高应力大断面破碎煤巷支护技术研究
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摘要
随着现代化矿井高产高效综合机械化开采技术的不断发展,煤矿的开采强度和规模大幅度增加,矿井开采不断向纵深方向发展,地质条件越来越复杂,地应力越来越高,煤矿巷道普遍存在着施工难度大、支护结构变形开裂、使用寿命短、修复率高等特点。同时,为满足矿井通风、运输及大型设备的安装等要求,巷道断面尺寸也越来越大。巷道埋藏深、断面大显著增加了支护难度,特别是在围岩松软破碎条件下,大断面巷道支护问题尤为突出,巷道极易出现冒顶、片帮和底鼓等,给巷道的维护带来了很大的困难,严重影响了煤矿的安全高效生产。高应力大断面破碎煤层巷道的支护技术已成为一个亟待解决的问题。
论文以龙固煤矿北区胶带运输大巷支护问题为背景,在对工程特性充分认识的基础上,从研究高应力大断面破碎煤巷围岩变形破坏机理入手,详细分析了破碎煤巷的围岩变形破坏特征、变形破坏影响因素及破坏机理,并从力学角度对围岩变形机制进行了深入分析；在详细分析了巷道的支护理念及支护形式选择的基础上,提出了高应力大断面破碎煤层巷道的支护原则,并针对实际工程提出了重点加固两帮、帮角和顶板的固帮强顶注浆支护技术；通过UDEC离散元软件对破碎煤层巷道锚网索带喷注浆联合支护效果进行模拟分析,将理论分析和实际工程紧密地联结在一起,验证了滞后注浆加固技术的合理性;通过对滞后注浆加固特点进行分析,确定了主要注浆参数,并利用数值模拟方法对巷道支护锚杆的布置间距、锚杆长度、注浆压力及注浆加固范围进行了优化设计。
通过上述分析和研究,本文建立了针对高应力大断面破碎煤层巷道支护的较为完整的理论体系和支护措施,对同类工程具有较高的参考和应用价值。
With the development of full-mechanized mining technology with high production and high efficiency of modern mine, mining intensity and scale of mine increased greatly, mine mining gradually developing in depth, the geological conditions becoming more and more complicated and the in-situ stress increasingly high, all the above cause the phenomena of big construction difficulties, supporting structure deformation and cracking, short service life and highly repair rate universal existence. Meanwhile, in order to meet the need of ventilation, coal transportation, equipment installation and so on, roadway section also becomes larger and larger. The support difficulties significantly increased with deep burial and big section of the tunnel. Large section roadway supporting questions especially prominent, in the condition of it's surrounding rocks weak and friable, which brings great trouble to the maintenance of roadway and seriously affected the safety and high effective product of coal mines. The supporting technology of broken seam roadway with high stress and large section has become an imperative problem to be solved.
The paper uses the support questions of beiqu belt conveyer transportation tunnel of Longgu Mine as its background. On the basis of fully understand of its engineering characteristics, the paper firstly studied the surroundings'deformation and failure mechanism of broken seam roadway with high stress and large section, detailed analysis are made to describe the distortion and failure features, influence factors and failure mechanism of broken seam roadway, moreover, a deep analysis was made for the surroundings'deformation mechanism from the mechanical point of view. On the basis of detailed analysis of roadway supporting ideas and the selection of supporting form, the paper puts forward a supporting principle of broken seam roadway with high stress and large section. Also, the of reinforcing sides and roof grouting support technology, mainly reinforce the roof, two sides and bottom angle, was proposed according to the practical project. The supporting effect of bolt-net-cable-belt-shotcrete-grouting combined support was simulated and analyzed by UDEC distinct element analysis software, which closely connect with theory analysis and actual project, further verified the reasonability of lag grouting reinforcement technology. Finally, the grouting parameters were determined through the analysis of lag grouting reinforcement characteristics, and the method of numerical simulation was used to optimize the parameters of anchor space, anchor length, grouting pressure and grouting depth.
Through the above analysis and research, the paper established a more complete theoretical system and support measures, which has higher reference and application value for similar engineering.
论文以龙固煤矿北区胶带运输大巷支护问题为背景,在对工程特性充分认识的基础上,从研究高应力大断面破碎煤巷围岩变形破坏机理入手,详细分析了破碎煤巷的围岩变形破坏特征、变形破坏影响因素及破坏机理,并从力学角度对围岩变形机制进行了深入分析；在详细分析了巷道的支护理念及支护形式选择的基础上,提出了高应力大断面破碎煤层巷道的支护原则,并针对实际工程提出了重点加固两帮、帮角和顶板的固帮强顶注浆支护技术；通过UDEC离散元软件对破碎煤层巷道锚网索带喷注浆联合支护效果进行模拟分析,将理论分析和实际工程紧密地联结在一起,验证了滞后注浆加固技术的合理性;通过对滞后注浆加固特点进行分析,确定了主要注浆参数,并利用数值模拟方法对巷道支护锚杆的布置间距、锚杆长度、注浆压力及注浆加固范围进行了优化设计。
通过上述分析和研究,本文建立了针对高应力大断面破碎煤层巷道支护的较为完整的理论体系和支护措施,对同类工程具有较高的参考和应用价值。
With the development of full-mechanized mining technology with high production and high efficiency of modern mine, mining intensity and scale of mine increased greatly, mine mining gradually developing in depth, the geological conditions becoming more and more complicated and the in-situ stress increasingly high, all the above cause the phenomena of big construction difficulties, supporting structure deformation and cracking, short service life and highly repair rate universal existence. Meanwhile, in order to meet the need of ventilation, coal transportation, equipment installation and so on, roadway section also becomes larger and larger. The support difficulties significantly increased with deep burial and big section of the tunnel. Large section roadway supporting questions especially prominent, in the condition of it's surrounding rocks weak and friable, which brings great trouble to the maintenance of roadway and seriously affected the safety and high effective product of coal mines. The supporting technology of broken seam roadway with high stress and large section has become an imperative problem to be solved.
