扫描式伽马—伽马管柱厚度及水泥环密度测井仪研究
摘要
套管注水泥是油气井建设中的一个重要的阶段,为了可靠地隔离开地层并且把储层同剖面的其它部分隔离开,就必须进行固井。成功地完成这一阶段的作业关系到以后的油气井的产能,最终关系到开采的成本。此外,在油井的开采过程中,套管技术状况和注水泥质量的监测也是矿场地球物理的一个最重要的任务。从目前的固井作业状况来看,无法保证全井段固井质量全部合格可靠,因此固井质量的检测和评价是一个长期的研究课题。传统的利用声波的方法评价固井质量的测井仪只能判断水泥与套管的I界面和水泥与井壁的II界面的胶结质量,而不能判断水泥环内部胶结质量的好坏。
本文设计了一种新型的固井质量检测测井仪—扫描式伽马-伽马管柱厚度和水泥环密度测井仪,该测井仪是一种在固井质量评价中用于测量套管外水泥环密度及套管厚度、套管偏心度等的测井仪器。在套管技术状况监测和油、气井注水泥质量监测中能够确定套管壁厚;划分接箍和评价接箍的状况;确定套管相对井轴的偏心度;确定套管扶正器和管鞋分布的深度;发现套管的缺陷;确定射孔眼的分布位置和数量;确定管外空间水泥环的高度;发现水泥环中的缺陷以及确定缺陷的类型;确定水泥环的密度;评价管外空间封堵的程度和流体管外窜槽的可能性。
本文研究了扫描式伽马-伽马管柱厚度及水泥环密度测井仪的工作原理,在此基础上提出了井下仪器的结构及硬件电路设计、软件设计。根据设计思想,硬件电路采用模块化的设计思想,从伽马探测器设计开始,循序渐进,逐步完成高压电源设计、变压器设计、低压电源设计、脉冲整形电路设计、角度、温度测量单元设计、缆压、角度、温度信号处理电路设计、遥测单元设计、传输协议设计。在这些设计完成的基础上,进行了下位机软件的设计,分别完成了缆压测量子程序、温度、角度测量子程序、串行发送、接收子程序、伽马探头数据采集子程序、曼彻斯特编码及发送子程序。最后进行了扫描式伽马-伽马管柱厚度和水泥环密度测井仪的系统调试和测井试验,试验结果表明,扫描式伽马-伽马管柱厚度及水泥环密度测井仪工作稳定,各探头计数率准确,可以获得准确的测井资料,它既适用于采用一般水泥密度(1.8-1.9g/cm~3)和加重水泥密度(2.0-2.3g/cm~3),也适用于采用轻质水泥密度(1.4-1.6g/cm~3)固井质量的检测。
该仪器的测量结果与声波变密度测井仪测量结果综合起来,能更加准确地判断出水泥固井胶结质量,可以达到定量分析,全面评价油、气井的固井质量的目的。
Cementing is an important stage in the oil and gas well’s building, In order to reliably isolate the reservoir formation and other parts of the same section separated, it is necessary to carry out cementing. Achieve this phase of operation related to the subsequent production of oil and gas wells, and ultimately related to the mining cost.In addition, the exploitation of oil wells, the casing and cementing the status of technology to monitor the quality of mine is also one of the most important geophysical task. Cementing operations from the current situation, can not guarantee the quality of the entire Well Cementing all qualified and reliable, so cementing quality testing and evaluation is a long-term study. The traditional method of using sound waves Cementing Evaluation Logging can only be the quality of cement and casing to determine the I interface and the wall of cement and cement II interface quality, and not to judge the quality of cement within the mixed cement.
In this article, the author designed a new type of cementing quality logging tool- scanning gamma-gamma casing thickness and cement density logging tool. The logging tool is used to test the casing thickness and the density of cement outside the casing in the evaluation of the quality of cementing. In the monitoring of casing technology and the oil, gas well cementing quality, the logging tool used to determine the casing thickness; divided Coupling Coupling and evaluation of the situation; to determine the relative well casing eccentricity axis; determine the centralizer and the pipe casing shoes depth distribution; found deficiencies casing; perforating eye to determine the location and volume of distribution; governing outer space to determine the height of cement; found flaws in the cement, as well as to determine the type of defects; to determine the density of cement; evaluation of tube outer space the degree of sealing and fluid tube channeling the possibility of slot.
