某高校教职工健康状况及影响因素研究
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摘要
研究背景山东大学是一所国内外具有重要影响的教育部直属全国重点综合性大学,是国家“211工程”和1“985工程”重点建设的高水平大学之一。山东大学拥有经济学院、哲学与社会发展学院、材料科学与工程学院等40多个学院,在职任教人员近3000人,其中包括760余人博导,他们辛勤耕耘在教学的第一线,每年为社会输送大批优秀人才,以满足国家各行各业的需要。
高校的中青年教师是学校发展的主体和骨干,他们担负着大量教学任务,且面临着社会的各种竞争和压力,他们长期努力工作,又缺乏自我保健知识和意识,极易导致各种慢性疾病。尤其是近年来,随着高校的扩招,学生数量的增多,教师人员更为紧张,所以高校教师的健康状况不容忽视。
研究目的本文旨在通过对山东大学教职工各个年龄段的身体健康状况的统计与分析,描绘出高校教职工具有的特异性的疾病谱。对中青年教师,博士生导师,退离休教师等身体健康状况进行评价分析,探讨高校教职工主要存在的健康问题及影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施和预防对策提供科学依据。
资料与方法资料来源于2008-2009年山东大学全体教职工健康体检报告。体检总人数3864人,其中,男职工2369人,女职工1495人；汉族3828人,回族28人,其他民族8人；在职教师2772人,其中博导760人,副高及中级职称的教师为1264人,辅教和其他职员748人,在职教工的体检率为97.09%；退休教师1092人,体检率为27.76%。年龄范围在21-89岁,平均年龄是51.33±13.788岁。
本次查体通过询问病史,一般体格检查,各科分类检查,实验室辅助检查等进行高校教职工健康状况监测。对查体结果进行相关分类整理,应用统计软件SPSS17.0建立数据库进行归纳。利用χ2检验对各科疾病和各项体检数据进行单因素分析,利用最优尺度回归和多元逐步回归方法对高校常见病的影响因素进行多因素分析研究。
结果1.研究结果显示高校教师各科病患病率由高到低顺序为：外科、内科、妇科。内科疾病患病率由高到低顺序为：高血压、冠心病、胃肠炎和糖尿病；外科疾病为前列腺增生或肥大、乳腺增生、肾结石和腰椎间盘突出等；妇科为阴道炎或宫颈炎、子宫肌瘤、卵巢囊肿和卵巢囊性包块等。
2.对高校教职工多发、常见病和各项检查的数据,进行描述性分析、率的计算和χ2检验等单因素分析显示：从性别间比较,男性教职工患糖尿病、胃炎和肾结石的患病率明显高于女性教职工。女性教职工患冠心病、乳腺增生和颈椎病的患病率明显高于男性教职工。博导与其他教职工比较,博导的冠心病、高血脂、胃肠炎和肾炎的患病率均高于副高及其他教师,也高于非教师人员。
3.对患病率较高的六种慢性疾病：高血压、冠心病、前列腺增生或肥大、高血脂症、高血糖症和脂肪肝,进行最优尺度回归和多元逐步回归的多因素分析,并显示其危险因素。研究发现,很多慢性病与年龄或性别有一定关系,都是随着年龄的增长而升高,但升高的趋势男女有别。经筛选,与高血压有关的因素为年龄、体重指数、职称、冠心病、性别、饮酒史和民族有关；与脂肪肝有关的因素为体重指数、血糖、血脂、饮酒史、职称、血压、吸烟史和性别有关。
结论与建议高校教职工的主要内、外和妇科的患病率均较高,各种疾病之间互为相关的危险因素,主要不良的生活行为和习惯也是引发各科疾病的危险因素,符合多因素致病,即一果多因,个人生活方式对患病有非常重要的影响；因多病,一体多病,相互关联,相互影响；各科疾病的增长速度均加快,发病向年轻化趋势发展等特点。应将高校教师疾病管理的重点放在改善不良生活行为和习惯,通过预防性保健查体,使教师们做到疾病早发现、早预防、早治疗,以降低患病率,对于常见、多发病的高危人群,建立健康跟踪干预机制,对危险因素进行相应的干预,并进行合理有效的健康教育,保障高校教职工的身心健康。
Background Shandong University is one of country "211 projects" and "985 projects" high level universities which are key construction projects. And it is also one of universities directly under the Ministry of Education that take an important role at internal and abroad. Shandong University has more 40 institutes/schools, who has about 3000 staffs, including 760 Ph.D tutors, working in the teaching students. Every year she transports large quantities of outstanding talented students for the society, and satisfies all the various national trades and occupations needed.
