithmetic. The simulation of SVPWM, SPLL,PV grid-connected control strategy is researched by MATLAB, and the rule of PI controller is also summarized. The result shows the exactness of PV grid-connected control strategy, the energy generated by PV can be feed back to AC power system with high power-factor.
本文重点研究了太阳能发电系统中的关键部件:光伏并网逆变器,其作用:一是使光伏阵列工作在最大功率输出状态;二是将光伏阵列产生的直流电能转换为交流电能,并且使逆变输出电流与电网电压保吃同步。本文首先介绍了太阳能电池的电气特性及最大功率输出点的跟踪方法,接着重点介绍了三电平逆变电路的结构,比较了逆变电路两种调制方法,重点分析了空间矢量调制的原理与实现步骤。本文紧接着介绍了基于瞬时无功功率理论的三相电网的锁相方法,针对三相电网不平衡情况下,传统软件锁相算法的不足,介绍了两种改进措施。建立了光伏并网逆变器在不同坐标系下的数学模型,重点研究了电压外环电流内环的双闭环矢量控制策略,以典型控制系统设计与工程经验整定相结合的办法解决比例与积分系数(PI)的整定问题。
以TMS320F2812芯片为控制器设计了光伏逆变系统的软件部分,给出了系统软件算法的流程。利用MATLAB对空间矢量的调制算法、软件锁相算法和并网运行控制策略进行了仿真,总结了PI调节器的整定规律。仿真结果表明了并网控制策略的正确性:由太阳能电池板发出的能量能够以较高的功率因素反馈至电网。
The solar energy, because of cleanliness, high efficiency and continuable development, attracts more and more attention by many countries. Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is the trend of photovoltaic system’s development.
This thesis mainly researches the PV grid-connected inverter, which is the most important device in Grid-connected PV system. It’s function includes two sides: the first is that it makes the inverter work in Maximum power point state, the second is that it converts the DC generated by PV to AC ,it also makes it sure that the current which is the output of the Inverter is synchronous with grid voltage. The thesis firstly introduces the circuit structure of three-level inverter, compares two modulation arithmetic of the inverter, mainly analyses the principle and realization steps of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). Next, the thesis introduces the method of three-phase grid’s Phase Lock based on instantaneous reactive power。Traditional PLL is not satisfactory in the unbalanced AC power system condition, For this reason, the thesis gives the improved method. Then, the thesis establishes the mathematical mode of Grid-connected PV system in three kinds of coordinate system, the voltage and current pairs of two closed-loops vector control strategy is importantly studied,uses the methods of typical control system designation and experimentation to solve the factors of PI controller.
The thesis gives the inverter’s soft system designation based on the DSP chip of TMS320F2812, also gives the flow chart of soft arithmetic. The simulation of SVPWM, SPLL,PV grid-connected control strategy is researched by MATLAB, and the rule of PI controller is also summarized. The result shows the exactness of PV grid-connected control strategy, the energy generated by PV can be feed back to AC power system with high power-factor.
引文
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[2]贺琳.基于DSP的光伏发电系统并网技术的仿真研究[D].大连:大连交通大学,2009.
[3]郭亚男.太阳能并网系统的研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2008.
[4]曹旭阳.独立光伏路灯系统MPPT控制器设计[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.
[5]杨思俊.基于MPPT技术的光伏路灯控制系统的研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2009.
[6]龚菲.太阳能光伏路灯系统中MPPT控制器的研究与设计[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[7]王长江.基于MATLAB的光伏电池通用数学模型[J].电力科学与工程,2009,25(4):11-14.
[8]戴训江,晁勤.太阳能光伏模块电气特性的数学建模与仿真[J].半导体光电,2009,30(1):47-50.
[9]吴忠军,刘国海,廖志凌.硅太阳电池工程用数学模型参数的优化设计[J].电源技术,2007,31(11):897-901.
[10] Sachin Jain,Vivek Agarwal.A Single-Stage Grid Connected Inverter Topology for Solar PV Systems With Maximum Power Point Tracking[J]. IEEE Transactions on power electronics,2007,22(5):1928-1940.
[11]李炜,朱新坚.光伏系统最大功率点跟踪控制仿真模型[J].计算机仿真,2006,23(6):239-243.
[12]刘立群,王志新. PV系统的变电压MPPT算法及仿真[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学板),2009,37(2):140-146.
[13] Hiren Patel ,Vivek Agarwal.MPPT Scheme for a PV-Fed Single-Stage Grid-Connected Inverter Operating in CCM With Only One Current Sensor[J]. IEEE Transactions on energy conversion,2009,24(1):256-263.
[14]刘翼,荆龙,童亦斌.基于Simulink的光伏电池组件建模和MPPT仿真研究[J].科技导报,2010,28(18):94-97.
[15] Domenico Casadei, Gabriele Grandi, Claudio Rossi. Single-Phase Single-Stage Photovoltaic Generation System Based on a Ripple Correlation Control Maximum Power Point Tracking[J].IEEE Transactions on energy conversion,2006,21(2):562-568.
[16]程军照,吴夕科,李澍森等.采用BOOST的两级式光伏发电并网逆变系统[J].高电压技术,2009,35(8):2048-2052.
[17] Geoffrey R.Walker, Paul C.Sernia. Cascaded DC–DC Converter Connection ofPhotovoltaic Modules [J]. IEEE Transactions on power electronics, 2004 ,19(4):1130-1139.
[18]杨毅.基于空间电压矢量法的三电平逆变器的研究[D].上海:东华大学,2007.
[19]王永军.多相三电平变频器技术研究及物理仿真方案设计[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008.
[20]苑春明.三电平变换器SVPWM关键技术研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2008.
[21]马钢.二极管箝位三电平变频器中点电压平衡相关问题研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.
[22]张沛.基于SVPWM的功率系统控制方式的研究[D].武汉:华中华科大学,2007.
[23]陈勇军.三电平逆变器脉宽调制器研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008.
[24]饶芹飞.配电网静止同步补偿器控制方法的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2008
[25] Ning-Yi Dai, Man-Chung Wong, Ying-Duo Han. Application of a three-level NPC inverter as a three-phase four-wire power quality compensator by generalized 3DSVM[J]. IEEE Transactions on power electronicics , 2006,21(2):440-449.
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