光伏发电DC/DC变流器的研究
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摘要
太阳能发电是当今世界上可再生能源领域中最清洁、最现实、最有大规模开发利用前景的发电方式之一。目前,光伏系统所面临的主要问题是转换效率低且价格昂贵。本论文以针对太阳能发电系统用DC/DC变流器为研究对象,开展了太阳能光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪控制的理论和试验研究。
     论文首先分析了光伏电池的工作原理,利用MATLAB仿真软件对不同环境及不同日照强度下的太阳能电池输出特性进行了建模、仿真。
     在阅读大量参考文献的基础上,对目前国内外关于光伏电池最大功率点追踪策略的若干种方法以及各自的优缺点进行了归纳总结,并着重研究了扰动观察法最大功率追踪策略,针对其带来的功率振荡问题提出了一种简单有效的改进方法,可以减小信号噪声和采样误差而不引入延时环节。
     通过比较两种常用DC/DC变流器的工作原理,选择Boost拓扑并对主电路参数进行了设计。
     最后,实现以TMS320LF2407 DSP为控制芯片,以Boost为主电路,以扰动观察法为控制策略的光伏发电系统。对比分析了基于输入参数和基于输出参数两种观测对象的算法,并通过实验波形得出结论:基于输入参数的扰动观察法通过合理选择扰动步长和扰动周期,可以有效减小系统在稳态工作点附近的振荡,同时保持快速的动态响应,具有良好的动、静态特性;而基于输出参数的扰动观察法,由于只需要检测单个输出变量(输出电流或输出电压),且不需做乘法运算,不论模拟或者数字实现,具有容易实现的优点,但是,其动态响应大约比基于输入参数的扰动观察法慢一个数量级,适合低成本和对天气变化要求不高的场合。
It is known that photovoltaic system is one of the cleanest, most practicable and most promising resources in all kinds of renewable energy resources nowadays. In recent years, the main drawbacks are that the efficiency of conversion is low and the initial installation cost is considerably high. This problem can be solved by applying an MPPT(maximum power point tracking) controller between the PV (Photovoltaic) array and load, which obtains the maximum power from PV array. This paper researches on DC/DC converter applied in PV system, aiming at making full use of the solar photovoltaic energy, and carries out theory and experimental researches on MPPT controlling in PV system.
     In Chapter two of the paper, the principle of the solar panel is introduced first. Second, MATLAB is used to build the simulation of the output characteristics for the solar cell under various temperature and isolation. The simulation results confirm that the solar cell is non-linear.
     Conventional perturb and observation (P&O) MPPT strategy will make the final operation point of the solar module oscillate at the MPP, thus results in the power loss of the solar energy. The thesis proposes an improvement of P&O MPPT algorithm that can reduce signal noise and sample error without delay commonly related to the P&O method. Then two DC/DC converters are compared and Boost converter is presented to realize conversion.
     Finally, experimental results for a Boost controlled with a TMS320LF2407 DSP system are presented to validate the analysis and verify the performance of the proposed control scheme. By comparing algorithm based on two observation objects: input parameters and output parameters, conclusion comes as follows: P&O based on input parameters can reduce system vibration in steady state effectively ,and keep fast transient response speed as well. On the other hand, P&O based on output parameters is easier to realize, because either parameter of the two is enough and there is no need to do multiplication. However, the transient response is times slower than that of the algorithm based on input parameters.
引文
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