The youth of an university are the school development main body and the backbone, who are undertaking the massive teaching task and facing all kinds of competition and the pressure from the society. They work diligently for a long time, but lack of the self-health care knowledge and consciousness, extremely easy to cause all kinds of chronic diseases. In the recent years, with the increase of the number of the student in the university, the teacher personnel are more anxious; on the other hand, with the increase of the school temporal population, the overlapping infection opportunities increase, the health condition of the teacher in the university is not allowed to be neglected.
Research objective In order to research the health conditions of the teaching and administrative staffs in Shandong University in each age section, the multi-position analysis research was carried to describe the specific disease spectrum which the university community has. To the young teacher, postgraduate candidate teacher, draws back health conditions and so on. The retired teachers were carried on the appraisal analysis, with discussing the influences on the university teaching and administrative staff main healthy question disease spectrum. In view of various aspects findings, for taking the corresponding intervention measure and the prevention countermeasure, we provide the scientific basis. And we carry on the corresponding health education, like achieving disease to discover early, diagnosing early, treating early. We try to help the general teaching and administrative staff to strengthen the physique, to enable the university teachers to display a bigger ability, and to train more outstanding talented students for the society and the country.
Material and method The materials were got from Shandong University all teaching and administrative staff healthy physical examination reported in 2008-2009. The total number of people who attended the physical examination was 3864, male staff was 2369, female staff was 1495; and Han nationality people was 3828, Hui tribe people was 28, other nationality people was 8; there were 2772 office teachers, in which the Ph.D tutors were 760, the associate professor and the intermediate title teachers were 1264, the auxiliary teachers and other staff were 748. The physical examination rate in office teachers and administration staffs is 97.09%; The number of retired teachers are 1092, the physical examination rate is 27.76%.The age scope is 21-89 year old, the average age is 51.33±13.788 years old.
This physical examination was conducted through the inquiry medical history, the general medical examination, various branches classification inspection, the laboratory assistance inspection and so on, on the university staff's state of health monitor. We carry on the correlation classification to the physical examination result to reorganize, deal the induction using the statistical software SPSS 17.0 and establishment database.
Results The research findings on the university teachers'various branches sickness prevalence the rate from high to low order as:Surgical department, internal medicine department, gynecology department. The internal medicine department diseases is rated from high to low order as:Hypertension, coronary disease, gastroenteritis and diabetes; the rating order of surgical department diseases is the prostate gland proliferation or large, the mammary gland proliferation, the kidney stone and the waist intervertebral disc prominent and so on; The order of gynecology department is the vaginitis or the cervicitis. the fibroid, the ovary cyst and bursa ovarica illness and so on.
Analysis on the common disease and each inspection data of the universit y staff by various techniques, has demonstrated:from the sex the comparison, the masculine teaching and administrative staff contracts diabetes, gastritis and t he kidney stone prevalence rate is higher than the feminine teaching and admi nistrative staff obviously. The feminine teaching and administrative staff contrac ts the prevalence rate which coronary disease, the mammary gland proliferation and the cervical vertebra get sick to be higher than the masculine teaching an d administrative staff obviously. Comparing the tutor of a Ph.D. student with o ther teaching and administrative staff, tutor of a Ph.D. student's coronary diseas e, hypertension, diabetes, gastroenteritis and nephritis prevalence rate is higher t han vice-high and other teachers, also is higher than the non-teacher personnel.
To prevalence six kinds of chronic disease in high rate, we carry on the multi-factors the regression analysis to demonstrate its dangerous factor and we find that very many chronic illness and the age or the sex have certain relati ons, all is elevates along with the age growth, but elevates the tendency men and women have leave. After screening, the hypertension related factors are the age, the body weight index, the university title, coronary diseases, the sex, dri nking history, the nationality; the factors for the fatty liver are related to the b ody weight index, the blood sugar, the blood fats, drinks wine history, the uni versity title, the blood pressure, the smoking history, the sex.
Conclusions and recommendations Research crowd bear the high inside and outside and gynecology department's diseases. Between each kind of disease for the related dangerous factor, the not-good life behavior and the custom mutually initiates various branches disease. Individual life style to sick has the extremely important influence. The rate rise of various branch diseases speeds up, is taken bad to characteristics and so on. We should take the key point which manages the university teacher disease place the improvement in not good behavior and the custom, through the regular medical examination, causes the disease to be discovered early, to prevent early, to treat early, and to reduce the prevalence rate. On the inflammation high-risk group and so on, we should carry out the corresponding intervention, and carries on the reasonable effective health education, to improve their health level.
