介质声阻抗对声波测井曲线幅度的影响研究
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摘要
固井作业是油气井建井中的重要环节,油气井固井质量的好坏直接影响油气田开发水平,固井质量评价则是正确使用油井和采取措施保护油井的关键前提。现在我国绝大部分油田利用声波测井技术评价固井质量,声波测井技术在固井质量评价中发挥了巨大的作用。
随着对固井质量检测技术的深入研究,发现利用声波信号评价固井质量时,会受到一些因素的干扰,有时测井曲线的检测结果不一定能真实反映出固井质量好坏,无法保证固井质量绝对合格可靠。本文在研究测井曲线评价固井质量时,充分考虑了干扰因素对声波传播的影响。
本文通过对声波传播路径进行分析,开展声波在介质中的传播机理研究,针对声波测井问题,建立各界面分层介质模型,对声波传播各界面声波强度进行了计算,推导出分层界面中的声波相对强度表达式,分析介质的声阻抗对声波相对强度的影响,得出介质声阻抗对声波能量影响的定量关系,说明声波测井曲线在评价固井质量时要进行声阻抗修正,经过对现场资料的调研验证了该研究的正确性,本文的研究有利于保证固井质量评价的准确性。
Cementing operation is an important link to oil-gas well construction, cementing quality is the direct influence factor of development of oil-gas field, and cementing quality evaluation is the key precondition of using and protecting well correctly. Now acoustic logging technology is wildly used to evaluate cementing quality in most of oilfields in our country, and acoustic logging technology has been played a crucial role in cementing quality evaluation.
With in-depth research of cementing quality detecting technology, it is found that some interferes are existed in using acoustic signal to evaluate cementing quality, so in sometimes the test result from logging curve are not consistent with the real cementing quality, and cementing quality would not be guaranteed absolutely perfect. In this paper, the effect of influence factors on acoustic propagation is adequately considered when cementing quality evaluated with logging curve is studied.
In this paper, through analyzing the acoustic propagation path, mechanism of acoustic propagation in layered medium is researched, model of layered medium in different interface is established to the question of acoustic logging, acoustic intensity that propagated to each interface is calculated, expression of relative acoustic intensity in each interface is deduced, and effect of acoustic impedances of layered medium on relative acoustic intensity is analyzed, so quantification relation of effect of acoustic impedances of layered medium on acoustic energy is obtained. Therefore, acoustic impedances amendment is needed when using acoustic logging curve to evaluate cementing quality, and validity guarantee for the veracity of cementing quality evaluation.
随着对固井质量检测技术的深入研究,发现利用声波信号评价固井质量时,会受到一些因素的干扰,有时测井曲线的检测结果不一定能真实反映出固井质量好坏,无法保证固井质量绝对合格可靠。本文在研究测井曲线评价固井质量时,充分考虑了干扰因素对声波传播的影响。
本文通过对声波传播路径进行分析,开展声波在介质中的传播机理研究,针对声波测井问题,建立各界面分层介质模型,对声波传播各界面声波强度进行了计算,推导出分层界面中的声波相对强度表达式,分析介质的声阻抗对声波相对强度的影响,得出介质声阻抗对声波能量影响的定量关系,说明声波测井曲线在评价固井质量时要进行声阻抗修正,经过对现场资料的调研验证了该研究的正确性,本文的研究有利于保证固井质量评价的准确性。
Cementing operation is an important link to oil-gas well construction, cementing quality is the direct influence factor of development of oil-gas field, and cementing quality evaluation is the key precondition of using and protecting well correctly. Now acoustic logging technology is wildly used to evaluate cementing quality in most of oilfields in our country, and acoustic logging technology has been played a crucial role in cementing quality evaluation.
With in-depth research of cementing quality detecting technology, it is found that some interferes are existed in using acoustic signal to evaluate cementing quality, so in sometimes the test result from logging curve are not consistent with the real cementing quality, and cementing quality would not be guaranteed absolutely perfect. In this paper, the effect of influence factors on acoustic propagation is adequately considered when cementing quality evaluated with logging curve is studied.
In this paper, through analyzing the acoustic propagation path, mechanism of acoustic propagation in layered medium is researched, model of layered medium in different interface is established to the question of acoustic logging, acoustic intensity that propagated to each interface is calculated, expression of relative acoustic intensity in each interface is deduced, and effect of acoustic impedances of layered medium on relative acoustic intensity is analyzed, so quantification relation of effect of acoustic impedances of layered medium on acoustic energy is obtained. Therefore, acoustic impedances amendment is needed when using acoustic logging curve to evaluate cementing quality, and validity guarantee for the veracity of cementing quality evaluation.
