‘四季花’龙眼成花规律以及调控机制研究
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摘要
研究了‘四季花'龙眼周年四次成花的树体生理状态、内源激素变化规律和花芽形态分化进程,以及喷施多效唑、主枝环割和新梢摘心等调控措施对花芽分化和内源激素含量的影响,取得了以下结果:
1.‘四季花'龙眼树龄与成花的关系的研究表明,4年以上树龄树周年内均能四批次成花,4～8年生树随着树龄增大,成花率提高。冬梢更有利于花芽形成。
2.结果母枝粗度是影响成花的一个重要因素,当季成花的结果母枝的直径为0.46 cm～0.51 cm,不能成花的为0.39 cm～0.42 cm。
3.夏梢叶色变化是当季花芽分化的外观指标,结果母枝的叶色由淡绿色转为淡黄色者,成花率达100%。其它季节花芽分化叶色变化不明显。
4.叶面喷施多效唑、主枝环割和新梢摘心处理均可促进成花,成花率较对照分别提高了48.3%、18.7%和8.5%。多效唑处理在提高成花率的同时,还能促进结果母枝枝径的增粗生长,增加了每穗花量和雌花数。
5.自然花芽分化的未分化期、花序原基分化期和一级花序分化期的ABA含量要低于支花序和花器官分化期及雄蕊和雌蕊器官建成期,四次梢中,花芽分化过程的任何时期ABA含量都要高于GA_3、ZR_S和IAA的含量。
6.喷施多效唑处理后,四次抽梢的花芽分化期,GA_3含量降低、ABA和ZR_S含量增加;在未分化期、花序原基分化期和一级花序分化期,IAA含量降低;最终导致花芽分化期内ZR_S/GA_3、ABA/IAA、ZR_S/IAA和ABA/GA_3比值升高,促进了‘四季花'龙眼花芽分化。
7.主枝环割处理,在四次抽梢过程的花芽分化期内,ABA含量增加;主枝环割和新梢摘心处理促使ZR_S含量缓慢增长、并维持IAA含量低于自然成花状态,促进了‘四季花'龙眼花芽分化。
1.When a tree is＞4 years old,it flowered yearly for 4 time.Trees from 4 to 8 years old,the older one took more chances to flowering for its shoots.Moreover,winter shoots inclined to form floral differentiation.
2.The diameter of bearing-base-shoot is a critical factor,shoots with 0.46 cm～0.51 cm in diameter can form flower in its first growth season,and that with 0.39cm～0.42 cm can not.
3.For the summer shoot,leaf colour is an exterior indicator to evaluate floral differentiation, if the colour turned from light-green to yellowish,it would form flower undoubtedly. However,shoots developed in other season usually lack obvious change in leaf colour.
4.Practices,e.g.spaying PP_(333) on leaves,ring girdling at main branches and topping new shoot can promote floral bud differentition by 48.3%、18.7%and 8.5%,respectively, compared with that of CK.Of which,spaying PP_(333) received extra advantages,e.g.it enlarged the bearing-base-shoot and increased the number of flowers and female flowers.
5.In the natural floral differentiation process,ABA content is lower in the stages of before the flower formation,the differentiation phase of inflorescences primordium and the differentiation phase of first order inflorescences than the stages of the differentiation phase of lateral inflorescence and floral organ or the differentiation phase of the stamens and the pistils.ABA content were always higher than that of GA_3,ZR_S and IAA in each natural floral differentiation.
6.Spaying PP_(333) declined GA_3 content but increased that of ABA and ZR_S,which making a further effect of decreasing the IAA content in three stages of before the flower formation, the differentiation phase of inflorescences primordium and the differentiation phase of first order inflorescences,and resulting to higher values of ZR_S/GA_3、ABA/IAA、ZR_S/IAA and ABA/GA_3,and finally,accelerating flowering.
