船舶减摇鳍/减摇水舱综合减摇试验装置研究
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摘要
目前的减横摇技术主要是采用单独的减摇装置,而单独使用减摇鳍或减摇水舱,在功能上存在局限性。(1)因为鳍的升力与船速平方成正比,所以在航速较高时,减摇鳍的减摇效果明显,在低航速和零航速时,几乎没有减摇作用。(2)尽管减摇水舱能在各种航速下减摇,但与减摇鳍相比,其具有较低的减摇性能。(3)减摇鳍在横浪下减摇效果最好,在其它浪向下的减摇效果不理想甚至不减摇;被动式减摇水舱是依靠水舱本身的横摇固有周期而工作,实际海浪周期与水舱固有周期相差较大时,水舱往往达不到预期的减摇效果,在某些海情下还可能发生增摇。
而减摇鳍/减摇水舱船舶综合减摇可以结合减摇鳍和减摇水舱的优点,使舰船在各种航速下都能够有效地减摇。对综合减摇进行理论研究的同时,建立综合减摇试验装置并根据其工作特点,通过合理的分析综合减摇数学模型,研究其在试验装置上的实现方法,并对综合减摇进行试验研究,可为船舶装备综合减摇装置提供理论和试验基础。
本文在查阅大量国内外资料的基础上,对减摇鳍/减摇水舱船舶综合减摇的相关理论进行了深入分析和研究,并对其试验装置特性进行了分析,确定了综合减摇在试验装置上的实现方法,并进行了仿真和试验研究。
首先,通过分析船舶—减摇鳍系统数学模型和船舶—被动水舱系统数学模型的特点,建立了减摇鳍/减摇水舱综合减摇系统的数学模型;讨论了综合减摇系统中引入减摇鳍和减摇水舱对横摇方程的影响,研究了鳍和水舱的相互作用对静特征数以及综合减摇效果的影响;
其次,对综合减摇试验装置进行特性分析,研究了台架模拟船舶横摇方程参数的方法,对试验台架横摇阻尼系数进行了试验研究和分析;在此基础上结合减摇鳍和水舱装置构建了综合减摇试验台,确定了鳍和水舱的相关参数;研究了水舱尺寸的变化对相关参数的影响,并对综合减摇试验台中台架伺服系统数学模型进行了介绍,对海浪进行了理论分析与仿真。
再次,结合综合减摇试验装置的特点,提出综合减摇系统在试验装置上实现的关键问题。通过对综合减摇数学模型的分析,提出在综合减摇试验装置上实现综合减摇数学模型的两种方法:按力矩控制原理的二项式法和横摇无因次衰减系数法,并对二种方法进行仿真研究和对比分析。
最后,对综合减摇试验装置进行了试验研究。通过试验对力矩反馈的可行性和台架模拟船舶横摇运动的准确性进行测试,对被动水舱的固有周期、被动水舱减摇效果、减摇鳍减摇效果及综合减摇装置减摇效果等进行了试验测试和对比分析。
At present, single stabilization equipment is mainly used to decrease the ship rolling angle in stabilization technics, while there are some limitations in function when fin stabilizer or anti-rolling tank is used solely. (1) Because the fin's lift force is in proportion to ship speed, so the fin stabilizer has better stabilization effect at higher speed, it almost loses function at lower speed or zero speed. (2) Although anti-rolling tank can decrease roll angle at each speed, compared with fin stabilizer, it has lower stabilization capability. (3) Fin stabilizer has the best stabilization effect at beam sea, but has worse or no effect at other wave direction. Passive anti-rolling tank works depending on its natural period, when wave period is different obviously from its natural period, the prospective effect can't be reached by tank and perhaps the phenomenon of increasing roll angle can be caused by tank.
While the integrated stabilization method can combine the merits of fin stabilizer and anti-rolling tank to decease ship's rolling angles effectively at each speed. At the time theoretical research is taken on integrated stabilization of ship, synchronously the integrated stabilization experimental equipment is set up, and according to its characteristics the integrated stabilization mathematical model is analyzed, the realization method on experimental equipment and also the test are studied, these can provide theory and test foundations for ship equipped with integrated stabilization equipments.
The paper is based on synthesizing numerous literatures and reference materials at home and abroad, the related theories of fin/tank integrated stabilization are deeply studied and the characteristics of experimental equipments are analyzed, the methods used to realize integrated stabilization on experiments are determined, then the simulations and tests are carried out.
Firstly, the mathematical models' characteristics of ship-fin stabilizer and ship-passive anti-rolling tank are analyzed, the integrated stabilization model of fin/tank is set up and the influences on roll motion equation are discussed after fin and tank are applied in integrated stabilization system. The influences of actions between fin and tank on static characteristics and integrated stabilization effect are researched.
Secondly, the characteristics of integrated stabilization experimental equipment are analyzed and the method used to simulate parameters of ship rolling equation by platform is studied, the test has been done to research the damping coefficient of test platform. The integrated stabilization test-bed is set up on base of combining fin stabilizer and tank equipments, their parameters are determined and the influence of tank dimension variation on related parameters are studied, the servo system model of platform in test-bed system is introduced and also the wave theory is analyzed and simulation is finished.
