小肽制品对生长肥育猪生产性能和猪肉品质的影响
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摘要
为了探讨在饲料中添加小肽制品、小肽+微生态的复合添加剂对生长肥育猪的生长性能、消化性能和猪肉品质的影响，试验选用48头15kg左右的杜大长三元杂交猪，分3个处理组：①对照组，②小肽组，③小肽+微生态的复合组。饲养试验划分为15～30kg(仔猪)、30～60kg(生长猪)、60～90kg(肥育猪)三个阶段，在每一阶段的中期进行消化试验，饲养试验结束时进行屠宰试验，测定胴体性状、猪肉品质和药物残留等指标。
结果表明：(1)小肽组在仔猪和生长猪阶段，日增重与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05)；在肥育猪阶段，与对照组比较，日增重提高了10.14％，差异显著(P＜0.05)，料重比和单位增重饲料成本分别降低了8.15％、5.99％。
(2)复合组在仔猪阶段，日增重与其它组差异不显著(P＞0.05)；生长猪阶段，日增重分别比对照组和小肽组提高了8.99％和11.08％，差异显著(P＜0.05)；肥育猪阶段，日增重比对照组提高了14.85％，差异极显著(P＜0.01)。与对照组比较，每头猪的直接经济效益增加了35.92元，提高了23.43％。
(3)在仔猪阶段，日粮蛋白质消化率差异不显著(P＞0.05)；在生长猪和肥育猪阶段，小肽组和复合组均高于对照组，差异显著(P＜0.05)。能量消化率在仔猪和肥育猪阶段，差异不显著(P＞0.05)；在生长猪阶段，小肽组和复合组均高于对照组，差异显著(P＜0.05)。
(4)小肽组和复合组对猪胴体性状、猪肉品质的影响不显著(P＞0.05)。
(5)三个组的猪肉药物残留量和重金属残留量均符合我国规定的“无公害猪肉”的标准。
根据以上结果，小肽制品可以替代饲料中的抗生素、抗菌药物添加剂；小肽+微生态制剂的复合组的促生长效果优于小肽制品单独使用的效果。
A total of 48 crossbred pigs (Duroc x Yorkshire x Landrace) were used to determine the effects of small peptides and the mixture of peptides and probiotics on growth, digestion and meat quality of growing-finishing pig . Treatment including: (1)control group, (2)small peptides supplemented group, (3)the combination of small peptides and probiotics group. The feeding trail was divided into three growing stages: 15-30kg, 30~60kg ,60~90kg. Digestion trail was conducted in the middle period of each growing stage. Slaughter trail was conducted at the end of the feeding trail to analyze the carcass characteristics, the meat quality and physical-chemical index of the remains.
The results showed that: (1) Daily weight gain of small peptide group, no significant effect was observed during the 15~30kg and 30~60kg growing stage. Compared with that of control group, small peptide group had increased the daily weight gain by 10.14% during 60~90kg growing stage(P<0.05), and decreased ratio of feed to gain by 8.15%, decreased feed cost per kg weight by 5.99%.
(2)There was no significant effect was observed in daily weight gain during the 15~30kg growing stage for the combination group. Compared with that of control group and small peptide group, the daily weight gain of combination group increased by 8.99% and 11.08% during 30~60kg growing stage(p<0.05). Compared with control group, the daily weight gain of the combination group significantly increased by 14.85% during 60~90kg growing stage (p<0.01). Income per pig of the combination group was 35.92 yuan higher than control group, increased by 23.43%.
(3) No significant effect was observed in the digestibility of protein during 15-30kg growing stage, but significant effect was observed during the 30~60kg and 60~90kg growing stage(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in digestibility of energy during the 15~30kg and 60~90kg growing stage, significant effect was observed during the 30-60kg growing stage(p<0.05).
(4) Dietary treatments had no significant effect on carcass characteristics and meat quality.
(5) The residues of drugs and the heavy metal content in meat of all groups matched the standard of "no Public Harm Food".
Based on the above results, it is suggested that small peptide preparation could be an alternative of antibiotic. Combined supplementation of small peptides preparation and probiotics had better effects on growth than small peptides supplementation only.
结果表明：(1)小肽组在仔猪和生长猪阶段，日增重与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05)；在肥育猪阶段，与对照组比较，日增重提高了10.14％，差异显著(P＜0.05)，料重比和单位增重饲料成本分别降低了8.15％、5.99％。
(2)复合组在仔猪阶段，日增重与其它组差异不显著(P＞0.05)；生长猪阶段，日增重分别比对照组和小肽组提高了8.99％和11.08％，差异显著(P＜0.05)；肥育猪阶段，日增重比对照组提高了14.85％，差异极显著(P＜0.01)。与对照组比较，每头猪的直接经济效益增加了35.92元，提高了23.43％。
(3)在仔猪阶段，日粮蛋白质消化率差异不显著(P＞0.05)；在生长猪和肥育猪阶段，小肽组和复合组均高于对照组，差异显著(P＜0.05)。能量消化率在仔猪和肥育猪阶段，差异不显著(P＞0.05)；在生长猪阶段，小肽组和复合组均高于对照组，差异显著(P＜0.05)。
(4)小肽组和复合组对猪胴体性状、猪肉品质的影响不显著(P＞0.05)。
(5)三个组的猪肉药物残留量和重金属残留量均符合我国规定的“无公害猪肉”的标准。
根据以上结果，小肽制品可以替代饲料中的抗生素、抗菌药物添加剂；小肽+微生态制剂的复合组的促生长效果优于小肽制品单独使用的效果。
A total of 48 crossbred pigs (Duroc x Yorkshire x Landrace) were used to determine the effects of small peptides and the mixture of peptides and probiotics on growth, digestion and meat quality of growing-finishing pig . Treatment including: (1)control group, (2)small peptides supplemented group, (3)the combination of small peptides and probiotics group. The feeding trail was divided into three growing stages: 15-30kg, 30~60kg ,60~90kg. Digestion trail was conducted in the middle period of each growing stage. Slaughter trail was conducted at the end of the feeding trail to analyze the carcass characteristics, the meat quality and physical-chemical index of the remains.
