大肠菌群快速检测培养基的研制及评价
|
摘要
背景及目的大肠菌群作为评价食品卫生质量的重要指标之一,已被广泛的应用于食品卫生领域,它不仅能反映被检测物是否被污染及受污染程度,而且在一定程度上也能反映出食品在生产、加工、运输及储存等过程中的卫生状况,其检出具有重要的微生物学意义。我国的食品卫生微生物学检验国家标准(GB4789)系列中,大肠菌群的测定常常作为必检项目。目前,对于大肠菌群的检测有很多类方法,最为广泛采用的仍是国标三步法检测,此法具有准确、可靠等优点,但检测周期长,操作繁琐,耗时费力,且不能满足快速检测的需求,所以寻求快速、准确、并且操作简单的大肠菌群检测方法,是食品安全部门亟待解决的问题。上世纪末法国科玛嘉公司发明的显色培养基技术从一定程度上解决了关于微生物常规检测中出现的难题,目前国内使用最多的是进口的大肠菌群显色培养基产品,价格昂贵,成本高,而且配制过程中对温度、实验环境等外在因素要求比较严格,因此不适用于现场检测工作。为了满足国内食品检验对大肠菌群快速检测培养基的实际需求,本课题利用微生物所具有的特异性酶及其相对应的显色底物研制出一种能快速检测大肠菌群的鉴别显色培养基,并对其实际应用价值进行评价,以期获得快速、准确、敏感度高、特异性强并且适用于实时监测工作的经济型检测产品。方法以初步筛选的普通营养琼脂平板为基础,添加促大肠菌群生长和抑制杂菌生长等物质,如琼脂、蛋白胨、酵母粉、乳糖、氯化钠、月桂基硫酸钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾等,同时设计相应的酶显色底物及添加方式,通过两组正交优化实验,确定其最终配方,形成大肠菌群显色培养基平板(Coliform Chromogenic Medium)以下简称为CCM。观察培养基的显色效果,以大肠菌群标准菌株及其他食源性致病菌标准菌株、100份实际食物样品为对象；准确可靠的国标检测法为参考,从检测时间及成本、平板效率、特异性、敏感度和准确性等方面综合评价该显色培养基的性能。结果①该培养基在37℃培养18h就可直接观察菌落颜色来鉴别大肠菌群菌属,显色清晰,结果易于观察,并且检测成本明显低于现有的大肠菌群国标检测法。②该显色培养基与国标法中采用的鉴别培养基结晶紫中性红胆盐琼脂(VRBA)的出菌率即平板效率对比,差异无显著性(t=0.578,P>0.05)。③该显色培养基的特异性和敏感度分别能达到100%和90%,证实具有较高的敏感度和特异性。④用实际食物样品进行评价,该方法与国标法的检测准确性比较,差异无显著性(Z2=0.125,P>0.05)。结论自主研制的大肠菌群快速检测显色培养基具有快速、准确、灵敏度和特异性高等优点,可用于实际食品卫生微生物的初筛工作。
Background and ObjectivesColiform level, one of the important indicators in food hygiene evaluation, has been widely used in the field of food hygiene monitoring. The detection of coliform bacteria has important significance because coliform bacteria can reflect not only the evidence of food contamination and the degree of contamination, but also the status of food sanitation during production, processing, transportation and storage process at some extent. The coliform bacteria detection is compulsive for food hygiene in national standard (GB4789) of China. Many methods are available for the determination of coliform bacteria in food, of which GB assay is the most widely used one. It is characterized in good accuracy, reliability, long checking time, and complicated procedure. The time consuming, and exhausting in manpower and resources limited its application on quick spot check for food sanitation. It is urgent to find out a faster and accurate detecting method to overcome the above disadvantages. The late of last century, the chromogenic media developed by French CHROMagar Company solved the problem of coliform detection to a certain extent. The preparation techniques for these medium were complex and not suitable for large scale sample detection. The goal of the study is to establish a rapid and accurate Chromogenic Medium for coliform detection in food samples and to evaluate the efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of the Medium.MethodsTaking the ordinary agar medium as the basic component, the Coliform Chromogenic Medium was made by adding some substances that can promote coliform growth and inhibit other bacteria growth, such as agar, peptone, yeast extract, lactose, sodium chloride, sodium lauryl sulfate. The Medium contained enzymatic coloration substrates. The optimum formulation of the coliform Chromogenic Medium (hereinafter referred to as "CCM") was confirmed through two sets of optimization experiments and orthogonal experiment. By referring the GB method, comparing the detecting duration, efficiency, the coloration CCM, The capability of CCM was evaluated through the detection time, plate efficiency, specificity, sensitivity and accuracy100food samples contaminated with standard coliform strains and other bacterial strains of foodborne. The resultsColiform bacteria genus could be easily identified from the Chromogenic Medium under the cultural condition of37℃for18hour in the CCM. There was no significant difference (t=0.578, P>0.05) between the GB method (crystal violet neutral red bile salt agar) and the CCM method in the plating efficiency. The specificity and sensitivity of the CCM reached to100%and90%respectively. There was no significant difference (x2=0.125, P>0.05) between CCM method and the GB international standard method in the detection results.ConclusionThe developed CCM method is rapid, accurate, sensitive and specific.CCM is suitable for spot check on food hygiene regarding Coliform bacteria.