高校的中青年教师是学校发展的主体和骨干,他们担负着大量教学任务,且面临着社会的各种竞争和压力,他们长期努力工作,又缺乏自我保健知识和意识,极易导致各种慢性疾病。尤其是近年来,随着高校的扩招,学生数量的增多,教师人员更为紧张,所以高校教师的健康状况不容忽视。
研究目的本文旨在通过对山东大学教职工各个年龄段的身体健康状况的统计与分析,描绘出高校教职工具有的特异性的疾病谱。对中青年教师,博士生导师,退离休教师等身体健康状况进行评价分析,探讨高校教职工主要存在的健康问题及影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施和预防对策提供科学依据。
资料与方法资料来源于2008-2009年山东大学全体教职工健康体检报告。体检总人数3864人,其中,男职工2369人,女职工1495人；汉族3828人,回族28人,其他民族8人；在职教师2772人,其中博导760人,副高及中级职称的教师为1264人,辅教和其他职员748人,在职教工的体检率为97.09%；退休教师1092人,体检率为27.76%。年龄范围在21-89岁,平均年龄是51.33±13.788岁。
本次查体通过询问病史,一般体格检查,各科分类检查,实验室辅助检查等进行高校教职工健康状况监测。对查体结果进行相关分类整理,应用统计软件SPSS17.0建立数据库进行归纳。利用χ2检验对各科疾病和各项体检数据进行单因素分析,利用最优尺度回归和多元逐步回归方法对高校常见病的影响因素进行多因素分析研究。
结果1.研究结果显示高校教师各科病患病率由高到低顺序为：外科、内科、妇科。内科疾病患病率由高到低顺序为：高血压、冠心病、胃肠炎和糖尿病；外科疾病为前列腺增生或肥大、乳腺增生、肾结石和腰椎间盘突出等；妇科为阴道炎或宫颈炎、子宫肌瘤、卵巢囊肿和卵巢囊性包块等。
2.对高校教职工多发、常见病和各项检查的数据,进行描述性分析、率的计算和χ2检验等单因素分析显示：从性别间比较,男性教职工患糖尿病、胃炎和肾结石的患病率明显高于女性教职工。女性教职工患冠心病、乳腺增生和颈椎病的患病率明显高于男性教职工。博导与其他教职工比较,博导的冠心病、高血脂、胃肠炎和肾炎的患病率均高于副高及其他教师,也高于非教师人员。
3.对患病率较高的六种慢性疾病：高血压、冠心病、前列腺增生或肥大、高血脂症、高血糖症和脂肪肝,进行最优尺度回归和多元逐步回归的多因素分析,并显示其危险因素。研究发现,很多慢性病与年龄或性别有一定关系,都是随着年龄的增长而升高,但升高的趋势男女有别。经筛选,与高血压有关的因素为年龄、体重指数、职称、冠心病、性别、饮酒史和民族有关；与脂肪肝有关的因素为体重指数、血糖、血脂、饮酒史、职称、血压、吸烟史和性别有关。
结论与建议高校教职工的主要内、外和妇科的患病率均较高,各种疾病之间互为相关的危险因素,主要不良的生活行为和习惯也是引发各科疾病的危险因素,符合多因素致病,即一果多因,个人生活方式对患病有非常重要的影响；因多病,一体多病,相互关联,相互影响；各科疾病的增长速度均加快,发病向年轻化趋势发展等特点。应将高校教师疾病管理的重点放在改善不良生活行为和习惯,通过预防性保健查体,使教师们做到疾病早发现、早预防、早治疗,以降低患病率,对于常见、多发病的高危人群,建立健康跟踪干预机制,对危险因素进行相应的干预,并进行合理有效的健康教育,保障高校教职工的身心健康。
Background Shandong University is one of country "211 projects" and "985 projects" high level universities which are key construction projects. And it is also one of universities directly under the Ministry of Education that take an important role at internal and abroad. Shandong University has more 40 institutes/schools, who has about 3000 staffs, including 760 Ph.D tutors, working in the teaching students. Every year she transports large quantities of outstanding talented students for the society, and satisfies all the various national trades and occupations needed.