In this paper, the scanning gamma - gamma string cement thickness and density of the working principle of logging tool, in this based on the structure of the downhole tools and hardware circuit design, software design. According to design, modular hardware design ideas, from the gamma detector design, step-by-step, step by step to complete the design of high voltage power supply, transformer design, low-voltage power supply design, circuit design pulse shaping, angle, temperature measurementunit design, cable pressure , angle, temperature signal processing circuit design, telemetry unit design, design transfer agreement. In those based on the design is completed, the next bit to the design of software, namely the completion of the cable Subroutine pressure measurement, temperature, angle measurement subroutine, serial send, receive subroutine, gamma probe data acquisition subroutine, Manchester coding and send subroutine. Finally, a scanning gamma - gamma string cement thickness and density logging tool system debugging and logging test results surface scan gamma - gamma string cement thickness and density of stable logging tool, the probe count rate is accurate, the logging data can be accurate, it generally applicable to the use of cement density (1.8-1.9g/cm~3) and increase the density of cement (2.0-2.3g/cm~3), also apply to the use of lightweight concrete density ( 1.4-1.6g/cm~3) Detection of cementing quality.
The measurement results of the instrument with the acoustic variable density logging tool measurements together, can more accurately determine the quality of cement cemented cementing, to achieve a comprehensive assessment of oil and gas wells cementing quality.
本文设计了一种新型的固井质量检测测井仪—扫描式伽马-伽马管柱厚度和水泥环密度测井仪,该测井仪是一种在固井质量评价中用于测量套管外水泥环密度及套管厚度、套管偏心度等的测井仪器。在套管技术状况监测和油、气井注水泥质量监测中能够确定套管壁厚;划分接箍和评价接箍的状况;确定套管相对井轴的偏心度;确定套管扶正器和管鞋分布的深度;发现套管的缺陷;确定射孔眼的分布位置和数量;确定管外空间水泥环的高度;发现水泥环中的缺陷以及确定缺陷的类型;确定水泥环的密度;评价管外空间封堵的程度和流体管外窜槽的可能性。
本文研究了扫描式伽马-伽马管柱厚度及水泥环密度测井仪的工作原理,在此基础上提出了井下仪器的结构及硬件电路设计、软件设计。根据设计思想,硬件电路采用模块化的设计思想,从伽马探测器设计开始,循序渐进,逐步完成高压电源设计、变压器设计、低压电源设计、脉冲整形电路设计、角度、温度测量单元设计、缆压、角度、温度信号处理电路设计、遥测单元设计、传输协议设计。在这些设计完成的基础上,进行了下位机软件的设计,分别完成了缆压测量子程序、温度、角度测量子程序、串行发送、接收子程序、伽马探头数据采集子程序、曼彻斯特编码及发送子程序。最后进行了扫描式伽马-伽马管柱厚度和水泥环密度测井仪的系统调试和测井试验,试验结果表明,扫描式伽马-伽马管柱厚度及水泥环密度测井仪工作稳定,各探头计数率准确,可以获得准确的测井资料,它既适用于采用一般水泥密度(1.8-1.9g/cm~3)和加重水泥密度(2.0-2.3g/cm~3),也适用于采用轻质水泥密度(1.4-1.6g/cm~3)固井质量的检测。
该仪器的测量结果与声波变密度测井仪测量结果综合起来,能更加准确地判断出水泥固井胶结质量,可以达到定量分析,全面评价油、气井的固井质量的目的。
Cementing is an important stage in the oil and gas well’s building, In order to reliably isolate the reservoir formation and other parts of the same section separated, it is necessary to carry out cementing. Achieve this phase of operation related to the subsequent production of oil and gas wells, and ultimately related to the mining cost.In addition, the exploitation of oil wells, the casing and cementing the status of technology to monitor the quality of mine is also one of the most important geophysical task. Cementing operations from the current situation, can not guarantee the quality of the entire Well Cementing all qualified and reliable, so cementing quality testing and evaluation is a long-term study. The traditional method of using sound waves Cementing Evaluation Logging can only be the quality of cement and casing to determine the I interface and the wall of cement and cement II interface quality, and not to judge the quality of cement within the mixed cement.
