智能CAD/CAPP中特征及资源建模
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摘要
CAPP的智能化是CAPP发展的重要方向，它根据各种工艺决策逻辑和知识库自动设计出零件的工艺规程，并实现与CAD、CAM系统的集成。因而工艺决策方法以及各种知识库和数据库的建立也成为智能CAPP的关键问题。
本文在综合分析了零件设计与制造过程中各种信息的相互关联性，基于特征建模方法的原理，提出了过程特征的概念，给出了过程特征的定义，意义，并采用面向对象方法建立了基于过程特征的零件信息模型。不仅为CAPP提供零件信息模型，也为面向制造的设计系统开发提供技术支持。
本文通过定义的过程特征，不仅描述零件的信息模型，同时建立过程特征与加工方法、采用的刀具，以及刀具与机床间的联系，建立了面向对象的数据模型，从而构造统一的数据库。
在上述分析的基础上，利用面向对象模型向关系数据库的映射规则，开发了零件信息、机床、刀具和工艺数据库的原型系统，通过测试验证了过程特征概念在CAPP系统中不仅有助于建立各种数据库，知识库的有机联系，便于知识的使用，同时也便于工艺方法的推理，为智能化CAPP、CAD/CAPP集成系统以及面向制造的设计系统等开发和应用提供了技术支持。
The Integration of CAPP with intelligence is one of the most important trends of CAPP. Based on some decision-making logics and knowledge databases, an intelligent CAPP creates the process for parts automatically and realizes the integration of CAD and CAM systems. According to this, the construction of the process decision-making logics and knowledge databases are the two most important parts of intelligent CAPP.
With synthesis analysis of the relationship of the information in both product design and manufacturing process, and on basis of the basic theory of feature modeling, a new concept-transition feature is presented and defined in this thesis. With the O-O method a product model is constructed based on the transition features, and the model provides not only product model for the CAPP, but also the technical support for the development of DFM system.
The transition features are used to describe the product model and the relationship with manufacturing process, relationship with cutter, relationship with machine tools and cutters, an O-O data model is constructed in order that a united database is formed.
Based on the analysis above and the correspondence rules between O-O model and relational database, a prototype is developed which consists of product design, machine tools, cutter and process databases. The prototype shows that the concept of transition is proved to be helpful to the relationship establishment of various databases and knowledge base, and the use of knowledge and the decision-making of the process. All of these are helpful to the construction of intelligent CAPP and CAD/CAPP integrated system, and the development and application of DFM.
本文在综合分析了零件设计与制造过程中各种信息的相互关联性，基于特征建模方法的原理，提出了过程特征的概念，给出了过程特征的定义，意义，并采用面向对象方法建立了基于过程特征的零件信息模型。不仅为CAPP提供零件信息模型，也为面向制造的设计系统开发提供技术支持。
本文通过定义的过程特征，不仅描述零件的信息模型，同时建立过程特征与加工方法、采用的刀具，以及刀具与机床间的联系，建立了面向对象的数据模型，从而构造统一的数据库。
在上述分析的基础上，利用面向对象模型向关系数据库的映射规则，开发了零件信息、机床、刀具和工艺数据库的原型系统，通过测试验证了过程特征概念在CAPP系统中不仅有助于建立各种数据库，知识库的有机联系，便于知识的使用，同时也便于工艺方法的推理，为智能化CAPP、CAD/CAPP集成系统以及面向制造的设计系统等开发和应用提供了技术支持。
The Integration of CAPP with intelligence is one of the most important trends of CAPP. Based on some decision-making logics and knowledge databases, an intelligent CAPP creates the process for parts automatically and realizes the integration of CAD and CAM systems. According to this, the construction of the process decision-making logics and knowledge databases are the two most important parts of intelligent CAPP.
With synthesis analysis of the relationship of the information in both product design and manufacturing process, and on basis of the basic theory of feature modeling, a new concept-transition feature is presented and defined in this thesis. With the O-O method a product model is constructed based on the transition features, and the model provides not only product model for the CAPP, but also the technical support for the development of DFM system.
The transition features are used to describe the product model and the relationship with manufacturing process, relationship with cutter, relationship with machine tools and cutters, an O-O data model is constructed in order that a united database is formed.
