油井井下温度场的数值模拟
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摘要
本文针对油田开发中油井的生产实际情况，基于多孔介质流动力学和多孔介质传热学理论，建立了油井井筒及其周围地层的温度场模型。当油井生产时，将井筒内传热看成竖直圆管中连续介质的传导和对流换热，将地层中产层部分的传热看成多孔介质中的传导和对流换热，将地层中围岩部分的传热看成多孔介质中的热传导；当油井停产时，由于井筒和产层都没有了流体的流动，所以将井筒内的传热看成竖直圆管中连续介质的传导，将地层中的传热看成多孔介质中的传导。
对大多数生产井多层产液的情况，并考虑到井筒内液体在上升过程中的速度变化和流量变化，把质量、动量和能量守恒方程耦合联立求解。根据生产井的实际情况，构建起外边界条件以及井筒与围岩、井筒与产层、围岩与产层之间的耦合内边界条件，采用交替方向半隐式有限差分方法(ADI方法)求解所建立的井下温度场模型。
本文模拟了产液量、生产时间、停产时间、地层参数、地温梯度、层厚及井筒半径等不同条件下的井下温度场分布，并对模拟结果进行了分析和讨论。通过对大庆采油五厂K9-D4-332井的温度剖面进行模拟，并与实测井温曲线对比，取得了良好的应用效果。
Based on the theory of porous medium flow and the porous medium heat transfer, the temperature field models of the welibore and adjacent formation have been constructed for production wells. While wells are producing, heat transfer in welibore is considered as heat conduction and convection in continuous media in vertical tube, heat transfer in production zones is considered as heat conduction and convection in porous media, heat transfer in adjacent rocks is considered as heat conduction in porous media. While wells stop producing, because of stopping flowing in welibore and production zones, heat transfer in welibore is considered as heat conduction in continuous media in vertical tube, and heat transfer in formation is considered as heat conduction in porous media.
For the actual situation of multiplayer production in most oil wells, velocity and flow change are considered in the model while fluid moves up the well, and conservation equation including continuous equation, momentum equation and energy equation are solved together. According to actual situation of production wells, external boundary conditions and coupled inner boundary conditions between welibore and adjacent rocks, welibore and production zones, adjacent rocks and production zones are constructed, and an alternate direction implicit finite difference algorithm(ADI) is used to solve temperature models.
Downhole temperature profiles have been simulated under different conditions of fluid output, production time, off production time, formation parameters, geothermal gradient, bed thickness, welibore radius and so on, and simulation results are analyzed and discussed. Though simulating the temperature profile of X9-D4-332 in Daqing oil field, and comparing it with temperature log, a good result is achieved.
对大多数生产井多层产液的情况，并考虑到井筒内液体在上升过程中的速度变化和流量变化，把质量、动量和能量守恒方程耦合联立求解。根据生产井的实际情况，构建起外边界条件以及井筒与围岩、井筒与产层、围岩与产层之间的耦合内边界条件，采用交替方向半隐式有限差分方法(ADI方法)求解所建立的井下温度场模型。
本文模拟了产液量、生产时间、停产时间、地层参数、地温梯度、层厚及井筒半径等不同条件下的井下温度场分布，并对模拟结果进行了分析和讨论。通过对大庆采油五厂K9-D4-332井的温度剖面进行模拟，并与实测井温曲线对比，取得了良好的应用效果。
Based on the theory of porous medium flow and the porous medium heat transfer, the temperature field models of the welibore and adjacent formation have been constructed for production wells. While wells are producing, heat transfer in welibore is considered as heat conduction and convection in continuous media in vertical tube, heat transfer in production zones is considered as heat conduction and convection in porous media, heat transfer in adjacent rocks is considered as heat conduction in porous media. While wells stop producing, because of stopping flowing in welibore and production zones, heat transfer in welibore is considered as heat conduction in continuous media in vertical tube, and heat transfer in formation is considered as heat conduction in porous media.
For the actual situation of multiplayer production in most oil wells, velocity and flow change are considered in the model while fluid moves up the well, and conservation equation including continuous equation, momentum equation and energy equation are solved together. According to actual situation of production wells, external boundary conditions and coupled inner boundary conditions between welibore and adjacent rocks, welibore and production zones, adjacent rocks and production zones are constructed, and an alternate direction implicit finite difference algorithm(ADI) is used to solve temperature models.
Downhole temperature profiles have been simulated under different conditions of fluid output, production time, off production time, formation parameters, geothermal gradient, bed thickness, welibore radius and so on, and simulation results are analyzed and discussed. Though simulating the temperature profile of X9-D4-332 in Daqing oil field, and comparing it with temperature log, a good result is achieved.
