层状岩体地下洞室稳定性评价理论与支护设计方法研究
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摘要
如何合理评价层状岩体地下洞室稳定性及支护设计是工程界研究的热点难题。国内外学者虽已在理论上和实践应用上对其进行了较系统、全面的研究,并取得了大量的研究成果,但针对层状岩体地下洞室的研究却不够系统。本论文以层状岩体工程地质特性的研究为基础,以层状岩体地下洞室的变形机制、破坏模式、稳定性评价等研究为内容,探讨了层状岩体地下洞室的稳定性评价及支护方法,取得如下成果：
(1)以层状岩体的岩层厚度,层间结合状况,岩质的软硬程度等为划分依据,针对地下洞室,将层状岩体划分为整体结构、块体结构、硬层状结构、互层状结构、软层状结构和薄层状结构6种类型。
(2)以各种岩体结构为研究对象,收集相应岩体结构野外和实验室中所出现的破坏形式,采用较为合理的评价理论,逐一讨论了在此类结构中的岩体是否稳定,并提出了相应的判据。
(3)层状岩体地下洞室可划分为弯折破坏、倾倒破坏和底板鼓起等典型破坏模式,并可综合采用强度判据、极限应变判据和位移判据,来判别层状岩体地下洞室的围岩稳定性。
(4)在分析地下洞室锚喷支护原理的基础上,分析了锚杆在层状岩体地下洞室中的支护原理；重点针对层状岩体地下洞室拱顶落石和边墙溃屈破坏模式,阐述了普通锚杆和预应力锚杆的计算方法,及喷层厚度和锚杆布置根数的计算方法。
(5)根据本文得出的洞室稳定性评价方法,以沪瑞国道主干线贵阳至清镇段牛角山隧道工程右幅隧道为例,使用FLAC3D数值软件对其进行了稳定性分析。
本论文较全面、系统地研究了对层状岩体地下洞室失稳机理、稳定性评价理论及支护设计方法。论文的完成,对解决工程难题、指导工程实践、发展洞室支护理论等有一定的理论意义及参考价值。
It is focus and difficulty to evaluate the stability about stratified rock in underground caverns and design shoring in field of engineering. Scholars in and abroad have studied both in theory and practice systematically and comprehensively, and high-level research achievements have obtained, but the research on the evaluation theory of stability about stratified rock in underground caverns is also lack. This paper based on the engineering geological characteristic of stratified rock, taking the mechanism of deformation, the model of breaking, stability evaluation of stability about stratified rock in underground caverns as the study contents, systematically studied the stability about stratified rock in underground caverns and the method of design shoring. The following conclusions were made in this study:
(1)Based on the combination condition of interlayer,the hardness of rocks and so on, stratified rock in the underground caverns were divided into integral structure,block structure, hard layered structure, cross layered structure, flexible layered structure and thin layered structure six types.
(2)Take structure of rock mass as the study object, collected the damage form of the corresponding rock structure in field and laboratory, discussed the stability in the rock structure using reasonable assessment theory, and the corresponding criterion have been proposed.
(3)Stratified rock in underground caverns can be divided into bending damage, the dumping of damage, floor plump up three damage models. Strength, limit strain and displacement can be used to determine the stability about surrounding rock in underground caverns.
(4)Based on analyzing bolt-spray support theory, quested the principle of bolt-spray in underground caverns. Focusing on the roof caving of layered rock in underground rock caverns and the damage model of side wall toppling, calculation method of common anchor arm,inherent stress of anchor arm, thickness of spray-up and disposition numerical measure of anchor arm were elaborated.
(5)According to the evaluation theory of stability about underground caverns, take the Niujiao mountain right range tunnel construction on Guiyang to Qingzhen paragraph of Hurui national trunk highway as example, analysed the stability of caverns by using FLAC3D numerical software.
In this paper, a more comprehensive, systematic study of the layered rock in underground caverns instability mechanism and the theory of stability studies have been carried out, it is very important to solve problems, guide engineering practice, support the development of cavity theory, and the theory and application prospects will be signality.