In this article, the author designed a new type of cementing quality logging tool- scanning gamma-gamma casing thickness and cement density logging tool. The logging tool is used to test the casing thickness and the density of cement outside the casing in the evaluation of the quality of cementing. In the monitoring of casing technology and the oil, gas well cementing quality, the logging tool used to determine the casing thickness; divided Coupling Coupling and evaluation of the situation; to determine the relative well casing eccentricity axis; determine the centralizer and the pipe casing shoes depth distribution; found deficiencies casing; perforating eye to determine the location and volume of distribution; governing outer space to determine the height of cement; found flaws in the cement, as well as to determine the type of defects; to determine the density of cement; evaluation of tube outer space the degree of sealing and fluid tube channeling the possibility of slot.
In this paper, the scanning gamma - gamma string cement thickness and density of the working principle of logging tool, in this based on the structure of the downhole tools and hardware circuit design, software design. According to design, modular hardware design ideas, from the gamma detector design, step-by-step, step by step to complete the design of high voltage power supply, transformer design, low-voltage power supply design, circuit design pulse shaping, angle, temperature measurementunit design, cable pressure , angle, temperature signal processing circuit design, telemetry unit design, design transfer agreement. In those based on the design is completed, the next bit to the design of software, namely the completion of the cable Subroutine pressure measurement, temperature, angle measurement subroutine, serial send, receive subroutine, gamma probe data acquisition subroutine, Manchester coding and send subroutine. Finally, a scanning gamma - gamma string cement thickness and density logging tool system debugging and logging test results surface scan gamma - gamma string cement thickness and density of stable logging tool, the probe count rate is accurate, the logging data can be accurate, it generally applicable to the use of cement density (1.8-1.9g/cm~3) and increase the density of cement (2.0-2.3g/cm~3), also apply to the use of lightweight concrete density ( 1.4-1.6g/cm~3) Detection of cementing quality.
The measurement results of the instrument with the acoustic variable density logging tool measurements together, can more accurately determine the quality of cement cemented cementing, to achieve a comprehensive assessment of oil and gas wells cementing quality.
引文
[1]安尼瓦尔·阿木提,《石油与国家安全》,新疆人民出版社,2003
[2]袁祖贵,《测井技术的发展及其应用》,测井科技,1997
[3]庞巨丰,《测井仪器方法及原理》,石油出版社,2001
[4]任晓荣,(( SOOKbps遥传自然伽马测井仪研制》,西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2002
[5] PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES Basics and Applications, HAMAMATSU, 2006
[6] ADSP-BF537 Datasheet, Analog Device 2006
[7] ADM706 Datasheet, Analog Device, 2006
[8] AT25HP512 Datasheet} ATMEL, 2006
[9] Analog Devices JTAG Emulation Technical Reference, Analog Device,2006
[10] ADSP-BF533 Blackfin处理器开关式稳压器设计时需要考虑的事项,Analog Device, 2006
[11]Cesare Liguori, A self-buffered DC baseline restorer with quasi-ideal behavior,Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Phsics Research 1999
[12] A.Pullia, Nucl.Instr.and Meth, 1996
[13] M.Kuwata, H.Maeda, IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci, 1994
[14] M.Grubic, Rev.Sci.Instrum, 1987
[15] E.Fairstein, IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci, 1975
[16] V.Radeka, IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci, 1972
[17] E.A.Gere, G.L.Miller, IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci,1967
[18] A.M.L.S.Morgado, J.B.Simoes, C.M.Correia, IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci,1996
[19] AD395 Datasheet, Analog Device, 2006
[20] ADIS16003 Blackfin Processor Hardware Reference, Analog Device, 2006
[21] PIC16F873 Datasheet, Analog Device, 2006
[22] LM95071 Datasheet, Analog Device, 2006
[23]吴锡令.生产测井原理.北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[24]乔贺堂.生产测井原理及资料解释.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[25]十永芳,郑仲民.检测技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[26]王进旗,强锡富,张永奎.测量油井含水率的新方法一同轴线相位法.仪器仪表学报.2002
[27]王进旗.基于相位法的同轴线油井含水率研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学博士论文,2003
[28]强锡富.传感器.第二版.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[29]范玉久.化土测量及仪表.北京:化学工业出版社,1981
[30]康华光.电子技术基础模拟部分.北京:高等教育出版社,1988
[31]黄贤武,郑筱霞,曲波,刘文杰.传感器实际应用电路设计.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1997
[32]王钎,王玉田.集成检测电路原理与设计.北京:兵器工业出版社,1996
