回转干馏炉内油页岩颗粒混合运动特性实验与数值模拟
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摘要
油页岩是一种化石能源,油页岩颗粒在回转干馏炉中停留时间及与固体热载体的混合度是干馏工艺的关键参数,直接关系到干馏气的产量及干馏炉操作与结构参数的优化。本文以回转式干馏炉为研究对象,从理论和实验两个方面深入开展了油页岩颗粒在回转干馏炉内的停留时间及混合运动特性的研究。
自行设计搭建了回转干馏冷态试验装置,通过改变干馏炉操作参数及结构参数实验,详细研究了装置内部抄板结构、出口挡料圈、填充率、转速及倾角等参数对油页岩颗粒在回转干馏炉内停留时间的影响。结果表明：随转速、倾角和填充率提高,颗粒在干馏炉内的平均停留时间降低；具有直抄板干馏炉内颗粒平均停留时间小于具有直角抄板的干馏炉内颗粒平均停留时间。理论上,采用统计学方法对停留时间分布特性进行分析,去掉测量时的停留时间岐离值后油页岩颗粒在回转干馏炉内停留时间不拒绝正态性。
通过改变干馏炉操作及结构等相关参数,对油页岩颗粒和固体热载体在回转干馏炉内的出口及轴向混合度进行了详细的实验研究。探讨了具有抄板的回转干馏炉内混合机理及影响参数,获得了回转干馏炉出口混合度达到混合效果最佳状态。通过正交试验直观分析法分析,确定了影响油页岩和固体热载体在回转干馏炉轴向混合因素的影响,影响程度大小依次为抄板形式、填充率、倾角、转速、出口挡板。
基于回转干馏炉内不同粒度分布的油页岩混合实验,详细研究了填充率、转速等运行参数对颗粒运动模式的影响,探寻了颗粒群的混合机理。从混合机理角度分析,填充率小于33.3%时,随着转速降低,直角抄板与直抄板由对流混合占主导作用均转变为剪切混合增强,但整体混合效果降低；填充率在50%时,随着转速降低,油页岩颗粒群混合程度直角抄板优于直抄板。
基于回转干馏炉内的颗粒混合机理,建立了干馏炉内颗粒接触与颗粒运动的离散单元数学模型。通过模拟计算,仿真分析了抄板形式、填充率、转速等因素对2种粒径颗粒在干馏炉内径向混合运动的影响。结果表明,干馏炉内未设抄板时径向混合较差,大颗粒主要集中在颗粒层的上表面和干馏炉的外围区域,而小颗粒则集中在中心区域,混合过程中存在混合死区。干馏炉内设抄板时,抄板在不同程度上破坏了自由表面流,增强了颗粒间的混合。转速和抄板形式对颗粒径向混合程度的影响还与填充率有关,填充率为16.7%时,相同转速下,干馏炉内设直抄板时混合较优,转速对混合程度的影响很小；填充率为33.3%时,转速1 Or/min,干馏炉内设弯抄板时混合较优。而在轴向混合过程中,颗粒粒径差异对颗粒间混合的影响较大,大颗粒轴向运动的速度较快。
为准确估算油页岩颗粒在回转干馏炉内的平均停留时间和出口混合度,建立了支持向量机颗粒运动特性模型,在一定约束条件下,寻找回归最优参数方法对模型的参数进行了优化,获得了最优的模型参数。通过实验数据对模型进行了校验和参数的寻优,利用优化后的模型对平均停留时间和出口混合度进行了预测。结果表明,优化后的模型更具精确性。
Oil Shale is a kind of fossil energy. The mean residence time (MRT) and mixing (M) of oil shale in rotary retorting is the key parameters, which affect the production of retorting gas and the optimization of operation and structure parameters on rotary retorting directly. Research work is built on self-designed laboratory-scale cool simulator rotary retorting. The experiment and theory research studies the motion & mixing characteristics (MRT & M) in rotary retorting.
The research studies residence time distribution of oil shale particle in rotary retorting with changing operating parameters and structure parameters. Experimental results show that the MRT reduced with an increase in the degree of filling, the angle and the speed of rotary retorting, and the MRT of Spur lifting flight little. Through statistical analysis of the residence time, the residence time distribution of oil shale particle in rotary retorting do not reject normality after reduce the straggler residence time.