Based on the analysis above and the correspondence rules between O-O model and relational database, a prototype is developed which consists of product design, machine tools, cutter and process databases. The prototype shows that the concept of transition is proved to be helpful to the relationship establishment of various databases and knowledge base, and the use of knowledge and the decision-making of the process. All of these are helpful to the construction of intelligent CAPP and CAD/CAPP integrated system, and the development and application of DFM.
引文
1 孙家广.计算机辅助设计技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社.2000: 247-248
2 郭企全.CAD/CAM基础教程.北京:电子工业出版社.1997:146-147
3 李志刚,肖景荣.模具计算机辅助设计.武汉:华中理工大学出版社.1991:6-7
4 王先逵等.CAPP研究动向浅析.全国高等学校机械加工自动化研究会议论文集.大连.1995:1-6
5 T.C.Chang, R.A.Wysk.工艺过程自动设计导论.西安:西北工业大学出版社.1988:16-17
6 肖伟跃.CAPP中的智能信息处理技术.长沙:国防科技大学出版社. 2002:1-2
7 王先逵,赵杰等.智能型机械结构零件和部件工艺过程设计系统ICAPP-MS.计算机辅助设计与制造.1995, 4 (3):23-25
8 唐荣锡.CAD/CAM技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.1994:11-13
9 曾定文等.适应于CAPP的特征造型系统——特征造型模型研究.南昌航空工业学院学报.1990, 2:29-31
10 蔡力钢.CAD/CAM集成环境下回转体类零件CAPP系统HZ-RCAP.华中理工大学学报.1995, 23(6):83-87
11 孙正兴等.基于特征的零件信息研究.计算机辅助设计与制造.1995, 7:34-38
12 吴锡英.GT与先进制造技术.全国高等学校机械加工自动化研究会议论文集.大连.1995:7-9
13 罗学科.计算机辅助制造.北京:化学工业出版社.2001:70-71
14 赵汝嘉,孙波.计算机辅助工艺设计(CAPP) .北京:机械工业出版社. 2003:144-145
15 何志钧,董金样,杨小虎.产品数据表达与交换标准STEP及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社.1993:1-13
16 V.S.Desai, S.S.Pande.GFM-An Interactive Feature Modeller for CAPP of Rotational Components. Computer-Aided Engineer Journal. 1991, 10: 217-220
17 J.L.H.Luo, W.C.K.Wong, L.Ma.Object-Oriented Modeling for CAPP Open Architecture. Computer Integrated Manufacturing.1997, 10(1-4): 74-82
18 Kim C S, Grady P JD.A representation for malism for feature-based design.Computer-Aided Design, 1996,281(6-7):451-480
19 Shah J J, Rogers M T.Functional requirements and conceptual design of the features-based modeling system.Computer-Aided Tngineering Journal, 1988, 5(1):9-15
20 Juri A H, Saia A.Reasoning about maching operations using feature-based models.Int J Prod Res, 1990, 28(1):153-171
21 J.W.Selte.A Feature-based Representation of Parts for CAD.BS Thesis, ME Department, MIT.1978:1-56
22 F.L.Krause, F.Kimur.Product Modeling.Annals of the CIRP.1993, 42(2):659-706
23 O.Wsalonons, F.J.A.Houten and H.J.J.Kalsv. Review in Research in Feature-Based Design.Manufacturing System.1993, 12(2):113-132
24 Wee-hock Yeo. Knowledre-Based Feature Recognizer for Machining. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems.1994, 7(1):29-37
25 Ming-Tzong Wang, A.Marcella.Manufacturing Feature Extraction and Machined Volume Decomposition in a Computer-Integrated Feature-based Design and Manufacturing Planning Environment. Computer in Industry.1993, 23:75-86
26 K.Case and J.Gao.Feature Technology: An Overview. Int.J.Computer Integrated Manufacturing.1993, 6(1-2):2-12
27 S.C.Luby, J.R.Dixon and M.K.Simmons. Creating and Using a Feature Database.Computers in Mechanical Engeering.1986:32-33