引文
[1]张兴国,高兴原,冯明.固井质量影响因素分析[J].钻井工艺,2002(2):10~13.
[2]纪宝华,王明升.大庆长垣北部影响固井质量的地质因素分析[J].钻井工艺,1999(6):49~51.
[3]肖志兴,卢丽文,梁洪权.地层流体影响水泥环胶结质量的机理分析[J].钻井工艺,1999(2):4~8.
[4]李洪乾.水泥浆环空流动数值模拟及固井质量控制方法研究[D].西南石油学院博士论文,2002年4月.
[5]纪宝华,何礼君,王明升.影响低渗高压层固井质量的因素及其预测方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,1998(2):27~28.
[6]单高军.钻井液类型及性能与固井质量的关系研究[D].西南石油学院硕士学位论文,2005年4月.
[7]申学义.影响高渗低压层固井质量因素及对策分析[J].国外油田工程,2002(3):27~28.
[8]张兴国,高兴原,冯明.固井质量影响因素分析[J].钻井工艺,2002(2):10~13.
[9]秦文贵.中国石油固井技术现状及发展方向[J].石油科技论坛,2007,(6):6~11.
[10]薛梅,楚泽涵,李艳华等.对固井质量解释评价若干问题的探讨[J].测井技术,2000,24(6):470~475.
[11]陶宏根,张宏兵,侯春会等.发展固井质量检测技术满足油田勘探开发需求[J].测井技术,2004,28(S1):9~12.
[12]王克协,马俊等.声波变密度测井全波列的开发与利用项目报告[R].吉林大学,1999.
[13]田鑫,石兵波,章成广等.SBT测井技术在塔河油田低密度固井质量评价中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2007,(2):75~77.
[14]朱江林,许明标,赵景芳等.固井质量评价常用的测井方法[J].国外测井技术,2007,(5):45~48.
[15]谢荣华,刘继生,巢华庆等.俄罗斯测井技术在大庆油田的应用和发展[J].测井技术,2003,(2):89~94.
[16] Brown. New Developments in Sonic Wave Train Display and Analysis in Cased Holes [A]. SP WLA Eleventh Annual Logging Sy mp, may 3-6, 1970.
[17] Lebreton. Logging Tests in Porous Media to Evaluate The Influence of Their Permeability on Acoustic Wave-forms[C]. The 19th SPWLA Transactions, Q, EI Paso, Texas, 1978.
[18] Zain ZM and Sharma M M. Cleanup of wall - building filter cakes [J]. SPE 56635.
[19] David B, Fernando G and Gerardo S. Imp rove filter cake Clean up practices forhorizontal well completions in unconsolidated sands: correlation models for filter - cake removal [J]. SPE 77523.
[20]杨林,刘士安,孙林平.水泥胶结测井存在的问题和建议[J].测井技术,2004,(2):19~22.
[21]车小花,乔文孝等.利用首波到时评价水泥胶结质量的模拟实验研究[J].测井技术,2006,(5):390~393.
[22]楚泽涵.声波测井原理[M].石油工业出版社(北京).1993:1~8.
[23]章成广等.声波测井原理与应用[M].石油工业出版社,2008.
[24]王天波,刘正锋,张宇晓等.声幅-变密度测井定量评价固井质量的研究[J].测井技术,2002,(1):55~59,67.
[25]高伟勤,孙培恒,赵士华等.分区水泥胶结测井(SBT)的解释方法研究及应用[J].石油仪器,2005,(3):56~57.
[26]王爱民.扇区水泥胶结测井仪及在套管井中的应用[J].测井技术,2003,27(B04):56~58.
[27]张松杨译.井眼环境对纵波测井的影响[C].石油物探译丛.1997,8.
[28]胡澍.地球物理测井仪器[M].北京石油工业出版社.1991.
[29]郝俊芳译.地层类型影响水泥胶结测井结果[J].国外钻井技术.2006,21(2):74~78.
[30]刘继生,王克协,谢荣华等.套管-水泥界面微间隙的检测方法及应用[J].测井技术,2002,(5):399~401,413.
[31]罗长吉,王允良,张彬.固井水泥环界面胶结强度实验研究[J].石油钻采工艺,1993,15:47~51.
[32]章成广等.地层物性与声波全波列波形的关系[J].江汉石油学院学报,1991,13(2).
[33]周样宝,王玉栋.影响套管波幅度的因素[J].测井技术,2003,27(增刊):8~10.
[34]何祚鏞,赵玉芳.声学理论基础[M].国防工业出版社,1981.
[35]袁吉诚,黄智.水泥胶结测井作业技术[J].测井技术.1999,(6)
[36]苏道宁,冯世暄.岩石的声衰减与声频谱的变化[J].华东石油学院学报,1986,2:110~116.
