地震导致的井—含水层系统应变与地下水位变化关系研究
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摘要
地震是地壳运动中岩石应力—应变积累与释放的结果,应变的变化过程是表征地震活动的最直接因素。地下水作为地壳中最活跃的组分之一,具有普遍性、流动性与难压缩性的特点,对于封闭良好的承压含水层来说,井—含水层系统相当于高灵敏度的体应变仪。地下水微动态变化,是了解地下应力状态、现时构造运动及地震活动线索和探寻地震前兆的重要信息。
华北地块是中国大陆东部地震活动最强的地区,也是我国地震重点监视区域。1998年1月10日11时50分在河北省张北县发生了Ms6.2级地震。该地震发生于历史和现今地震活动水平不高的地区,是弱地震活动区的一次强震。纵观张北6.2级地震的研究历史,对于地震造成的区域地壳应变,以及应变与地下水位异常关系的研究仍然较少。
本文收集整理了华北地区张家口、延庆五里营、昌黎何家庄、孝义等11口井在张北地震发生前后一个月的整点水位观测资料,运用多项式拟合、数字滤波等方法对其进行了处理、提取出水位的固体潮成分。并通过调和分析计算出潮汐因子,进而根据水位与体应变之间的相关关系反演出含水层体的应变量。然后通过位错模型模拟出地震发生时区域内的应变场,计算出了地壳的应变量值,并与反演值进行了比对分析。
结果显示,井水位的固体潮效应主要来自于M2波的影响,沿断裂带不同展布方向,体应变变化量级有较大差异。地壳应变在区域内呈四象限分布,并且拉张区域应变要比压缩区域应变大一个数量级。采用两种方法计算得到的体应变值能够相互吻合,相互印证,说明水位固体潮效应反演体应变具有可行性,其结果具有可信性。
Earthquakes are the results of rocks' stress-strain accumulation and release in the crustal movement. The change process of crustal strain is the most direct factors of seismic activity. As the most active components of the Earth's crust, the groundwater is universal, liquidity and difficult compression. Wells-aquifer system equivalent to a high sensitivity Volume strain gauge in closed good confined aquifer. Groundwater micro dynamic change, is the clue to understand underground stress state, current tectonic movement and seismic activity, is also the important information to explore earthquake precursors.
North China block is the strongest earthquake activity area, is also the key area for earthquake monitoring. Ms6.2 earthquake occurred on January 10, 1998, 11 50 points in ZhangbeiXian, Hebei province. The earthquake occurred in the area which seismic activity level is not high in history and current, is a strong earthquake in weak region. Throughout the zhangbei Ms6.2 quake research history, research on the regional caused by earthquake, and relationship between strain and groundwater level anomalies is still less.
This paper collected 11 wells observation data of groundwater level on the hour in the North China region. Using polynomial fitting method and digital filtering method to process the observation data, and extract tidal components of water level. We can compute tides factor through the harmonic analysis, and inversion calculate aquifer Volume strain according to the relationship between groundwater level and aquifer Volume strain. Then we will simulate Seismic strain field within the region using dislocation model, calculate the strain value in the earth's crust, and comparative analysis the simulated results and the computational result.
The results showed that groundwater tidal effect mainly comes from the influence of M2 wave. Along fault zones different direction, changes of strain orders of magnitude show bigger difference. The strain is four quadrant distribution in the area, strain in tensile area is one order of magnitude larger than strain in compressive area. Strain value calculated by using the two methods can be consistent with each other, it shows that the method is feasible inversion calculating aquifer volume strain according to groundwater tidal effect, and calculation result have credibility.
华北地块是中国大陆东部地震活动最强的地区,也是我国地震重点监视区域。1998年1月10日11时50分在河北省张北县发生了Ms6.2级地震。该地震发生于历史和现今地震活动水平不高的地区,是弱地震活动区的一次强震。纵观张北6.2级地震的研究历史,对于地震造成的区域地壳应变,以及应变与地下水位异常关系的研究仍然较少。
本文收集整理了华北地区张家口、延庆五里营、昌黎何家庄、孝义等11口井在张北地震发生前后一个月的整点水位观测资料,运用多项式拟合、数字滤波等方法对其进行了处理、提取出水位的固体潮成分。并通过调和分析计算出潮汐因子,进而根据水位与体应变之间的相关关系反演出含水层体的应变量。然后通过位错模型模拟出地震发生时区域内的应变场,计算出了地壳的应变量值,并与反演值进行了比对分析。
结果显示,井水位的固体潮效应主要来自于M2波的影响,沿断裂带不同展布方向,体应变变化量级有较大差异。地壳应变在区域内呈四象限分布,并且拉张区域应变要比压缩区域应变大一个数量级。采用两种方法计算得到的体应变值能够相互吻合,相互印证,说明水位固体潮效应反演体应变具有可行性,其结果具有可信性。
Earthquakes are the results of rocks' stress-strain accumulation and release in the crustal movement. The change process of crustal strain is the most direct factors of seismic activity. As the most active components of the Earth's crust, the groundwater is universal, liquidity and difficult compression. Wells-aquifer system equivalent to a high sensitivity Volume strain gauge in closed good confined aquifer. Groundwater micro dynamic change, is the clue to understand underground stress state, current tectonic movement and seismic activity, is also the important information to explore earthquake precursors.
North China block is the strongest earthquake activity area, is also the key area for earthquake monitoring. Ms6.2 earthquake occurred on January 10, 1998, 11 50 points in ZhangbeiXian, Hebei province. The earthquake occurred in the area which seismic activity level is not high in history and current, is a strong earthquake in weak region. Throughout the zhangbei Ms6.2 quake research history, research on the regional caused by earthquake, and relationship between strain and groundwater level anomalies is still less.
This paper collected 11 wells observation data of groundwater level on the hour in the North China region. Using polynomial fitting method and digital filtering method to process the observation data, and extract tidal components of water level. We can compute tides factor through the harmonic analysis, and inversion calculate aquifer Volume strain according to the relationship between groundwater level and aquifer Volume strain. Then we will simulate Seismic strain field within the region using dislocation model, calculate the strain value in the earth's crust, and comparative analysis the simulated results and the computational result.
The results showed that groundwater tidal effect mainly comes from the influence of M2 wave. Along fault zones different direction, changes of strain orders of magnitude show bigger difference. The strain is four quadrant distribution in the area, strain in tensile area is one order of magnitude larger than strain in compressive area. Strain value calculated by using the two methods can be consistent with each other, it shows that the method is feasible inversion calculating aquifer volume strain according to groundwater tidal effect, and calculation result have credibility.
引文
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