Background and ObjectivesColiform level, one of the important indicators in food hygiene evaluation, has been widely used in the field of food hygiene monitoring. The detection of coliform bacteria has important significance because coliform bacteria can reflect not only the evidence of food contamination and the degree of contamination, but also the status of food sanitation during production, processing, transportation and storage process at some extent. The coliform bacteria detection is compulsive for food hygiene in national standard (GB4789) of China. Many methods are available for the determination of coliform bacteria in food, of which GB assay is the most widely used one. It is characterized in good accuracy, reliability, long checking time, and complicated procedure. The time consuming, and exhausting in manpower and resources limited its application on quick spot check for food sanitation. It is urgent to find out a faster and accurate detecting method to overcome the above disadvantages. The late of last century, the chromogenic media developed by French CHROMagar Company solved the problem of coliform detection to a certain extent. The preparation techniques for these medium were complex and not suitable for large scale sample detection. The goal of the study is to establish a rapid and accurate Chromogenic Medium for coliform detection in food samples and to evaluate the efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of the Medium.MethodsTaking the ordinary agar medium as the basic component, the Coliform Chromogenic Medium was made by adding some substances that can promote coliform growth and inhibit other bacteria growth, such as agar, peptone, yeast extract, lactose, sodium chloride, sodium lauryl sulfate. The Medium contained enzymatic coloration substrates. The optimum formulation of the coliform Chromogenic Medium (hereinafter referred to as "CCM") was confirmed through two sets of optimization experiments and orthogonal experiment. By referring the GB method, comparing the detecting duration, efficiency, the coloration CCM, The capability of CCM was evaluated through the detection time, plate efficiency, specificity, sensitivity and accuracy100food samples contaminated with standard coliform strains and other bacterial strains of foodborne. The resultsColiform bacteria genus could be easily identified from the Chromogenic Medium under the cultural condition of37℃for18hour in the CCM. There was no significant difference (t=0.578, P>0.05) between the GB method (crystal violet neutral red bile salt agar) and the CCM method in the plating efficiency. The specificity and sensitivity of the CCM reached to100%and90%respectively. There was no significant difference (x2=0.125, P>0.05) between CCM method and the GB international standard method in the detection results.ConclusionThe developed CCM method is rapid, accurate, sensitive and specific.CCM is suitable for spot check on food hygiene regarding Coliform bacteria.
