公路隧道围岩大变形的预测预报与对策研究
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摘要
本文在广泛收集国内外大量隧道及地下工程围岩大变形实例和对隧道及地下工程围岩大变形典型实例研究,提出了围岩大变形的定义和围岩大变形类型、机制的划分体系,建立了一套进行围岩大变形综合预测预报方法体系,探讨了围岩大变形支护工程对策的思路,将这套预测预报体系和支护对策思路在鹧鸪山隧道、二郎山隧道进行了实施和应用,取得了明显的效果。研究工作主要获得以下成果:
(1) 提出了围岩大变形的定义。根据对国内外大量隧道及地下工程围岩大变形实例的分析研究,目前在大变形的理论研究以及工程实践上,概念是含糊的,没有一个明确的定义。作者把大变形界定为除了岩爆运动脆性破坏和围岩松动圈中受限于一定结构面控制的坍塌、滑动等破坏以外的围岩变形破坏,其特点是具有累进性和明显时间效应的塑性变形破坏。这样就可以把围岩的塑性变形破坏—大变形与围岩的脆性破坏—岩爆、以及围岩松动圈中受限于一定结构面控制的坍塌、滑动等区别开来。
(2) 提出了隧道工程围岩大变形类型、机制系统的划分原则和分类体系。根据受控条件将围岩大变形划分为岩性控制型、岩体结构控制型、人工扰动影响型三个大类,八个亚类,四个次亚类。在分类中,注意到了由于地下开采引起围岩大变形和受浅表生改造大变形。对围岩大变形的变形化机制划分为九种主要变形机制类型。大变形类型系统、机制的划分,为大变形预测预报和工程对策的制定提供了依据。
(3) 建立了一套以围岩地质分析与围岩地质跟踪调查、应力场的测试、室内分析、数值模拟分析、现场围岩位移监测、大变形类型与机制分析、趋势预测分析相结合的在施工过程具可操作性、便于工程实践应用的大变形预测预报研究方法和体系。这套系统在鹧鸪山隧道、二郎山隧道的工程实践进行了实施与应用,取得了良好的效果,并可推广应用于其它工程的大变形预测预报。
(4) 建立了一套以围岩地质分析为基础、以FLAC~(3D)数值模拟分析各种支护结构加固围岩的机理为工具、以围岩支护效果监测为检验手段的隧道施工过程隧道围岩支护对策的思路。通过对鹧鸪山隧道支护结构的加固机理研究,认为围岩大变形支护对策采用锚杆、钢筋网喷射混凝土、钢拱架和超前管棚的联合支护结构对软弱围岩大变形的支护效果是良好的。通过数值模拟和围岩支护的监测分析和工程实践和检验,类似像鹧鸪山隧道围岩地质条件所发生的轻度围岩大变形,可以通过增大支护结构刚度进行防治。
Based on extensive information collection of great wall rock distortion models and their related research of a good number of tunnels and underground engineering at home and abroad, the thesis presents the definition and classified system of great wall rock distortion, builds a method system used in complex forecast of great wall rock distortion, discusses the thoughts of supporting engineering countermeasures of great wall rock distortion. The forecast system and supporting countermeasures have been carried out successfully at ZHEGUSHAN tunnel and ERLANGSHAN tunnel. The research results mainly include as follows:(1) Great wall rock distortion is defined. Based on the analysis of great wall rock distortion models of a good number of tunnels and underground engineering at home and abroad, the concept concerning the theory research and engineering practices of great distortion is a matter of confusion. The author defines the great distortion as those damages except brittle damages of rock blasting movement and collapse confined by a certain constructional surface in wall rock flexible circles. It is a kind of plastic distortion damage with the character of progression and obvious time effect. In this way, plastic distortion damage—great distortion, wall rock brittle damage—rock blasting and collapse confined by a certain constructional surface in wall rock flexible circles can be divided clearly.(2) The thesis presents classified principle and system of types and mechanism of great wall rock distortion of tunnel engineering. According to the controlling conditions, great wall rock distortion is divided into three big types of Hthology controlling type, rock structure controlling type and human action influencing type, eight small types and four hypo-small types. Attention has been paid to the great distortion caused by underground exploitation and surface environmental change. The mechanism of great wall rock distortion mainly includes nine types. The classification of types and mechanism provides reference for forecast and engineering countermeasures of great distortion.(3) The thesis builds an applicable method system of great distortion forecast through the combination of wall rock geology analysis, geology follow-up investigation, stress field tests, numerical simulation analysis, and wall rock displacement inspection, mechanism and trend analysis. The forecast system has been carried out successfully at ZHEGUSHAN tunnel and ERLANGSHAN tunnel. It can be used in great distortion