28 K.Cetal, Chan.A Framework for Feature-based Application.Computers Ind.Engineering.1993, 24(2):151-152
29 M.J.Pratt, P.R.Wilson.Requriement for Support of Form Features in a Solid Modeling System.CAM-I, Report R-85-ASPP-01.1985:1524-1525
30 P.R.Wilson.Feature Modeling Overview.In:SIGGRAPH Course Notes: Solid Modeling-Architectures.Mathematics and Algorithms, SIGGRAPH' 90 Conferens, Dallas, Tx.1990:499-500
31 Van't Erve A.H.ComPuter Aided Process Planning for Part Manufacturing, An Expert System Approach.PhD Thesis,University of Twente, Enschede, 1988:24-25
32 J.Cunningham, J.R.Dixon. Designing with Features: the Origin of Features. Proc.ASME Computers in Engineering Conf.. San Francisco, USA.1988: 24-25
33 奚立峰.可重构式CAPP系统的理论体系及其应用.[上海交通大学博士学位论文].1995:33-34，55-56
34 J.J.Shah,M.T.Rogers.Expert for Features for Solid Modiling.Geometric Modeling for CAD Application. North-Holland, Amsterdam. 1988: 125 -136
35 杨安建, 白作霖.CAPP专家系统开发工具中的若干问题的研究与实现.计算机辅助设计与制造.1998，8:23-25
36 乔良, 李原.基于特征的CAD/CAPP/CAM集成方法研究.机械工艺自动化.1999, 2:13-15
37 王先逵，李志忠.用信息元法构造CAPP系统框架.机械工程学报.1999，6:2-6
38 A.A.G.Requicha and S.C.Chan. Representation of Geometric Features, tolerances, and Attributes in Solid Modelers Based on Constructive GeomeTry. IEEE J.Robot&Autom.1986, 2(3):150-156
39 U.Roy, C.R.Liu. Feature Based Representational Scheme of a Solid Modeler for Providing Dimension and Tolerance information.Computer in engineering.1993, 5:1574-1582
40 L.P.Wickens.A Syntax for Tolerances.Tobot&CIM.1988, 4(314): 1869 -1877
41 俞研，陶俐言，朱光宇，等.CAD/CAM集成系统中的特征分类与描述方法研究.制造业自动化.2000，22(1):30-32
42 张华书.并行环境下基于特征的零件定义模型.机械科学与技术.1999，18(1):141-144
43 王红军.一种实用的基于特征的产品建模系统.西南工学院学报。1999，14(4):24-27
44 盛步云.企业集成化动态制造资源建模.武汉汽车工业大学学报, 1997, 22(2):19-21
45 陈云, 严隽琪, 方明伦.基于面向对象与CAPP技术的制造环境模型研究.机械工程学报, 1996, 32(4):5-10
46 Changxue Feng, Andrew k.Constraint-based design of parts.CAD, 1995, 27(5) :343-352
47 Kjiellberg T, Bohlin M.Design of a manufacturing resource information system.Annals of the CIRP, 1996, 45(1) :149-152
48 Gao J X, Huang X X.Product and manufacturing capability modeling in integrated CAD/process planning environmengt. Int.J.Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1996, (11) :43-51
49 Case K.Using a design by features CAD system for process capability modeling.Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, 1994, 7(1):39-49
50 邵新宇，李培根，马卫东，等.CIM及并行工程中的设备环境建模.华中理工大学学报, 1995, 23(2):14-17
51 宋玉银，褚秀萍，蔡复之.基于STEP的制造资源能力建模及其应用研究.计算机集成制造系统.1999，5(4):46-50
52 李金良，陈恩平.集成CAD/CAPP的制造资源扩展实体联系模型. 组合机床与自动化加工技术.2001,11(4):14-16
53 王丽亚，严隽琪.面向对象的制造环境建模研究.上海交通大学学报.1996，2(30):110-116
54 王华栋, 王润孝.基于O-O方法的CAPP系统制造资源结构建模.制造业自动化.2003，8(25):25-29
55 Kim C S, Grady P JD. A representation formalism for feature-based design. Computer-Aided Design, 1996,281(6-7):451-480
56 宋长新.CAD/CAPP/CAM系统的零件特征建模.西安工业学院学报. 1998, 2(18):120-123
57 曾芬芳, 景旭文.智能制造概论.北京:清华大学出版社.2001:87-88
58 许国玉, 单忠臣, 刘志强.回转体零件特征建模及信息提取.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2002，23:106-109