The experiment studies exit and mixing degree of axial direction of oil shale particle and solid heat carrier in rotary retorting with changing operating parameters and structure parameters. The mixing degree optimized by using right-angled flights forms at 20% vessel filling percentage and 3.24°dip angle with 13.3rpm rotation speed during statistic analysis, then the mixing degree of rotary retorting was at best mixed results. Orthogonal test direct analysis was used to analyze the test data, which identified the optimal conditions (right angle,100mm,4.33°,7.7r/min) of the rotary retorting axial extent of mixing of oil shale and solid heat carrier, in accordance with the impact of mixing the mixed factors were the lifting flight types, the vessel filling percentage, the angle, the rotational speed of rotary retorting and the outlet baffle.
The research studies the impact of the vessel filling percentage, rotational speed and other operating parameters on particle motion model through observed the mixed progress of different density distribution oil shale particle in rotary retorting, at the same time, researches mixed mechanism of particles. When the filling degree is less then 33%, right-angled flights and straight flights dominated by the convective mixing into shear mixing effects enhance and the integral effect of mixed reduced with the reduce on the speed of rotary retorting; when the filling degree is 50%, right-angled flights is better than straight flights with the reduce on the speed of rotary retorting.
The research simulates the mixing of particles in rotary retorting by use of discrete element method (DEM), the impact of flights forms, vessel filling percentage and rotational speed on two kinds of particles in rotary retorting are studied. Experimental results show that radial mixing is poor when rotary retorting without flights installed, the moon pattern appears in which the small particles concentrate in a central core and the large particles distribute in the periphery, there is dead region with inferior mixing. The flights destroyed segregation in "lifting and castrating" particles periodically which causes the segregation of particles with flights installed. The flights form and the rotational speed of rotary retorting have influences on particle mixing inordinately, which is closely related to filling degree, when the filling degree is 16.7%, the mixing is optimum in rotary retorting containing right-angled flights with the same speed, the rotational speed has little effect on mixing quality, when the filling degree is 33.3%, the mixing is optimum in rotary retorting containing 120°angled flights with the rotational speed is lOr/min. There have large influences on particle mixing between different particle diameters in axial mixing, the axial movement of large particles is faster than small particles.
The forecast to the mean residence time and extent of mixing is useful to the forecasting of the distillation effect of oil shale particle and solid heat carrier in rotary retorting. In order to improve the accuracy of predicting performance for the mean residence time and extent of mixing, a support vector machine (SVM) model is employed, and parameters of the SVM model optimized by grid regression and best parameters were obtained. The compositions of the operation and structure parameters were employed as inputs, and the mean residence time and extent of mixing was used as outputs of the SVM model. The model was verified with the experiment datum, result of prediction by the optimized SVM model was compared with the test datum, and the result show the SVM model has achieved good predicting performance for both the mean residence time and extent of mixing.
自行设计搭建了回转干馏冷态试验装置,通过改变干馏炉操作参数及结构参数实验,详细研究了装置内部抄板结构、出口挡料圈、填充率、转速及倾角等参数对油页岩颗粒在回转干馏炉内停留时间的影响。结果表明：随转速、倾角和填充率提高,颗粒在干馏炉内的平均停留时间降低；具有直抄板干馏炉内颗粒平均停留时间小于具有直角抄板的干馏炉内颗粒平均停留时间。理论上,采用统计学方法对停留时间分布特性进行分析,去掉测量时的停留时间岐离值后油页岩颗粒在回转干馏炉内停留时间不拒绝正态性。
通过改变干馏炉操作及结构等相关参数,对油页岩颗粒和固体热载体在回转干馏炉内的出口及轴向混合度进行了详细的实验研究。探讨了具有抄板的回转干馏炉内混合机理及影响参数,获得了回转干馏炉出口混合度达到混合效果最佳状态。通过正交试验直观分析法分析,确定了影响油页岩和固体热载体在回转干馏炉轴向混合因素的影响,影响程度大小依次为抄板形式、填充率、倾角、转速、出口挡板。
基于回转干馏炉内不同粒度分布的油页岩混合实验,详细研究了填充率、转速等运行参数对颗粒运动模式的影响,探寻了颗粒群的混合机理。从混合机理角度分析,填充率小于33.3%时,随着转速降低,直角抄板与直抄板由对流混合占主导作用均转变为剪切混合增强,但整体混合效果降低；填充率在50%时,随着转速降低,油页岩颗粒群混合程度直角抄板优于直抄板。
基于回转干馏炉内的颗粒混合机理,建立了干馏炉内颗粒接触与颗粒运动的离散单元数学模型。通过模拟计算,仿真分析了抄板形式、填充率、转速等因素对2种粒径颗粒在干馏炉内径向混合运动的影响。结果表明,干馏炉内未设抄板时径向混合较差,大颗粒主要集中在颗粒层的上表面和干馏炉的外围区域,而小颗粒则集中在中心区域,混合过程中存在混合死区。干馏炉内设抄板时,抄板在不同程度上破坏了自由表面流,增强了颗粒间的混合。转速和抄板形式对颗粒径向混合程度的影响还与填充率有关,填充率为16.7%时,相同转速下,干馏炉内设直抄板时混合较优,转速对混合程度的影响很小；填充率为33.3%时,转速1 Or/min,干馏炉内设弯抄板时混合较优。而在轴向混合过程中,颗粒粒径差异对颗粒间混合的影响较大,大颗粒轴向运动的速度较快。
为准确估算油页岩颗粒在回转干馏炉内的平均停留时间和出口混合度,建立了支持向量机颗粒运动特性模型,在一定约束条件下,寻找回归最优参数方法对模型的参数进行了优化,获得了最优的模型参数。通过实验数据对模型进行了校验和参数的寻优,利用优化后的模型对平均停留时间和出口混合度进行了预测。结果表明,优化后的模型更具精确性。
Oil Shale is a kind of fossil energy. The mean residence time (MRT) and mixing (M) of oil shale in rotary retorting is the key parameters, which affect the production of retorting gas and the optimization of operation and structure parameters on rotary retorting directly. Research work is built on self-designed laboratory-scale cool simulator rotary retorting. The experiment and theory research studies the motion & mixing characteristics (MRT & M) in rotary retorting.
