CNG站储气井安全检测方法研究
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摘要
本文针对CNG站储气井地下套管的安全状况,在现代测试理论的基础上,提出组合测量法对地下套管的内外缺陷进行测量,特别是对储气井地下套管的腐蚀缺陷宽度、深度及方位的定量检测;设计激光三角测量系统,完成了模拟套管内壁腐蚀缺陷大小、深度的测试实验;利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对含有腐蚀缺陷套管进行漏磁检测仿真研究,进而对储气井套管安全性进行分析评价。
本文首先对比分析了激光测距的优缺点,提出激光三角法对套管内壁腐蚀缺陷检测方法,实验验证了套管内腐蚀缺陷检测是可行的;使用ANSYS分析软件对漏磁检测进行建模和仿真研究,绘制出套管磁特性曲线图(B-H图),得到了近套管处漏磁场的漏磁信号空间分布图等结果,通过进一步分析绘制不同腐蚀深度矩形缺陷的漏磁场法向分量(B_x)波形,根据仿真数据判断套管的缺陷的等效宽度及深度等缺陷参数与漏磁信号的关系,由此建立模版数据库将有助于提高漏磁检测分析效率;根据塑性断裂力学准则和第四强度理论,用有限元法计算了套管抗挤毁强度和抗内压强度与磨损偏心距的关系;提出对含有缺陷地下套管剩余强度评价方法。论文研究将磁学模拟仿真与室内激光测试实验相结合,提出的组合测试方法能部分弥补当前CNG站储气井套管检测手段不足的问题,对进一步研究实用型套管检测装置、确保CNG站安全有重要参考价值。
In order to improve the safety status of the CNG station gas storage well, the paper mainly introduces the internal-external defect measurement of the CNG station gas storage well on the basis of the present test theory and the modular test, at the same time also comes up with the best test plan, so as to test the defect area, depth and the orientation of the CNG station gas storage well. The laser triangle ranging system has been designed, and goes on the simulation test of the casing's defect area and depth by the means of the lab transducer, the simulation test of the casing's magnetic flux leakage testing also has been done by the software of ANSYS finite element method and analyze and value the safety of gas storge well casing.
The paper analyzed the good points and bad points of the laser ranging, and advanced the laser triangle ranging method to test internal casing, and the method's possibility has been confirmed to test the defect of the tubular. the system modelling is been established using the ANSYS software to magnetic flux leakage testing, and the casing's magnetic property graph (B-H) is also been drawn, at last we can calculate the leak magnetic(B_X) distribution in space, the different corrosion depth's defect magnetic motive density graph is been drawn. On the basis of the calculated data we established stencil-plate database, to increase efficiency of magnetic flux leakage testing.On the theory of the plastic fracture mechanics, the fourth strength and the finite element method, we can get the relation of the destroy strength, the inner pressure strengths and bearing strengths, at last we can come up with the defect casing residul strength evaluation method. The paper studied the combine of magnitics simulation and the laser test indoor experiment, and advanced test mathed can offset CNG station gas stroge well casing testing, which important reference value to study practicability set and insure CNG station safety.
本文首先对比分析了激光测距的优缺点,提出激光三角法对套管内壁腐蚀缺陷检测方法,实验验证了套管内腐蚀缺陷检测是可行的;使用ANSYS分析软件对漏磁检测进行建模和仿真研究,绘制出套管磁特性曲线图(B-H图),得到了近套管处漏磁场的漏磁信号空间分布图等结果,通过进一步分析绘制不同腐蚀深度矩形缺陷的漏磁场法向分量(B_x)波形,根据仿真数据判断套管的缺陷的等效宽度及深度等缺陷参数与漏磁信号的关系,由此建立模版数据库将有助于提高漏磁检测分析效率;根据塑性断裂力学准则和第四强度理论,用有限元法计算了套管抗挤毁强度和抗内压强度与磨损偏心距的关系;提出对含有缺陷地下套管剩余强度评价方法。论文研究将磁学模拟仿真与室内激光测试实验相结合,提出的组合测试方法能部分弥补当前CNG站储气井套管检测手段不足的问题,对进一步研究实用型套管检测装置、确保CNG站安全有重要参考价值。
In order to improve the safety status of the CNG station gas storage well, the paper mainly introduces the internal-external defect measurement of the CNG station gas storage well on the basis of the present test theory and the modular test, at the same time also comes up with the best test plan, so as to test the defect area, depth and the orientation of the CNG station gas storage well. The laser triangle ranging system has been designed, and goes on the simulation test of the casing's defect area and depth by the means of the lab transducer, the simulation test of the casing's magnetic flux leakage testing also has been done by the software of ANSYS finite element method and analyze and value the safety of gas storge well casing.