引文
[1]白凤翎,赵丽红.国内外食品卫生微生物标准体系探究[J].食品科技,2006.5：1-4
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 4789.3-2010.食品微生物学检验大肠菌群计数[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2010
[3]王立波,茶叶中大肠菌群检测方法的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].重庆：西南大学,2008
[4] Manafi M, Kneifel W, Bascomb S.Fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates used in bacterial diagnostics[J].Microbial.Rev,1991,55:335～348
[5]吴清平,周艳红,蔡芷荷.卫生微生物特异性显色培养基的研究与应用[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2005,15(1)：124～126
[6]刘浩.常用贮存液的配制之X-Gal溶液的配制[EB]2012,http://www.biobars.cn/a/iishu/shenghuayufenzi/20110519/6335,htm12012
[7]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局GB/T27405-2008.实验室质量控制规范食品微生物检测[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2008
[8]孙家莉.快速检测大肠杆菌和大肠菌群的试剂盒及其底物的合成方法[P].中国专利,131288.2002-07-31
[9]涂楚国.培养大肠菌群的培养基和检测大肠菌群的方法[P].中国专利,1062000.1922-06-11
[10]陈楚良.大肠菌群和大肠杆菌快速检测法[P].中国专利,1209456.1999-03-03
[11]黄小平.快速检测大肠菌群培养基及其制备方法[P].中国专利,1796568.2006-07-05
[12]吴清平.一种快速检测微生物的测试片[P].中国专利,101497914.2009-08-05
[13]严守雷.调味品中大肠菌群的快速检测方法[P].中国专利,101838676A.2010-09-22
[14]中国科学院数学研究所统计组.常见数理统计方法.北京：科学出版社[M],1974,34～82
[15]马长兴.正交与均匀试验设计.北京：科学出版社[M],2001,55～980
[16]卢勉飞,吴清平,刘云林等.特异性酶反应在食源性致病菌检测中的应用[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2005,15(3)：354-356
[17]诸葛健.工业微生物实验技术手册.北京：中国轻工业出版社[M],1994,26～30
[18]刘春梅,蔡芷荷,吴清平.食品卫生微生物检验中培养基的质量控制[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2007,17(4):700～701
[19]Lise H, Inger D, Anders D.Improved isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from Seawater and Sediment with Cellobiose-Colistin Agar[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1998:64(5):1721～1724
[20]王苏斌,郑海涛,邵谦谦等.SPSS统计分析.北京：机械工业出版社[M],2003：160-165
[21]中华人民共和国卫生部GB/T 4789.33-2003.食品卫生微生物学检验粮谷、果蔬类食品检验[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[22]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 7099-2003.糕点、面包卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[23]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 7100-2003.饼干卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[24]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 16565-2003.油炸小食品卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[25]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 17400-2003.方便面卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[26]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 17401-2003.膨化小食品卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[27]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 19295-2003.速冻预包装面米食品卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[28]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 21118-2007.馒头卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2007
[29]中华人民共和国农业部NYT1512-2007绿色食品生面食、米粉制品卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2007
[30]农生洲.微生物病原体快速检测技术进展[J].医学文选,2001,20(4)：520～521
[31]王则宇,念球菌显色培养基的研制和临床评价[D].[硕士学位论文].河南：郑州大学,2006
[32] Manafi M.Flurogenic and chromogenic enzyme substrates in culture media and identification tests[J].Int J Food Microbiol.1996,31(3):45～58
[33]Rompre A, Servais P, Baudart J, et al.Detection and enumeration of coliforms in drinking waterxurrent methods and emerging approaches[J].J Microbiol Methods.2002,49(1):31 ～ 54