[33]郑君里,应启痢,杨为理.信号与系统.第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[34]程佩青.数字信号处理教程.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,1995
[35]付鑫生.石油测井信息数字传输原理与系统.北京:石油工业出版社,1995
[36]王宝祥.信号与系统.第二版.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996
[37]胡澎.地球物理测井仪器.北京:石油工业出版社,1991
[38]杨崇志等.特殊新型电子元器件手册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2001
[39]刘君华.现代检测技术与测试系统设计.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1999
[40]王伯雄.测试技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[41]李学海.PIC单片机使用教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[42]窦振中,汪立森.PIC系列单片机应用设计与实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1999
[43]王有绪,许杰,李拉成.PIC单片机接口技术及应用系统设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
[44]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[45]周德明.微型计算机系统原理及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[46]戴梅尊,史嘉权.微型计算机技术及应用.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[47]陈伟人.单片微型计算机原理及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1989
[48]胡伟,季晓衡.单片机C程序设计及应用实例.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[49]毛京等.数据通信原理.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2000
[50]桑林,郝建军,刘月一数字通信.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002
[51]刘文彦,周学平,刘辉.现代测试系统.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1995
[2]袁祖贵,《测井技术的发展及其应用》,测井科技,1997
[3]庞巨丰,《测井仪器方法及原理》,石油出版社,2001
[4]任晓荣,(( SOOKbps遥传自然伽马测井仪研制》,西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2002
[5] PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES Basics and Applications, HAMAMATSU, 2006
[6] ADSP-BF537 Datasheet, Analog Device 2006
[7] ADM706 Datasheet, Analog Device, 2006
[8] AT25HP512 Datasheet} ATMEL, 2006
[9] Analog Devices JTAG Emulation Technical Reference, Analog Device,2006
[10] ADSP-BF533 Blackfin处理器开关式稳压器设计时需要考虑的事项,Analog Device, 2006
[11]Cesare Liguori, A self-buffered DC baseline restorer with quasi-ideal behavior,Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Phsics Research 1999
[12] A.Pullia, Nucl.Instr.and Meth, 1996
[13] M.Kuwata, H.Maeda, IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci, 1994
[14] M.Grubic, Rev.Sci.Instrum, 1987
[15] E.Fairstein, IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci, 1975
[16] V.Radeka, IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci, 1972
[17] E.A.Gere, G.L.Miller, IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci,1967
[18] A.M.L.S.Morgado, J.B.Simoes, C.M.Correia, IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci,1996
[19] AD395 Datasheet, Analog Device, 2006
[20] ADIS16003 Blackfin Processor Hardware Reference, Analog Device, 2006
[21] PIC16F873 Datasheet, Analog Device, 2006
[22] LM95071 Datasheet, Analog Device, 2006
[23]吴锡令.生产测井原理.北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[24]乔贺堂.生产测井原理及资料解释.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[25]十永芳,郑仲民.检测技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[26]王进旗,强锡富,张永奎.测量油井含水率的新方法一同轴线相位法.仪器仪表学报.2002
[27]王进旗.基于相位法的同轴线油井含水率研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学博士论文,2003
[28]强锡富.传感器.第二版.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[29]范玉久.化土测量及仪表.北京:化学工业出版社,1981
[30]康华光.电子技术基础模拟部分.北京:高等教育出版社,1988
[31]黄贤武,郑筱霞,曲波,刘文杰.传感器实际应用电路设计.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1997
[32]王钎,王玉田.集成检测电路原理与设计.北京:兵器工业出版社,1996
[33]郑君里,应启痢,杨为理.信号与系统.第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[34]程佩青.数字信号处理教程.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,1995
[35]付鑫生.石油测井信息数字传输原理与系统.北京:石油工业出版社,1995
[36]王宝祥.信号与系统.第二版.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1996
[37]胡澎.地球物理测井仪器.北京:石油工业出版社,1991
[38]杨崇志等.特殊新型电子元器件手册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2001
[39]刘君华.现代检测技术与测试系统设计.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1999
[40]王伯雄.测试技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[41]李学海.PIC单片机使用教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[42]窦振中,汪立森.PIC系列单片机应用设计与实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1999
[43]王有绪,许杰,李拉成.PIC单片机接口技术及应用系统设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
[44]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[45]周德明.微型计算机系统原理及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[46]戴梅尊,史嘉权.微型计算机技术及应用.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[47]陈伟人.单片微型计算机原理及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1989
[48]胡伟,季晓衡.单片机C程序设计及应用实例.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[49]毛京等.数据通信原理.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2000
[50]桑林,郝建军,刘月一数字通信.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002
[51]刘文彦,周学平,刘辉.现代测试系统.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1995