The results showed that: (1) Daily weight gain of small peptide group, no significant effect was observed during the 15~30kg and 30~60kg growing stage. Compared with that of control group, small peptide group had increased the daily weight gain by 10.14% during 60~90kg growing stage(P<0.05), and decreased ratio of feed to gain by 8.15%, decreased feed cost per kg weight by 5.99%.
(2)There was no significant effect was observed in daily weight gain during the 15~30kg growing stage for the combination group. Compared with that of control group and small peptide group, the daily weight gain of combination group increased by 8.99% and 11.08% during 30~60kg growing stage(p<0.05). Compared with control group, the daily weight gain of the combination group significantly increased by 14.85% during 60~90kg growing stage (p<0.01). Income per pig of the combination group was 35.92 yuan higher than control group, increased by 23.43%.
(3) No significant effect was observed in the digestibility of protein during 15-30kg growing stage, but significant effect was observed during the 30~60kg and 60~90kg growing stage(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in digestibility of energy during the 15~30kg and 60~90kg growing stage, significant effect was observed during the 30-60kg growing stage(p<0.05).
(4) Dietary treatments had no significant effect on carcass characteristics and meat quality.
(5) The residues of drugs and the heavy metal content in meat of all groups matched the standard of "no Public Harm Food".
Based on the above results, it is suggested that small peptide preparation could be an alternative of antibiotic. Combined supplementation of small peptides preparation and probiotics had better effects on growth than small peptides supplementation only.
引文
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[3] 冯定远，于旭华．生物技术在动物营养和饲料工业中的应用[J]．饲料工业，2001，22(10)：1-7．
[4] 蔡元丽，谢幼梅．小肽在动物营养中的研究情况及其应用[J]．江西饲料，2002(2)：11—13．
[5] 晏向华，擢明仁，黎观红，等．动物营养中小肽的营养研究新进展[J]．广东饲料，2000，9(3)：22-25．
[6] 乐国伟，施用晖，杨凤．肽在动物蛋白质营养中的作用——小肽在动物氨基酸吸收中的作用[J]．四川农业大学学报，1996(14增刊)：19-26．
[7] PinchasouV, Mendonca C X grid Jensen L S, Broiler chick response to low pretein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids. Poultry Science, 1990, 69(11):1950-1955.
[8] Jensen, L. S. Are peptides needed for optimun animal nutrition? Feed management 1991, 42:37-40.
[9] 乐国伟，施用晖，端木道，等．肽在动物蛋白质营养中的作用——肽在动物组织蛋白质代谢中作用[J]．四川农业大学学报，1996(14增刊)：27-36．
[10] 王岗，卢德勋，岳守忠．肽的吸收与利用[J]．饲料广角，2002(8)：17-18，14．
[11] Fei, Y. J., Y. Kanai, S. Hussberger, V. Ganapathy, F. H. Leibach, M. F. Romero, S. K. Singh. W. F. Boron, and M. A. Hediger. Expression cloniny of a mammalian proton-coupled digopeptide transporter. Nature. 1994. 368:563-566.
[12] Adibi, S. A., S. Schenker, and E. Morse. Mechanism of chearance and transfer of dipeptides by perfused human placenta. Am. J. Physiol, 1996, 271(3):E535-E540.
[13] 袁书林，陈海燕，杨明君，等．小肽营养研究进展，中国饲料，2000(1)：26-28。等．小肽营养研究进展[J]．中国饲料，2000(1)：26-28．
[14] Ziodron C, Streaty R A and Klee W A. Opioid peptides derived from food proteins[J]. Biol Chem, 1979(254):2446-2449.
[15] Boisclar, Y. R., A. W. Bell, F. R. Dunshea, M. Harkins, and D. E. Bauman. Evaluation of the arteriovenous difference technique to simultaneously estimate protein synthesis and degradation in the hindlimb of fed and chronically underfed steers[J]. Hutr, 1993, 123(6):1076-1088.
[16] Boza, J. J., O. Martinez-Augustin, L. Baro, M. D. Suarz, and Gil, A. Protien V. enzymic protein hydrolysates: nitrogen utilization in starved rats. Brit[J]. Nutr, 1995, 73:65-71.
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