[34] Manafi M.New developments in chromogenic and flurogenic culture media[J].Int J Food Microbiol,2000,60:205～218
[35]Enne de Boer.Update on media for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae from foods[J].Int J Food Microbio,1998,45:43～53
[36] Jesse O, Christian C, Mark B.Galactosylation thermodynamics of E.coli P-galac-tosidase by ONPG and PNPG [J].SCI,2001,8(4):303～306
[37] Berg JD, Fiksdal L.Rapid detection of total and fecal coliforms in water by enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferone-beta-D-galactoside[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,198 8,54(8):2118～2122
[38] Brenner KP, Rankin CC, Roybal YR, et al. New medium for the simultaneous detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in water[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1993,59(11):3534～ 3544
[39] Hahn G, Wittrock E.Comparison of chromogenic and fluorogenic substances for differe-ntiation of coliforms and E.coil softcheese[J].Acta Microbiol Hung,1991,38(34):265～271
[40]项鸣,韩伟.简易、快速检测冷冻食品中大肠菌群、大肠杆菌的纸片荧光法[J].食品科学,2004,25(1)：135～139
[41]魏晓敏.大肠菌群的检验[J].计量与测试技术,2007,34(7)：78～79
[42]杨宇,鄂延仕.十二烷基硫酸钠代替胆盐测定大肠菌群实验[J].微生物学杂志,1986,6(4)：35～36
[43]徐胜富,欧阳树珍,杨士平.洗及粉取代胆盐配制培养基检验大肠菌群的报告[J].蚌埠医学,1992,10(3)：43～44
[44]陈卫,张灏,葛佳佳等.β-半乳糖苜酶重组大肠杆菌诱导表达条件的研究[J].乳业科学与技术,2002,3：1～4
[45]陈卫,张灏,葛佳佳等.高温乳糖酶基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达[J].生物技术,2002,2(5)：8～11
[46]郝淑美,王宣军,张秀霞等.用乳糖作为诱导剂进行重组蛋白的表达[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2005,18(5)：409～411
[47]李兆鹏,张栩,徐斌等.重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵中乳糖诱导表达hBLyS[J].过程工程学报,2005,5(4)：446～449
1. 句立言,杨立秋,王世平等.大肠菌群检测技术研究进展[J].中国初级卫生保健,2008,22(5)55～56
2. 魏斌.乳品中大肠菌群快速检测研究[D].[硕十学位论文].江西：南昌大学,2011
3. 张雅君.乳制品中大肠菌群的鉴定与分类[J].农产品加工学刊,2010,(8)：45～48
4. 颜亦斌.浅述食品卫生检验的几种方法[J].包装与食品机械,2006,24(3)：42～45
5. 张建新.大肠菌群测定中应注意的几个问题和探讨[J].河北企业,2008,(7)：80
6. 刘锐萍.中国食品安全现状及食品标准发展趋势与问题分析[J].农产品安全,2007,(10),34-37
7. 姚勇芳,方壮育.食品中大肠菌群实际检测过程中关键问题的探讨[J].现代食品科技,2008,24(11)：1183～1185
8. Stears RL, Martinsky T, Schena M.Trends in microarray analysis[J].Nat Med,2003,9(1):140～145
9. 平凡,张守勇,武盛.国内外乳品微生物限量标准的比较[J].乳品加工,2006,(8)：58～60
10. Hoorfar J.Rapid detection, characterization, and enumeration of foodborne pathogens [J]. APMIS Suppl.2011,133:1-24
11.梁智安.食品中大肠菌群检测的新旧国标方法差异探讨[J].广西轻工业,2011,(6)：21～22
12.王立波,茶叶中大肠菌群检测方法的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].重庆：西南大学,2008
13.何淑华.论大肠菌群对食品安全的影响及其检测技术研究进展[J].中国食品,2009,(17)：69～70
14.刘京梅,张凌,赵君等.饮用水中大肠菌群检测技术的研究进展[J].国外医学(卫生学分册),2006,33(2)：73～78
15.邓钦光,刘志德.公共用具大肠菌群测定中采样方法的探索[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2009,20(6)：65～66
16.范治国,医药废水中大肠杆菌免疫快速检测方法研究[D].[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2011
17.国家环保总局.GB3838-2002,地表水环境质餐标准[S].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2002
18.白凤翎.国际食品中大肠杆菌相关检验标准探究[J].食品科技,2005,(9)：30～33
19.白凤翎,赵丽红.国内外食品卫生微生物标准体系探究[J].食品科技,2006,(5)：1～4
20. Bhaduri S, Cottrell B. Sample preparation methods for PCR detection of Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on beef chuck shoulder using a single enrichment medium[J]. Molecular and Cellular Probes,2001,15(5):267～274
21.王静,陈维娜,胡孔新等.大肠杆菌O157研胶体金免疫层析快速筛查方法的建立[J].卫生研究,2006,35(6)：439～441
22.吴灵,尚美丽,李雪芳等.基于自组装及纳米微球放大的大肠杆菌0157∶H7的压电免疫检测[J].株洲师范高等专科学校学报,2006,11(2)：52-56