(1)以层状岩体的岩层厚度,层间结合状况,岩质的软硬程度等为划分依据,针对地下洞室,将层状岩体划分为整体结构、块体结构、硬层状结构、互层状结构、软层状结构和薄层状结构6种类型。
(2)以各种岩体结构为研究对象,收集相应岩体结构野外和实验室中所出现的破坏形式,采用较为合理的评价理论,逐一讨论了在此类结构中的岩体是否稳定,并提出了相应的判据。
(3)层状岩体地下洞室可划分为弯折破坏、倾倒破坏和底板鼓起等典型破坏模式,并可综合采用强度判据、极限应变判据和位移判据,来判别层状岩体地下洞室的围岩稳定性。
(4)在分析地下洞室锚喷支护原理的基础上,分析了锚杆在层状岩体地下洞室中的支护原理；重点针对层状岩体地下洞室拱顶落石和边墙溃屈破坏模式,阐述了普通锚杆和预应力锚杆的计算方法,及喷层厚度和锚杆布置根数的计算方法。
(5)根据本文得出的洞室稳定性评价方法,以沪瑞国道主干线贵阳至清镇段牛角山隧道工程右幅隧道为例,使用FLAC3D数值软件对其进行了稳定性分析。
本论文较全面、系统地研究了对层状岩体地下洞室失稳机理、稳定性评价理论及支护设计方法。论文的完成,对解决工程难题、指导工程实践、发展洞室支护理论等有一定的理论意义及参考价值。
It is focus and difficulty to evaluate the stability about stratified rock in underground caverns and design shoring in field of engineering. Scholars in and abroad have studied both in theory and practice systematically and comprehensively, and high-level research achievements have obtained, but the research on the evaluation theory of stability about stratified rock in underground caverns is also lack. This paper based on the engineering geological characteristic of stratified rock, taking the mechanism of deformation, the model of breaking, stability evaluation of stability about stratified rock in underground caverns as the study contents, systematically studied the stability about stratified rock in underground caverns and the method of design shoring. The following conclusions were made in this study:
(1)Based on the combination condition of interlayer,the hardness of rocks and so on, stratified rock in the underground caverns were divided into integral structure,block structure, hard layered structure, cross layered structure, flexible layered structure and thin layered structure six types.
(2)Take structure of rock mass as the study object, collected the damage form of the corresponding rock structure in field and laboratory, discussed the stability in the rock structure using reasonable assessment theory, and the corresponding criterion have been proposed.
(3)Stratified rock in underground caverns can be divided into bending damage, the dumping of damage, floor plump up three damage models. Strength, limit strain and displacement can be used to determine the stability about surrounding rock in underground caverns.
(4)Based on analyzing bolt-spray support theory, quested the principle of bolt-spray in underground caverns. Focusing on the roof caving of layered rock in underground rock caverns and the damage model of side wall toppling, calculation method of common anchor arm,inherent stress of anchor arm, thickness of spray-up and disposition numerical measure of anchor arm were elaborated.
(5)According to the evaluation theory of stability about underground caverns, take the Niujiao mountain right range tunnel construction on Guiyang to Qingzhen paragraph of Hurui national trunk highway as example, analysed the stability of caverns by using FLAC3D numerical software.
In this paper, a more comprehensive, systematic study of the layered rock in underground caverns instability mechanism and the theory of stability studies have been carried out, it is very important to solve problems, guide engineering practice, support the development of cavity theory, and the theory and application prospects will be signality.
引文
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[20]张玉军,唐仪兴.层状岩体强度异向性地下洞室的有限元分析[J].地下空间,1999,19(1)：30～34.
[21]张晓春,缪协兴.层状岩体中洞室围岩层裂及破坏的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11)：1645～1650.
[22]张发明,庞正江,郭丙跃等.层状岩体开挖洞室围岩块体稳定分析及锚固方法[J].水文地质与工程地质,2005,(5)：39～43.
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[24]张玉军,唐仪兴.考虑层状岩体强度异向性的地下洞室平面有限元分析[J].岩土工程学 报,1999,21(3)：307～309.
[26]黄达,康大合,段康廉.水平应力对洞室软弱互层顶板岩体破坏的数值模拟研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2004,35(3)：299～303.
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[29]杨重存,刘高,赵志福等.复杂地质条件下公路隧道信息化施工技术研究[M].兰州：兰州大学出版社,2005.
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