[37]王群,庞彦明,郭洪岩等.矿场地球物理测井[M].石油工业出版社,2002.53~74.
[38] Biot M A. Theory of Propagation of Elastic Waves in A Fluid-saturated Porous Solid [J]. J Acoust Soc of Ame, 1956, 28(2):168-191.
[39] Calloni, R N., Marcotullio, G.A.P., Smith.T.IL“Gas Impermeable Carbon Black Cements: Analysis of Field Performances”, 1997 Offshore Mediterranean Conference.
[40]杜功焕,朱哲民,龚秀芬.声学基础[M].南京大学出版社(北京),2001.
[41] Bol, G.M., Bosma, M.G.R, Reijrink, P.T. R, van Vliet, J.P.M.“Cementing: How to Achieve Zonal Isolation”, 1997 Offshore Mediterranean Conference.
[42] Prohaska, M.T., Fruhwirth, R .P., Economides, M.J.“Modeling Early-Time Gas MigratonThrough Cement Slurlies”, SPEDC(Sept.1995).
[43]王冠贵,声波测井理论基础及其应用,石油工业出版社,1988,123-142.
[44]丁保刚.固井技术基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.226~227.
[45]唐达方.声波变密度测井全波列数值模拟与固井质量评价[D].河海大学硕士论文,2008,5:12~13.
[46] Douglass P M, Voight B. Anisofropy of granites, A reflection of microsocopic fabric [J]. Geotechnique, 1969, 19(3):376-398.
[47]何琳,朱海潮,邱小军,杜功焕.声学理论与工程应用[M].科学出版社(北京),2006.
[48]简晓明,李明轩,张建生.层状介质界面超声检测的理论分析和自适应噪声抵消处理[J].声学学报,2000,(04).
[49]宋立军.柱状多层介质井孔体系弹性波场传播机制的研究[D].吉林大学,2003.
[50] Douglas Boyd, Salah Al-Kubit, Osama Hamdy Khedr. Reliability of Cement Bond Log Interpretations Compared to Physical Communication Tests Between Formations [C]. International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference. 2006.
[51] C Morres, L. Sabbagh, R Wydrinski. Application of Enhanced Ultrasonic Mesurements for Cement and Casing Evaluation [C]. SPE/IADC Drilling Conference. 2007.
[2]纪宝华,王明升.大庆长垣北部影响固井质量的地质因素分析[J].钻井工艺,1999(6):49~51.
[3]肖志兴,卢丽文,梁洪权.地层流体影响水泥环胶结质量的机理分析[J].钻井工艺,1999(2):4~8.
[4]李洪乾.水泥浆环空流动数值模拟及固井质量控制方法研究[D].西南石油学院博士论文,2002年4月.
[5]纪宝华,何礼君,王明升.影响低渗高压层固井质量的因素及其预测方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,1998(2):27~28.
[6]单高军.钻井液类型及性能与固井质量的关系研究[D].西南石油学院硕士学位论文,2005年4月.
[7]申学义.影响高渗低压层固井质量因素及对策分析[J].国外油田工程,2002(3):27~28.
[8]张兴国,高兴原,冯明.固井质量影响因素分析[J].钻井工艺,2002(2):10~13.
[9]秦文贵.中国石油固井技术现状及发展方向[J].石油科技论坛,2007,(6):6~11.
[10]薛梅,楚泽涵,李艳华等.对固井质量解释评价若干问题的探讨[J].测井技术,2000,24(6):470~475.
[11]陶宏根,张宏兵,侯春会等.发展固井质量检测技术满足油田勘探开发需求[J].测井技术,2004,28(S1):9~12.
[12]王克协,马俊等.声波变密度测井全波列的开发与利用项目报告[R].吉林大学,1999.
[13]田鑫,石兵波,章成广等.SBT测井技术在塔河油田低密度固井质量评价中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2007,(2):75~77.
[14]朱江林,许明标,赵景芳等.固井质量评价常用的测井方法[J].国外测井技术,2007,(5):45~48.
[15]谢荣华,刘继生,巢华庆等.俄罗斯测井技术在大庆油田的应用和发展[J].测井技术,2003,(2):89~94.
[16] Brown. New Developments in Sonic Wave Train Display and Analysis in Cased Holes [A]. SP WLA Eleventh Annual Logging Sy mp, may 3-6, 1970.
[17] Lebreton. Logging Tests in Porous Media to Evaluate The Influence of Their Permeability on Acoustic Wave-forms[C]. The 19th SPWLA Transactions, Q, EI Paso, Texas, 1978.