7.Ring girdling at main branches enhanced the ABA content.At the same time,it,as well as topping new shoot,raised ZRs content gradually and brought IAA down content to a level lower than that showed in natural floral formation.These conditions in turn induced floral differentiation.
1.‘四季花'龙眼树龄与成花的关系的研究表明,4年以上树龄树周年内均能四批次成花,4～8年生树随着树龄增大,成花率提高。冬梢更有利于花芽形成。
2.结果母枝粗度是影响成花的一个重要因素,当季成花的结果母枝的直径为0.46 cm～0.51 cm,不能成花的为0.39 cm～0.42 cm。
3.夏梢叶色变化是当季花芽分化的外观指标,结果母枝的叶色由淡绿色转为淡黄色者,成花率达100%。其它季节花芽分化叶色变化不明显。
4.叶面喷施多效唑、主枝环割和新梢摘心处理均可促进成花,成花率较对照分别提高了48.3%、18.7%和8.5%。多效唑处理在提高成花率的同时,还能促进结果母枝枝径的增粗生长,增加了每穗花量和雌花数。
5.自然花芽分化的未分化期、花序原基分化期和一级花序分化期的ABA含量要低于支花序和花器官分化期及雄蕊和雌蕊器官建成期,四次梢中,花芽分化过程的任何时期ABA含量都要高于GA_3、ZR_S和IAA的含量。
6.喷施多效唑处理后,四次抽梢的花芽分化期,GA_3含量降低、ABA和ZR_S含量增加;在未分化期、花序原基分化期和一级花序分化期,IAA含量降低;最终导致花芽分化期内ZR_S/GA_3、ABA/IAA、ZR_S/IAA和ABA/GA_3比值升高,促进了‘四季花'龙眼花芽分化。
7.主枝环割处理,在四次抽梢过程的花芽分化期内,ABA含量增加;主枝环割和新梢摘心处理促使ZR_S含量缓慢增长、并维持IAA含量低于自然成花状态,促进了‘四季花'龙眼花芽分化。
1.When a tree is＞4 years old,it flowered yearly for 4 time.Trees from 4 to 8 years old,the older one took more chances to flowering for its shoots.Moreover,winter shoots inclined to form floral differentiation.
2.The diameter of bearing-base-shoot is a critical factor,shoots with 0.46 cm～0.51 cm in diameter can form flower in its first growth season,and that with 0.39cm～0.42 cm can not.
3.For the summer shoot,leaf colour is an exterior indicator to evaluate floral differentiation, if the colour turned from light-green to yellowish,it would form flower undoubtedly. However,shoots developed in other season usually lack obvious change in leaf colour.
4.Practices,e.g.spaying PP_(333) on leaves,ring girdling at main branches and topping new shoot can promote floral bud differentition by 48.3%、18.7%and 8.5%,respectively, compared with that of CK.Of which,spaying PP_(333) received extra advantages,e.g.it enlarged the bearing-base-shoot and increased the number of flowers and female flowers.
5.In the natural floral differentiation process,ABA content is lower in the stages of before the flower formation,the differentiation phase of inflorescences primordium and the differentiation phase of first order inflorescences than the stages of the differentiation phase of lateral inflorescence and floral organ or the differentiation phase of the stamens and the pistils.ABA content were always higher than that of GA_3,ZR_S and IAA in each natural floral differentiation.
6.Spaying PP_(333) declined GA_3 content but increased that of ABA and ZR_S,which making a further effect of decreasing the IAA content in three stages of before the flower formation, the differentiation phase of inflorescences primordium and the differentiation phase of first order inflorescences,and resulting to higher values of ZR_S/GA_3、ABA/IAA、ZR_S/IAA and ABA/GA_3,and finally,accelerating flowering.
7.Ring girdling at main branches enhanced the ABA content.At the same time,it,as well as topping new shoot,raised ZRs content gradually and brought IAA down content to a level lower than that showed in natural floral formation.These conditions in turn induced floral differentiation.
引文
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