The paper uses the support questions of beiqu belt conveyer transportation tunnel of Longgu Mine as its background. On the basis of fully understand of its engineering characteristics, the paper firstly studied the surroundings'deformation and failure mechanism of broken seam roadway with high stress and large section, detailed analysis are made to describe the distortion and failure features, influence factors and failure mechanism of broken seam roadway, moreover, a deep analysis was made for the surroundings'deformation mechanism from the mechanical point of view. On the basis of detailed analysis of roadway supporting ideas and the selection of supporting form, the paper puts forward a supporting principle of broken seam roadway with high stress and large section. Also, the of reinforcing sides and roof grouting support technology, mainly reinforce the roof, two sides and bottom angle, was proposed according to the practical project. The supporting effect of bolt-net-cable-belt-shotcrete-grouting combined support was simulated and analyzed by UDEC distinct element analysis software, which closely connect with theory analysis and actual project, further verified the reasonability of lag grouting reinforcement technology. Finally, the grouting parameters were determined through the analysis of lag grouting reinforcement characteristics, and the method of numerical simulation was used to optimize the parameters of anchor space, anchor length, grouting pressure and grouting depth.
Through the above analysis and research, the paper established a more complete theoretical system and support measures, which has higher reference and application value for similar engineering.
引文
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2.付厚利,宋秀群,茅晓辉.深埋HJ复合型软岩硐室导硐法让压效果研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,28(6)：45-50
3.康红普.煤巷锚杆支护成套技术研究与实践[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(21)：3959-3964
4. 张占涛.大断面煤层巷道围岩变形特征与支护参数研究[D].重庆：煤炭科学研究总院,2009
5.王永岩.软岩巷道变形与压力分析控制及预测[D].阜新：辽宁工程技术大学,2001
6.张宝安.深部软岩回采巷道高应力复杂条件下锚网索复合支护研究[D].阜新：辽宁工程技术大学,2004
7. 陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1994
8.倪振强.深埋复合型软岩大断面硐室导硐法施工及支护技术研究[D].青岛：山东科技大学,2009
9.何满潮主编.中国煤矿软岩巷道文护理论与实践[M],徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1996,124-132
10.何满潮,县玉书,王同良,郑雨天,冯豫.软岩的概念及其分类[J],中国CSBM软岩工程专业委目会第二届学术大会论文集,1999,37-47
11.何满潮.软岩巷道变形力学机制的探讨[J],软岩工程,1992(1)：46-51
12.何满潮,袁和生等.中国煤矿锚杆支护理论与实践[M].科学出版社,2004
13.郭志宏,董方庭.围岩松动圈与巷道支护[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,1995,(3)：111-114
14.宋宏伟,郭志宏,周荣章,董方庭.围岩松动圈巷道支护理论的基本观点[J],建井技术,1994,(4)：3-9
15.董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏,鹿守敏,梁士杰.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J],煤炭学报,1994,19(1)：21-31
16.苏永华,方祖烈,高谦.用响应面方法分析特殊地下岩体空间的可靠性[J],岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(1)：55-58
17.陈清作,方祖烈,高谦,刘淑云.地下矿山岩石工程设计机理路径分析方法[J],金 属矿山,2000,(3)：9-11
18.马钺,方祖烈,马强.岩石力学离散介质数值方法及应用程序研究综述[J],东北煤炭技术,1999,(3)：17-22
19.方祖烈.拉压域特征及主次承载区的维护理论[J],中国CSRM软岩工程专业委员会第二届学米大会论文集,1999,48-51
20.郑雨天.岩石力学的弹塑粘性理论基础[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1988
21.郑雨天,朱浮声.预应力锚杆体系[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,1995,(1)：2-8
22.郑雨天,朱浮声,吴兴春.井巷整体式支护的合理厚度[J],煤炭学报,1994,19(3)：263-269
23.朱浮声,郑雨天.关于巷道锚喷加固设计[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,1995,(3)：132-134
24.朱浮声,郑雨天.全长粘结式锚杆的加固作用分析[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1996,(15)：333-337
25.郑雨天,朱浮声.巷道围岩特性曲线量测原理和方法[J],煤炭学报,1995,20(2)：130-134
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