Thirdly, combined the characteristics of the integrated stabilization experimental equipments, the key problems and two methods are brought forward to realize the integrated stabilization system on experimental equipment through analyzing the mathematical model, the simulation results are studied and analyzed between the binomial equation method and roll non-dimensional extinction coefficient method.
At last, the tests research on experimental equipment are performed to check the feasibility of moment feedback, the veracity of platform simulating ship roll motion. The period of passive anti-rolling tank, the stabilization effects of anti-rolling tank, fin stabilizer and integrated stabilization system are measured and contrasted.
而减摇鳍/减摇水舱船舶综合减摇可以结合减摇鳍和减摇水舱的优点,使舰船在各种航速下都能够有效地减摇。对综合减摇进行理论研究的同时,建立综合减摇试验装置并根据其工作特点,通过合理的分析综合减摇数学模型,研究其在试验装置上的实现方法,并对综合减摇进行试验研究,可为船舶装备综合减摇装置提供理论和试验基础。
本文在查阅大量国内外资料的基础上,对减摇鳍/减摇水舱船舶综合减摇的相关理论进行了深入分析和研究,并对其试验装置特性进行了分析,确定了综合减摇在试验装置上的实现方法,并进行了仿真和试验研究。
首先,通过分析船舶—减摇鳍系统数学模型和船舶—被动水舱系统数学模型的特点,建立了减摇鳍/减摇水舱综合减摇系统的数学模型;讨论了综合减摇系统中引入减摇鳍和减摇水舱对横摇方程的影响,研究了鳍和水舱的相互作用对静特征数以及综合减摇效果的影响;
其次,对综合减摇试验装置进行特性分析,研究了台架模拟船舶横摇方程参数的方法,对试验台架横摇阻尼系数进行了试验研究和分析;在此基础上结合减摇鳍和水舱装置构建了综合减摇试验台,确定了鳍和水舱的相关参数;研究了水舱尺寸的变化对相关参数的影响,并对综合减摇试验台中台架伺服系统数学模型进行了介绍,对海浪进行了理论分析与仿真。
再次,结合综合减摇试验装置的特点,提出综合减摇系统在试验装置上实现的关键问题。通过对综合减摇数学模型的分析,提出在综合减摇试验装置上实现综合减摇数学模型的两种方法:按力矩控制原理的二项式法和横摇无因次衰减系数法,并对二种方法进行仿真研究和对比分析。
最后,对综合减摇试验装置进行了试验研究。通过试验对力矩反馈的可行性和台架模拟船舶横摇运动的准确性进行测试,对被动水舱的固有周期、被动水舱减摇效果、减摇鳍减摇效果及综合减摇装置减摇效果等进行了试验测试和对比分析。
At present, single stabilization equipment is mainly used to decrease the ship rolling angle in stabilization technics, while there are some limitations in function when fin stabilizer or anti-rolling tank is used solely. (1) Because the fin's lift force is in proportion to ship speed, so the fin stabilizer has better stabilization effect at higher speed, it almost loses function at lower speed or zero speed. (2) Although anti-rolling tank can decrease roll angle at each speed, compared with fin stabilizer, it has lower stabilization capability. (3) Fin stabilizer has the best stabilization effect at beam sea, but has worse or no effect at other wave direction. Passive anti-rolling tank works depending on its natural period, when wave period is different obviously from its natural period, the prospective effect can't be reached by tank and perhaps the phenomenon of increasing roll angle can be caused by tank.
While the integrated stabilization method can combine the merits of fin stabilizer and anti-rolling tank to decease ship's rolling angles effectively at each speed. At the time theoretical research is taken on integrated stabilization of ship, synchronously the integrated stabilization experimental equipment is set up, and according to its characteristics the integrated stabilization mathematical model is analyzed, the realization method on experimental equipment and also the test are studied, these can provide theory and test foundations for ship equipped with integrated stabilization equipments.
The paper is based on synthesizing numerous literatures and reference materials at home and abroad, the related theories of fin/tank integrated stabilization are deeply studied and the characteristics of experimental equipments are analyzed, the methods used to realize integrated stabilization on experiments are determined, then the simulations and tests are carried out.
Firstly, the mathematical models' characteristics of ship-fin stabilizer and ship-passive anti-rolling tank are analyzed, the integrated stabilization model of fin/tank is set up and the influences on roll motion equation are discussed after fin and tank are applied in integrated stabilization system. The influences of actions between fin and tank on static characteristics and integrated stabilization effect are researched.
Secondly, the characteristics of integrated stabilization experimental equipment are analyzed and the method used to simulate parameters of ship rolling equation by platform is studied, the test has been done to research the damping coefficient of test platform. The integrated stabilization test-bed is set up on base of combining fin stabilizer and tank equipments, their parameters are determined and the influence of tank dimension variation on related parameters are studied, the servo system model of platform in test-bed system is introduced and also the wave theory is analyzed and simulation is finished.
Thirdly, combined the characteristics of the integrated stabilization experimental equipments, the key problems and two methods are brought forward to realize the integrated stabilization system on experimental equipment through analyzing the mathematical model, the simulation results are studied and analyzed between the binomial equation method and roll non-dimensional extinction coefficient method.
At last, the tests research on experimental equipment are performed to check the feasibility of moment feedback, the veracity of platform simulating ship roll motion. The period of passive anti-rolling tank, the stabilization effects of anti-rolling tank, fin stabilizer and integrated stabilization system are measured and contrasted.
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