The youth of an university are the school development main body and the backbone, who are undertaking the massive teaching task and facing all kinds of competition and the pressure from the society. They work diligently for a long time, but lack of the self-health care knowledge and consciousness, extremely easy to cause all kinds of chronic diseases. In the recent years, with the increase of the number of the student in the university, the teacher personnel are more anxious; on the other hand, with the increase of the school temporal population, the overlapping infection opportunities increase, the health condition of the teacher in the university is not allowed to be neglected.
Research objective In order to research the health conditions of the teaching and administrative staffs in Shandong University in each age section, the multi-position analysis research was carried to describe the specific disease spectrum which the university community has. To the young teacher, postgraduate candidate teacher, draws back health conditions and so on. The retired teachers were carried on the appraisal analysis, with discussing the influences on the university teaching and administrative staff main healthy question disease spectrum. In view of various aspects findings, for taking the corresponding intervention measure and the prevention countermeasure, we provide the scientific basis. And we carry on the corresponding health education, like achieving disease to discover early, diagnosing early, treating early. We try to help the general teaching and administrative staff to strengthen the physique, to enable the university teachers to display a bigger ability, and to train more outstanding talented students for the society and the country.
Material and method The materials were got from Shandong University all teaching and administrative staff healthy physical examination reported in 2008-2009. The total number of people who attended the physical examination was 3864, male staff was 2369, female staff was 1495; and Han nationality people was 3828, Hui tribe people was 28, other nationality people was 8; there were 2772 office teachers, in which the Ph.D tutors were 760, the associate professor and the intermediate title teachers were 1264, the auxiliary teachers and other staff were 748. The physical examination rate in office teachers and administration staffs is 97.09%; The number of retired teachers are 1092, the physical examination rate is 27.76%.The age scope is 21-89 year old, the average age is 51.33±13.788 years old.
This physical examination was conducted through the inquiry medical history, the general medical examination, various branches classification inspection, the laboratory assistance inspection and so on, on the university staff's state of health monitor. We carry on the correlation classification to the physical examination result to reorganize, deal the induction using the statistical software SPSS 17.0 and establishment database.
Results The research findings on the university teachers'various branches sickness prevalence the rate from high to low order as:Surgical department, internal medicine department, gynecology department. The internal medicine department diseases is rated from high to low order as:Hypertension, coronary disease, gastroenteritis and diabetes; the rating order of surgical department diseases is the prostate gland proliferation or large, the mammary gland proliferation, the kidney stone and the waist intervertebral disc prominent and so on; The order of gynecology department is the vaginitis or the cervicitis. the fibroid, the ovary cyst and bursa ovarica illness and so on.
Analysis on the common disease and each inspection data of the universit y staff by various techniques, has demonstrated:from the sex the comparison, the masculine teaching and administrative staff contracts diabetes, gastritis and t he kidney stone prevalence rate is higher than the feminine teaching and admi nistrative staff obviously. The feminine teaching and administrative staff contrac ts the prevalence rate which coronary disease, the mammary gland proliferation and the cervical vertebra get sick to be higher than the masculine teaching an d administrative staff obviously. Comparing the tutor of a Ph.D. student with o ther teaching and administrative staff, tutor of a Ph.D. student's coronary diseas e, hypertension, diabetes, gastroenteritis and nephritis prevalence rate is higher t han vice-high and other teachers, also is higher than the non-teacher personnel.
To prevalence six kinds of chronic disease in high rate, we carry on the multi-factors the regression analysis to demonstrate its dangerous factor and we find that very many chronic illness and the age or the sex have certain relati ons, all is elevates along with the age growth, but elevates the tendency men and women have leave. After screening, the hypertension related factors are the age, the body weight index, the university title, coronary diseases, the sex, dri nking history, the nationality; the factors for the fatty liver are related to the b ody weight index, the blood sugar, the blood fats, drinks wine history, the uni versity title, the blood pressure, the smoking history, the sex.
Conclusions and recommendations Research crowd bear the high inside and outside and gynecology department's diseases. Between each kind of disease for the related dangerous factor, the not-good life behavior and the custom mutually initiates various branches disease. Individual life style to sick has the extremely important influence. The rate rise of various branch diseases speeds up, is taken bad to characteristics and so on. We should take the key point which manages the university teacher disease place the improvement in not good behavior and the custom, through the regular medical examination, causes the disease to be discovered early, to prevent early, to treat early, and to reduce the prevalence rate. On the inflammation high-risk group and so on, we should carry out the corresponding intervention, and carries on the reasonable effective health education, to improve their health level.
引文
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