23.中华人民共和国国家进出口商品检验局.SN 0169-92.出口食品中大肠菌群、粪火肠菌群和大肠杆菌检验方法[S].北京：中国标准出版社,1992
24.丁筠,食品微生物快速检测系统的研究[D],[硕士学位论文].吉林：吉林大学,2006
25.夏琴.多管发酵法测定水中大肠菌群过程中德汉氏小套管的倒置方法[J].中国环境监测,2000,16(5)：40
26.殷建华,万青.多管发酵法检测大肠菌群方法中倒管的改进[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2002,12(2)：153
27.赵冬云.大肠菌群检验不同步骤的结果比较[J].实用医技杂志,2006,23(13)：4107～4108
28.潘慧华,李晶晶等.大肠菌群一步发酵法检测的研究[J].食品科学,2006,12(27)：637～641
29. Bastholm S, Wahlstrom L, Bjergbaek LA, et al.A simple bioluminescence procedure for early warning detection of coliform bacteria in drinking water[J]. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology,2008,24(10):2323～2330
30. Sharpe AN, Hearn EM.Comparison of membrane filtration rates and hydrophobic grid membrane filter coliform and Escherichia coli counts in food suspensions using paddle2type and pulsifier sample preparation procedures[J]. J Food Prot,2000,63 (1):126～130
31.白凤翎.国家食品卫生标准大肠菌群检验方法探究[J].食品工业科技,2005,11(26)：179～181
32. Rompre A, Servais P, Baudart J, et al.Detection and enumeration of coliforms in drinking water:current methods and emerging approaches[J].J Microbiol Methods.2002,49(1):31～54
33.甄清,王一东等.延长初发酵培养时间对大肠菌群结果影响分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2007,19(1)：54～55
34.张莉莉.细菌总数及大肠菌群快速检测纸片的研究[D],[硕士学位论文].江西：南昌大学,2011
35. Organization for Standardization,International Standard ISO 9308-1.Water and enumeration of coliform organisms.thennotolerant coliform organisms quality-Detection and presumptive Escherichia coli-Part 1:Membrane filtration method,1990
36.张淑兰,韩秀媛,路金爽.滤膜法测定水中大肠菌群简便方法的研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,1999,11(4)：231～232
37.高凡,蒋懿.应用滤膜法检测粪火肠菌群方法[J].水资源研究,2009,30(3)：35～36
38.王萍,梁霞,张豫川.快速测定水中大肠菌群的方法研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(4)：124～128
39.张淑兰,韩秀媛,路金爽.检测水中大肠菌群的新滤膜法[J].中国公共卫生,1998,14(5)：296～297
40.关丽梅,钟宁.三种方法检测水中总大肠菌群的比较探讨[J].福建分析测试,2009,18(1)：65～67
41.柏景乐.大肠菌群快检纸片法检测非发酵性豆制品的卫生效果评价与分析[D].[硕士学位论文].河北：河北医科大学,2004
42. Maheux AF, Huppe V, Boissinot M, et al.Analytical limits of four beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase-based commercial culture methods used to detect Escherichia coli and total coliforms[J].J Microbiol Methods,2008,75(3):506～514
43.方尚玲,李世杰.饮用水中大肠菌群数测定的一种新方法[J].高等函数学报(自然科学版),2002,15(2)：41～42
44.谷康定.介绍一种新的检测饮用水中大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌的方法[J].环境与健康杂志,1993,(6)：285～288
45. Orenga S, James AL, Manafi M, et al.Enzymatic substrates in microbiology[J].J Microbiol Methods,2009,79(2):139～155
46.段玉林,张少梅,温韬等.酶底物法快速测定地表水中粪大肠菌群[J].环境研究与监测,2011,(4)：37～38
47. Manafi M, Kneifel W, Bascomb S.Fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates used in bacterial diagnostics[J].Microbial Rev,1991,55:335～348
48.吴清平,周艳红,蔡芷荷.卫生微生物特异性显色培养基的研究与应用[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2005,15(1)：124～126
49. Brenner KP, Rankin CC, Roybal YR, et al.New medium for the simultaneous detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in water[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1993,59(11): 3534-3544
50.吴庆,陈栎江,黎丽,等.科玛嘉大肠埃希菌显色培养基的临床应用评价[J].温州医学院学报,2009,39(5)：485～486
51.吴仲梁,韩伟,陶军等.快速检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的检测方法[J].中国食品工业,2003,(6)：56～57