[18] Zain ZM and Sharma M M. Cleanup of wall - building filter cakes [J]. SPE 56635.
[19] David B, Fernando G and Gerardo S. Imp rove filter cake Clean up practices forhorizontal well completions in unconsolidated sands: correlation models for filter - cake removal [J]. SPE 77523.
[20]杨林,刘士安,孙林平.水泥胶结测井存在的问题和建议[J].测井技术,2004,(2):19~22.
[21]车小花,乔文孝等.利用首波到时评价水泥胶结质量的模拟实验研究[J].测井技术,2006,(5):390~393.
[22]楚泽涵.声波测井原理[M].石油工业出版社(北京).1993:1~8.
[23]章成广等.声波测井原理与应用[M].石油工业出版社,2008.
[24]王天波,刘正锋,张宇晓等.声幅-变密度测井定量评价固井质量的研究[J].测井技术,2002,(1):55~59,67.
[25]高伟勤,孙培恒,赵士华等.分区水泥胶结测井(SBT)的解释方法研究及应用[J].石油仪器,2005,(3):56~57.
[26]王爱民.扇区水泥胶结测井仪及在套管井中的应用[J].测井技术,2003,27(B04):56~58.
[27]张松杨译.井眼环境对纵波测井的影响[C].石油物探译丛.1997,8.
[28]胡澍.地球物理测井仪器[M].北京石油工业出版社.1991.
[29]郝俊芳译.地层类型影响水泥胶结测井结果[J].国外钻井技术.2006,21(2):74~78.
[30]刘继生,王克协,谢荣华等.套管-水泥界面微间隙的检测方法及应用[J].测井技术,2002,(5):399~401,413.
[31]罗长吉,王允良,张彬.固井水泥环界面胶结强度实验研究[J].石油钻采工艺,1993,15:47~51.
[32]章成广等.地层物性与声波全波列波形的关系[J].江汉石油学院学报,1991,13(2).
[33]周样宝,王玉栋.影响套管波幅度的因素[J].测井技术,2003,27(增刊):8~10.
[34]何祚鏞,赵玉芳.声学理论基础[M].国防工业出版社,1981.
[35]袁吉诚,黄智.水泥胶结测井作业技术[J].测井技术.1999,(6)
[36]苏道宁,冯世暄.岩石的声衰减与声频谱的变化[J].华东石油学院学报,1986,2:110~116.
[37]王群,庞彦明,郭洪岩等.矿场地球物理测井[M].石油工业出版社,2002.53~74.
[38] Biot M A. Theory of Propagation of Elastic Waves in A Fluid-saturated Porous Solid [J]. J Acoust Soc of Ame, 1956, 28(2):168-191.
[39] Calloni, R N., Marcotullio, G.A.P., Smith.T.IL“Gas Impermeable Carbon Black Cements: Analysis of Field Performances”, 1997 Offshore Mediterranean Conference.
[40]杜功焕,朱哲民,龚秀芬.声学基础[M].南京大学出版社(北京),2001.
[41] Bol, G.M., Bosma, M.G.R, Reijrink, P.T. R, van Vliet, J.P.M.“Cementing: How to Achieve Zonal Isolation”, 1997 Offshore Mediterranean Conference.
[42] Prohaska, M.T., Fruhwirth, R .P., Economides, M.J.“Modeling Early-Time Gas MigratonThrough Cement Slurlies”, SPEDC(Sept.1995).
[43]王冠贵,声波测井理论基础及其应用,石油工业出版社,1988,123-142.
[44]丁保刚.固井技术基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.226~227.
[45]唐达方.声波变密度测井全波列数值模拟与固井质量评价[D].河海大学硕士论文,2008,5:12~13.
[46] Douglass P M, Voight B. Anisofropy of granites, A reflection of microsocopic fabric [J]. Geotechnique, 1969, 19(3):376-398.
[47]何琳,朱海潮,邱小军,杜功焕.声学理论与工程应用[M].科学出版社(北京),2006.
[48]简晓明,李明轩,张建生.层状介质界面超声检测的理论分析和自适应噪声抵消处理[J].声学学报,2000,(04).
[49]宋立军.柱状多层介质井孔体系弹性波场传播机制的研究[D].吉林大学,2003.
[50] Douglas Boyd, Salah Al-Kubit, Osama Hamdy Khedr. Reliability of Cement Bond Log Interpretations Compared to Physical Communication Tests Between Formations [C]. International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference. 2006.
[51] C Morres, L. Sabbagh, R Wydrinski. Application of Enhanced Ultrasonic Mesurements for Cement and Casing Evaluation [C]. SPE/IADC Drilling Conference. 2007.