(1) 提出了围岩大变形的定义。根据对国内外大量隧道及地下工程围岩大变形实例的分析研究,目前在大变形的理论研究以及工程实践上,概念是含糊的,没有一个明确的定义。作者把大变形界定为除了岩爆运动脆性破坏和围岩松动圈中受限于一定结构面控制的坍塌、滑动等破坏以外的围岩变形破坏,其特点是具有累进性和明显时间效应的塑性变形破坏。这样就可以把围岩的塑性变形破坏—大变形与围岩的脆性破坏—岩爆、以及围岩松动圈中受限于一定结构面控制的坍塌、滑动等区别开来。
(2) 提出了隧道工程围岩大变形类型、机制系统的划分原则和分类体系。根据受控条件将围岩大变形划分为岩性控制型、岩体结构控制型、人工扰动影响型三个大类,八个亚类,四个次亚类。在分类中,注意到了由于地下开采引起围岩大变形和受浅表生改造大变形。对围岩大变形的变形化机制划分为九种主要变形机制类型。大变形类型系统、机制的划分,为大变形预测预报和工程对策的制定提供了依据。
(3) 建立了一套以围岩地质分析与围岩地质跟踪调查、应力场的测试、室内分析、数值模拟分析、现场围岩位移监测、大变形类型与机制分析、趋势预测分析相结合的在施工过程具可操作性、便于工程实践应用的大变形预测预报研究方法和体系。这套系统在鹧鸪山隧道、二郎山隧道的工程实践进行了实施与应用,取得了良好的效果,并可推广应用于其它工程的大变形预测预报。
(4) 建立了一套以围岩地质分析为基础、以FLAC~(3D)数值模拟分析各种支护结构加固围岩的机理为工具、以围岩支护效果监测为检验手段的隧道施工过程隧道围岩支护对策的思路。通过对鹧鸪山隧道支护结构的加固机理研究,认为围岩大变形支护对策采用锚杆、钢筋网喷射混凝土、钢拱架和超前管棚的联合支护结构对软弱围岩大变形的支护效果是良好的。通过数值模拟和围岩支护的监测分析和工程实践和检验,类似像鹧鸪山隧道围岩地质条件所发生的轻度围岩大变形,可以通过增大支护结构刚度进行防治。
Based on extensive information collection of great wall rock distortion models and their related research of a good number of tunnels and underground engineering at home and abroad, the thesis presents the definition and classified system of great wall rock distortion, builds a method system used in complex forecast of great wall rock distortion, discusses the thoughts of supporting engineering countermeasures of great wall rock distortion. The forecast system and supporting countermeasures have been carried out successfully at ZHEGUSHAN tunnel and ERLANGSHAN tunnel. The research results mainly include as follows:(1) Great wall rock distortion is defined. Based on the analysis of great wall rock distortion models of a good number of tunnels and underground engineering at home and abroad, the concept concerning the theory research and engineering practices of great distortion is a matter of confusion. The author defines the great distortion as those damages except brittle damages of rock blasting movement and collapse confined by a certain constructional surface in wall rock flexible circles. It is a kind of plastic distortion damage with the character of progression and obvious time effect. In this way, plastic distortion damage—great distortion, wall rock brittle damage—rock blasting and collapse confined by a certain constructional surface in wall rock flexible circles can be divided clearly.(2) The thesis presents classified principle and system of types and mechanism of great wall rock distortion of tunnel engineering. According to the controlling conditions, great wall rock distortion is divided into three big types of Hthology controlling type, rock structure controlling type and human action influencing type, eight small types and four hypo-small types. Attention has been paid to the great distortion caused by underground exploitation and surface environmental change. The mechanism of great wall rock distortion mainly includes nine types. The classification of types and mechanism provides reference for forecast and engineering countermeasures of great distortion.(3) The thesis builds an applicable method system of great distortion forecast through the combination of wall rock geology analysis, geology follow-up investigation, stress field tests, numerical simulation analysis, and wall rock displacement inspection, mechanism and trend analysis. The forecast system has been carried out successfully at ZHEGUSHAN tunnel and ERLANGSHAN tunnel. It can be used in great distortion
引文
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