52. Olivier G, Muriel W, Nicolas F, et al.Evaluation of CHROMagar Staphaureus, a new chromogenic medium,for isolation and presumptive identification of Staphylococcus aureus from human clinical [J].Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2000,38(4):1587～1591
53. Zmira S, Orit O, Judi B.Optimal detection of staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens using a new chromogenic medium[J].Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis,2004,49(4):243～247
54. John DP, Claire R, Lynne A, et al.Evaluation of SI aureus ID, a new chromogenic agarmedium for detection of staphylococcus aureus[J].Clin Microbiol,2003,41(12):5695～ 5698
55. Flayhart D, Lema C, Borek A, et al.Comparison of the BBL CHROMagar staph-aureus agar medium to conventional media for detection of staphylococcus aureus in respiratory samples[J].Clin Microbiol,2004,42(8):3566～3569
56. John DP, Claire R, Lynne A, et al.Evaluation of S1 aureus ID, a new chromogenic agar medium for detection of staphylococcus aureus[J].Clin Microbiol,2003,41(12):5695～5698
57. Schoeller NP, Ingham SC.Comparison of the B-P agar and 3M Petrifilm rapid S.aureus count plate methods for detection and enumeration of Saureus[J].Food Microbiol,2001,18(6):
581-587
58. Silva BO, Caraviello DZ, Rodrigues AC, et al.Evaluation of Petrifilm for the isolation of staphylococcus aureus from milk samples[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(8):3000～ 3008
59. John DP, Claire R, Lynne A, et al.Evaluation of S.aureusID,a new chromogenic agar medium for detec-tion of Staphylococcus aureus[J].Clin Microbiol,2003,41(12):5695～5698
60.黄汝添,吴清平,张菊梅等.三种金黄色葡萄球菌显色培养基检测效果的比较[J].微生物学通报,2009,36(8)：1105～1109
61. Warren BR, Parish ME, Schneider KR.Comparison of chromogenic Shigella spp. plating medium with standard media for the recovery of Shigellaboydii and Shigellasonnei from tomato surfaces[J].J Food Prot,2005,68(3):621～624
62.张淑红,吴清平,张菊梅.显色培养基在儿种食源性致病菌快速检测中的应用[J].微生物学通报,2006,33(6)：108～111
63.卢汉兴,车光,王红等.显色培养基在微生物检验初筛中的应用[J].广西预防医学,2001,7(1)：44～46
64.陈伟,六种食源性致病微生物PCR检测及固相化试剂盒的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].重庆：重庆大学,2008
65. Abu Al-Soud W, Radstrom P.Effects of amplification facilitators on diagnostic PCR in the presence of blood,feces and meat[J] Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2000,38(12):4463～ 4470
66. Bej AK, Steffan RJ, DiCesare J, et al.Detection of coliform bacteria in water by polymerase chain reaction and gene probes[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1990,56(2):307～314
67. Tsen HY, Lin CK, Chi WR.Development and use of 16SrRNA gene targeted PCR primers for the identification of Escherichia coli cells in water[J].J Appl Microbiol,1998,85(3):554～ 560
68.许一平,多重PCR检测沙门菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].武汉：华中农业大学,2006
69. Cleuziat P, Robert-Baudouy J.Specific detection of Escherichia coli and Shigella species using fragments of genes coding for beta-glucuronidase[J].Fems Microbiology Letters, 1990,72(3):315～ 322
70. Hill WE, Madden JM, Mccardell BA, et al.Foodborne entero-toxigenic Escherichia coli detection and enumeration by DNA colony hybridization[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1983,45(4):1324～ 1330
71. Dmitril D, Plamena M.Flow-through immune of filtration assay system Coli 0157:H7 [J].Biosensors and Bioeleetronies,1999,14(3):309～316