The paper analyzed the good points and bad points of the laser ranging, and advanced the laser triangle ranging method to test internal casing, and the method's possibility has been confirmed to test the defect of the tubular. the system modelling is been established using the ANSYS software to magnetic flux leakage testing, and the casing's magnetic property graph (B-H) is also been drawn, at last we can calculate the leak magnetic(B_X) distribution in space, the different corrosion depth's defect magnetic motive density graph is been drawn. On the basis of the calculated data we established stencil-plate database, to increase efficiency of magnetic flux leakage testing.On the theory of the plastic fracture mechanics, the fourth strength and the finite element method, we can get the relation of the destroy strength, the inner pressure strengths and bearing strengths, at last we can come up with the defect casing residul strength evaluation method. The paper studied the combine of magnitics simulation and the laser test indoor experiment, and advanced test mathed can offset CNG station gas stroge well casing testing, which important reference value to study practicability set and insure CNG station safety.
引文
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[4]舒干,李现东,赵志超等.套管损坏机理研究.江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(1):60-63
[5]Yudovich A.Casing deformation in Ekofisk.J.Pet.Tech.1998,41(7):429-434
[6]张效羽,赵国珍,张先普编.国内外套管损坏研究概况及发展动向.石油机械,1996,24(9):52-54.
[7]周明,何凤岐,麻百勇.在役石油管道无损检测方法.无损检测,1999,21(1):8-13
[8]王海燕,张群会,张义宽.一种新型实用的在线套管检测方法,石油矿场机械,2001,30(2):30-32
[9]夏竹君,薛明霞,王亚芬,高书霞,张文杰.套管损坏状况检测方法在中原油田的应用,2005,02:74-76
[10]李家伟,陈积懋主编.无损检测手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
[11]任吉林,林俊明,高春法编著.电磁检测.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.8
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[13]何西才.光学测量系统.北京:国防工业出版社,2002
[14]李相银.激光原理技术及应用.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003
[15]戴立铭.激光三角测量传感器的精密位移测量.仪器仪表学报,1994,15(1):400-404
[16]J C Hebdon,K S Wang.Time resolved optical tomography.Appl.opt.,1993
[17]朱相磊.脉冲一相位式激光测距仪的研究.现代电子技术.1998,2004,27(13):44-47
[18]张永枫.光三角式传感器测距系统.传感器技术,2001,207):37-39
[19]陆富源.一种新型短距离高精度激光测距仪的研究.哈尔滨工业大学,2003:8
[20]王庆有编.CCD应用技术.天津:天津大学出版社2000
[21]徐熙平,张连存等.基于光学三角原理的内径非接触测量方法.光学技术,2005,31(4):551-553
[22]金国藩,李景镇主编.激光测量学.北京:科学出版社,1998
[23]www.semicon.toshiba.co.jp(Toshiba CCD linear image sensor CCD TCD1208AP.Toshiba)
[24]伞宏力,樊宁.一种用单片机驱动线阵CCD的方法.沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(1):84-86
[25]周根荣,姜平.一种基于高速超微型单片机的CCD驱动电路设计.电子技术应用,2006,21(3):104-106
[26]Max Born.Emil wolf principles of optics.1951.Englang
[27]费业泰主编.误差理论与数据处理第4版.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[28]赵凯华等.电磁学(第2版).北京:高等教育出版社,1985
[29]何道清编著.传感器与传感器技术.北京:科学出版社,2004
[30]宋勇,艾宴清,梁波等编著.精通ANSYS7.0有限元分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[31]王国强主编.实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1999
[32]阎照文等编著.ANSYS10.0工程电磁分析技术与实例祥解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[33](日)内山晋等著.应用磁学.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1983
[34]林其壬,赵佑民编著,磁路设计原理.北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[35]李路明,郑鹏,黄松岭,张家骏.表面裂纹宽度对漏磁场Y分量的影响.清华大学学报(自然科学版)1999,39(2):42-43
[36]Lord W.Bridne J M.Y en W.Residual and active leakage field around defects in ferromannelicmaterials.Materials Evaluation.1978,7:47-54
[37]FoersLer F.New findinns in the filed of non-destruclive magnetic leakage field inspection.NDT International,1986,19(1):3-10
[38]汪友生,潘孟贤,何辅云.缺陷参数与漏磁信号相互关系的实验研究.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),1998,21(5):28-30
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