引文
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[4] M.R.Curtis, E.J. witterholt. Use of the temperature log for determining flow rates in producing wells. SPE4637,1973
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[6] J.O.Herrera, B.F. Birdwell, E,J. Hanzilk. Wellbore heat losses in deep steam injection wells. SPE7117,1978
[7] Sagar, R.K., Dotty, D.R.. Predicting Temperature Profiles in a Flowing Well. Paper SPE 19702 presented at the 1989 SPE Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition, San Antonio, TX Oct. 8-11
[8] 王鸿勋，李平．水力压裂过程中井筒温度的数值计算方法．石油学报，1987，8(4)91-99
[9] Beirute, R.M.. A Circulating and Shut-in Well Temperatures Profile Simulator. SPE17591,1988
[10] 卢祥国，赵学孟，袁国英．循环注液过程中井筒温度场的数值计算法．石油钻采，1991，13(5)：43-46
[11] K. Chiu, S.C. Thakur.. Modeling of Well bore Heat Losses in Directional wells Under Changing Injection Conditions. SPE22870, 1991:517-528
[12] 朱德武，何汉平．凝析气井井筒溫度分布计算．天然气工业，1998，1
[13] 毛伟，梁政．计算气井井筒温度分布的新方法．西南石油学报，1999，21(1)：56-66
[14] 高学仕，张立新，潘迪超等．热采井筒瞬态温度场的数值模拟分析．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，25(2)：67-69
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[16] Roger J. Steffensen, Robert C. Smith. The Importance of Joule-Thomson Heating (or Cooling) in Temperature Log Interpretation. SPE4636,1973
[17] 董长银，张琪等．油管掺液稠油泵井筒流体温度分布计算．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，26(2)：38-40
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[19] J.E. CHAPPELEAR, C.W. VOLEK. The Injection of a Hot Liquid into a Porous Medium. SPE2013,1968:100-114
[20] E.J. Witterholt, M.P. Tixirer. Temperature logging in injection wells. SPE4022, 1972
[21] John Fagley. An Improved Simulation for Interpreting Temperature Logs in water Wells Injection. SPEJ(Oct. 1982),709-718
[22] M.Thompson, T.M.Burgess.. The Prediction of Downhole Mud Temperature While Drilling. SPE14180;1985
[23] R.M.Beirute. A Circulating and Shut-in Well Temperature Profile Simulator. SPE17591,
1988:429-442
[24] A. R. Hasan, C.S. Kabir.. Heat Transfer During Two-Phase Flow in Well bores: Part Ⅰ— Formation Temperature. SPE22866,1991:469-487
[25] Fr(?)d(?)ric Maubeuge, Michel P. Didek, Martyn B. Beardsell. Temperature Model for Flow in Porous Media and Wellbore. SPWLA ,35th, Annual Logging;Symposium, 1994
[26] 冯恩民，闫桂峰，胡志荣等．注水廾地层带温度场数值模拟及优化．石油学报，1996，17(1)：96-101
[27] 宋考平，宋洪才，吴文样主编．油藏数值模拟理论基础．石油工业出版社，1994
[28] A．D．海尔．生产测井—理论与评价．石油工业出版社．1995
[29] 乔贺堂等．生产测井原理及资料解释．北京，石油工业出版社，1992
[30] N.R.Carson,J.C.Barnette.温度测扑在多相流中的重要性．测井分析家协会第27界年会论文集．76-83
[31] 张淼泽，彭坤灿校．井眼温度测量---工程与科学应用评述．国外测井技术，1993，8(1)：38-47
[32] 闫来喜，孙玉环．井温测井解释在疑难井中的应用．测井技术，1998，23[2]
[33] 宋辉．井筒瞬态温度场研究与应用．石油钻采工艺，1994．16(2)：67-72
[34] 白秀云，石善勇．井温在注产剖面解释中的应用实例．测井技术，2003，27(2)：147-150
[35] 陈科贵编．生产测井．西南石油学院测井教研室．1994
[36] 康义逵，梁杰峰等．井温测井应用领域的新拓展．油气井测试，2000，9(3)：83-87
[37] 库兹涅佐夫，列奧齐也夫，列兹瓦诺夫著，常熹，郝志兴译．油气田开发期地球物理监测技术．石油工业出版社，1995
[38] M.帕拉茨著，王弥康等译．热力采油．石油工业出版社，1989
[39] 巴伊巴科夫，加鲁舍夫著，蔡大成，姜言里，刘青年译．热采法在油田开发中的应用．石油工业出版社，1995
[40] Robert C. Smith, Roger J. Steffensen. Computer Study of Factors Affecting Temperature. Profiles in Water Injection Wells. JPT(Nov. 1970),1447-1458
[41] A.R. Hasan, C.S. Kabir.. A Fluid Circulating Temperature Model for Workover Operations. SPE27848,1994:41-50
[42] T.B. Jensen, M.P. Sharma, H. G. Harris, and D.L. Whiteman.. Numerical Investigations of Steam and Hot-Water Flooding in Fractured Porous Media. SPE/DOE24172,1992: 169-178
[43] T.W..Stone, J. Bennett. Thermal Simulation With Multisegment Wells. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering(June 2002),206-218
[44] Hui Xu, Desbrandes. Formation Evalution Using In-Situ Measurements of Formation Thermal Properties. SPWLA, 31th, Annal Logging, Symposium, 1991
[45] B. Corre, R. Eymard. Numerical Computation of Temperature Distribution in a Wellbore While Drilling. SPE13208,1984
[46] 王弥康．注蒸汽井井筒热传递的定量计算．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，1994，18(4)：77-82
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