59 BIDARRA R, BRONSVOORT W F.Semantic feature modeling.Computer- Aided Design, 2001, 32(3):201-205
60 李金良, 王军.CAD/CAPP集成环境下工序图形的自动创成方法的研究.现代制造工程, 2002, 8:27-29
61 张云勇.移动Agent及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2002:107-110
62 曾令友, 郁鼎文, 张玉峰.通用CAPP系统中制造资源管理系统的研究.制造技术与机床.2003, 1:76-78
63 林凯, 赵晓华.面向对象的关系数据库设计.计算机世界. 1998(31):47-52
64 曹山河, 罗玉平, 夏巨谌.CAPP系统关系数据库的设计.计算机应用. 2001，5:61-64
2 郭企全.CAD/CAM基础教程.北京:电子工业出版社.1997:146-147
3 李志刚,肖景荣.模具计算机辅助设计.武汉:华中理工大学出版社.1991:6-7
4 王先逵等.CAPP研究动向浅析.全国高等学校机械加工自动化研究会议论文集.大连.1995:1-6
5 T.C.Chang, R.A.Wysk.工艺过程自动设计导论.西安:西北工业大学出版社.1988:16-17
6 肖伟跃.CAPP中的智能信息处理技术.长沙:国防科技大学出版社. 2002:1-2
7 王先逵,赵杰等.智能型机械结构零件和部件工艺过程设计系统ICAPP-MS.计算机辅助设计与制造.1995, 4 (3):23-25
8 唐荣锡.CAD/CAM技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.1994:11-13
9 曾定文等.适应于CAPP的特征造型系统——特征造型模型研究.南昌航空工业学院学报.1990, 2:29-31
10 蔡力钢.CAD/CAM集成环境下回转体类零件CAPP系统HZ-RCAP.华中理工大学学报.1995, 23(6):83-87
11 孙正兴等.基于特征的零件信息研究.计算机辅助设计与制造.1995, 7:34-38
12 吴锡英.GT与先进制造技术.全国高等学校机械加工自动化研究会议论文集.大连.1995:7-9
13 罗学科.计算机辅助制造.北京:化学工业出版社.2001:70-71
14 赵汝嘉,孙波.计算机辅助工艺设计(CAPP) .北京:机械工业出版社. 2003:144-145
15 何志钧,董金样,杨小虎.产品数据表达与交换标准STEP及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社.1993:1-13
16 V.S.Desai, S.S.Pande.GFM-An Interactive Feature Modeller for CAPP of Rotational Components. Computer-Aided Engineer Journal. 1991, 10: 217-220
17 J.L.H.Luo, W.C.K.Wong, L.Ma.Object-Oriented Modeling for CAPP Open Architecture. Computer Integrated Manufacturing.1997, 10(1-4): 74-82
18 Kim C S, Grady P JD.A representation for malism for feature-based design.Computer-Aided Design, 1996,281(6-7):451-480
19 Shah J J, Rogers M T.Functional requirements and conceptual design of the features-based modeling system.Computer-Aided Tngineering Journal, 1988, 5(1):9-15
20 Juri A H, Saia A.Reasoning about maching operations using feature-based models.Int J Prod Res, 1990, 28(1):153-171
21 J.W.Selte.A Feature-based Representation of Parts for CAD.BS Thesis, ME Department, MIT.1978:1-56
22 F.L.Krause, F.Kimur.Product Modeling.Annals of the CIRP.1993, 42(2):659-706
23 O.Wsalonons, F.J.A.Houten and H.J.J.Kalsv. Review in Research in Feature-Based Design.Manufacturing System.1993, 12(2):113-132
24 Wee-hock Yeo. Knowledre-Based Feature Recognizer for Machining. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems.1994, 7(1):29-37
25 Ming-Tzong Wang, A.Marcella.Manufacturing Feature Extraction and Machined Volume Decomposition in a Computer-Integrated Feature-based Design and Manufacturing Planning Environment. Computer in Industry.1993, 23:75-86
26 K.Case and J.Gao.Feature Technology: An Overview. Int.J.Computer Integrated Manufacturing.1993, 6(1-2):2-12
27 S.C.Luby, J.R.Dixon and M.K.Simmons. Creating and Using a Feature Database.Computers in Mechanical Engeering.1986:32-33
28 K.Cetal, Chan.A Framework for Feature-based Application.Computers Ind.Engineering.1993, 24(2):151-152
29 M.J.Pratt, P.R.Wilson.Requriement for Support of Form Features in a Solid Modeling System.CAM-I, Report R-85-ASPP-01.1985:1524-1525