The research studies residence time distribution of oil shale particle in rotary retorting with changing operating parameters and structure parameters. Experimental results show that the MRT reduced with an increase in the degree of filling, the angle and the speed of rotary retorting, and the MRT of Spur lifting flight little. Through statistical analysis of the residence time, the residence time distribution of oil shale particle in rotary retorting do not reject normality after reduce the straggler residence time.
The experiment studies exit and mixing degree of axial direction of oil shale particle and solid heat carrier in rotary retorting with changing operating parameters and structure parameters. The mixing degree optimized by using right-angled flights forms at 20% vessel filling percentage and 3.24°dip angle with 13.3rpm rotation speed during statistic analysis, then the mixing degree of rotary retorting was at best mixed results. Orthogonal test direct analysis was used to analyze the test data, which identified the optimal conditions (right angle,100mm,4.33°,7.7r/min) of the rotary retorting axial extent of mixing of oil shale and solid heat carrier, in accordance with the impact of mixing the mixed factors were the lifting flight types, the vessel filling percentage, the angle, the rotational speed of rotary retorting and the outlet baffle.
The research studies the impact of the vessel filling percentage, rotational speed and other operating parameters on particle motion model through observed the mixed progress of different density distribution oil shale particle in rotary retorting, at the same time, researches mixed mechanism of particles. When the filling degree is less then 33%, right-angled flights and straight flights dominated by the convective mixing into shear mixing effects enhance and the integral effect of mixed reduced with the reduce on the speed of rotary retorting; when the filling degree is 50%, right-angled flights is better than straight flights with the reduce on the speed of rotary retorting.
The research simulates the mixing of particles in rotary retorting by use of discrete element method (DEM), the impact of flights forms, vessel filling percentage and rotational speed on two kinds of particles in rotary retorting are studied. Experimental results show that radial mixing is poor when rotary retorting without flights installed, the moon pattern appears in which the small particles concentrate in a central core and the large particles distribute in the periphery, there is dead region with inferior mixing. The flights destroyed segregation in "lifting and castrating" particles periodically which causes the segregation of particles with flights installed. The flights form and the rotational speed of rotary retorting have influences on particle mixing inordinately, which is closely related to filling degree, when the filling degree is 16.7%, the mixing is optimum in rotary retorting containing right-angled flights with the same speed, the rotational speed has little effect on mixing quality, when the filling degree is 33.3%, the mixing is optimum in rotary retorting containing 120°angled flights with the rotational speed is lOr/min. There have large influences on particle mixing between different particle diameters in axial mixing, the axial movement of large particles is faster than small particles.
The forecast to the mean residence time and extent of mixing is useful to the forecasting of the distillation effect of oil shale particle and solid heat carrier in rotary retorting. In order to improve the accuracy of predicting performance for the mean residence time and extent of mixing, a support vector machine (SVM) model is employed, and parameters of the SVM model optimized by grid regression and best parameters were obtained. The compositions of the operation and structure parameters were employed as inputs, and the mean residence time and extent of mixing was used as outputs of the SVM model. The model was verified with the experiment datum, result of prediction by the optimized SVM model was compared with the test datum, and the result show the SVM model has achieved good predicting performance for both the mean residence time and extent of mixing.
引文
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