30 P.R.Wilson.Feature Modeling Overview.In:SIGGRAPH Course Notes: Solid Modeling-Architectures.Mathematics and Algorithms, SIGGRAPH' 90 Conferens, Dallas, Tx.1990:499-500
31 Van't Erve A.H.ComPuter Aided Process Planning for Part Manufacturing, An Expert System Approach.PhD Thesis,University of Twente, Enschede, 1988:24-25
32 J.Cunningham, J.R.Dixon. Designing with Features: the Origin of Features. Proc.ASME Computers in Engineering Conf.. San Francisco, USA.1988: 24-25
33 奚立峰.可重构式CAPP系统的理论体系及其应用.[上海交通大学博士学位论文].1995:33-34，55-56
34 J.J.Shah,M.T.Rogers.Expert for Features for Solid Modiling.Geometric Modeling for CAD Application. North-Holland, Amsterdam. 1988: 125 -136
35 杨安建, 白作霖.CAPP专家系统开发工具中的若干问题的研究与实现.计算机辅助设计与制造.1998，8:23-25
36 乔良, 李原.基于特征的CAD/CAPP/CAM集成方法研究.机械工艺自动化.1999, 2:13-15
37 王先逵，李志忠.用信息元法构造CAPP系统框架.机械工程学报.1999，6:2-6
38 A.A.G.Requicha and S.C.Chan. Representation of Geometric Features, tolerances, and Attributes in Solid Modelers Based on Constructive GeomeTry. IEEE J.Robot&Autom.1986, 2(3):150-156
39 U.Roy, C.R.Liu. Feature Based Representational Scheme of a Solid Modeler for Providing Dimension and Tolerance information.Computer in engineering.1993, 5:1574-1582
40 L.P.Wickens.A Syntax for Tolerances.Tobot&CIM.1988, 4(314): 1869 -1877
41 俞研，陶俐言，朱光宇，等.CAD/CAM集成系统中的特征分类与描述方法研究.制造业自动化.2000，22(1):30-32
42 张华书.并行环境下基于特征的零件定义模型.机械科学与技术.1999，18(1):141-144
43 王红军.一种实用的基于特征的产品建模系统.西南工学院学报。1999，14(4):24-27
44 盛步云.企业集成化动态制造资源建模.武汉汽车工业大学学报, 1997, 22(2):19-21
45 陈云, 严隽琪, 方明伦.基于面向对象与CAPP技术的制造环境模型研究.机械工程学报, 1996, 32(4):5-10
46 Changxue Feng, Andrew k.Constraint-based design of parts.CAD, 1995, 27(5) :343-352
47 Kjiellberg T, Bohlin M.Design of a manufacturing resource information system.Annals of the CIRP, 1996, 45(1) :149-152
48 Gao J X, Huang X X.Product and manufacturing capability modeling in integrated CAD/process planning environmengt. Int.J.Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1996, (11) :43-51
49 Case K.Using a design by features CAD system for process capability modeling.Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, 1994, 7(1):39-49
50 邵新宇，李培根，马卫东，等.CIM及并行工程中的设备环境建模.华中理工大学学报, 1995, 23(2):14-17
51 宋玉银，褚秀萍，蔡复之.基于STEP的制造资源能力建模及其应用研究.计算机集成制造系统.1999，5(4):46-50
52 李金良，陈恩平.集成CAD/CAPP的制造资源扩展实体联系模型. 组合机床与自动化加工技术.2001,11(4):14-16
53 王丽亚，严隽琪.面向对象的制造环境建模研究.上海交通大学学报.1996，2(30):110-116
54 王华栋, 王润孝.基于O-O方法的CAPP系统制造资源结构建模.制造业自动化.2003，8(25):25-29
55 Kim C S, Grady P JD. A representation formalism for feature-based design. Computer-Aided Design, 1996,281(6-7):451-480
56 宋长新.CAD/CAPP/CAM系统的零件特征建模.西安工业学院学报. 1998, 2(18):120-123
57 曾芬芳, 景旭文.智能制造概论.北京:清华大学出版社.2001:87-88
58 许国玉, 单忠臣, 刘志强.回转体零件特征建模及信息提取.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2002，23:106-109
59 BIDARRA R, BRONSVOORT W F.Semantic feature modeling.Computer- Aided Design, 2001, 32(3):201-205
60 李金良, 王军.CAD/CAPP集成环境下工序图形的自动创成方法的研究.现代制造工程, 2002, 8:27-29
61 张云勇.移动Agent及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2002:107-110
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