72.周向华,王衍彬,叶兴乾.电阻抗法在食品微生物快速检测中的应用[J].粮油加工与食品机械,2003,(10)：73～75
73.吴清平,范宏英,张菊梅.食源性致病菌免疫及分子检测新技术研究进展[J].食品科学,2005,26(11)：269～273
74.王志存,葛长荣.基因芯片技术在病原性食品微生物检测中的应用[J].肉类工业,2006,(12)：40～42
75.何洋,周黎黎,刘红露等.基因芯片技术在食品致病菌检测中的应用[J].微生物学杂志,2005,7(4)：92～94
76.杨全凤.基因芯片技术在微生物检测中的应用研究[J].中国医药指南,2012,10(2)：67～68
77.邹宗亮,王志清,王升启.基因芯片技术研究进展[J].高技术通讯,2000,10(5)：95～98
78.孙亚民.致泻性大肠杆菌检测基因芯片的研制[D].[硕士学位论文].南京：南开大学,2009
79.陆艳.中国乳与乳制品安全问题的探讨[J].农产品安全,2007,26(9)：32～37
80.杨明,陈伯祥,郭慧琳等.免疫学检测技术在食品安全中的应用[J].2009,12(4)：101～104
81.马东,乳品卫生指标大肠杆菌及检测技术的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].陕西：陕西科技大学,2009
82.赵志晶,刘秀梅.大肠杆菌0157∶H7多克隆抗体及食品中双ELISA抗测定方法的研究[J].卫生研究,2003,32(6)：606～609
83.李红云,姚咏明,施志国.双单抗夹心ELISA方法检测血浆及组织中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2002,12(9)：655-659
84.张艳红,杜元钊.肠炎沙门氏菌快速检测方法的建立.中国动物检疫,2002,19(7)：25～27
85.李宏,食品中大肠杆菌0157：H7检测研究[D].[硕士学位论文].陕西：陕西科技大学,2008
86.张岳梅,刘铁铮,陈斌.酶联免疫检测方法在食品安全检测中的应用[J].中国动物检疫,2004,21(4)：48-49
87.陈福生,高志贤,王建华.食品安全检测与现代生物技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
88.中华人民共和国国家进出口商品检验局SN 0171—92出口食品沙门氏菌属的荧光抗体筛选检验方法[S].北京：中国标准出版社,1993
89.寇运同,雷质文,林修光.用免疫磁珠捕集法快速检测食品中的单核细胞增生李斯特菌.检验检疫科学[J].检验检疫科学,2001,11(6)：12～14
90. Skjerve E, Olsvik O.Immunomagnetic separation of salmonella from foods[J].Int J Food Microbiol,1991,14(1):11～17
91.袁辉,李荣辉,杨梦.应用免疫磁株富集法江西省首次检出肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7[J].疾病监测,2004,19(4)：133～134
92.陈灿卿等编.现代食品卫生学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2002
93.林蕾,张炜.食品微生物检测技术的研究进展[J].现代农业科学,2008,15(10)：97～99
94.林文辉.浅谈食品微生物检测方法的进展[J].医药与卫生,2009,(20)：295～296
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 4789.3-2010.食品微生物学检验大肠菌群计数[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2010
[3]王立波,茶叶中大肠菌群检测方法的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].重庆：西南大学,2008
[4] Manafi M, Kneifel W, Bascomb S.Fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates used in bacterial diagnostics[J].Microbial.Rev,1991,55:335～348
[5]吴清平,周艳红,蔡芷荷.卫生微生物特异性显色培养基的研究与应用[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2005,15(1)：124～126
[6]刘浩.常用贮存液的配制之X-Gal溶液的配制[EB]2012,http://www.biobars.cn/a/iishu/shenghuayufenzi/20110519/6335,htm12012
[7]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局GB/T27405-2008.实验室质量控制规范食品微生物检测[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2008
[8]孙家莉.快速检测大肠杆菌和大肠菌群的试剂盒及其底物的合成方法[P].中国专利,131288.2002-07-31
[9]涂楚国.培养大肠菌群的培养基和检测大肠菌群的方法[P].中国专利,1062000.1922-06-11
[10]陈楚良.大肠菌群和大肠杆菌快速检测法[P].中国专利,1209456.1999-03-03
[11]黄小平.快速检测大肠菌群培养基及其制备方法[P].中国专利,1796568.2006-07-05
[12]吴清平.一种快速检测微生物的测试片[P].中国专利,101497914.2009-08-05
[13]严守雷.调味品中大肠菌群的快速检测方法[P].中国专利,101838676A.2010-09-22
[14]中国科学院数学研究所统计组.常见数理统计方法.北京：科学出版社[M],1974,34～82
[15]马长兴.正交与均匀试验设计.北京：科学出版社[M],2001,55～980
[16]卢勉飞,吴清平,刘云林等.特异性酶反应在食源性致病菌检测中的应用[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2005,15(3)：354-356
[17]诸葛健.工业微生物实验技术手册.北京：中国轻工业出版社[M],1994,26～30
[18]刘春梅,蔡芷荷,吴清平.食品卫生微生物检验中培养基的质量控制[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2007,17(4):700～701
[19]Lise H, Inger D, Anders D.Improved isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from Seawater and Sediment with Cellobiose-Colistin Agar[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1998:64(5):1721～1724
[20]王苏斌,郑海涛,邵谦谦等.SPSS统计分析.北京：机械工业出版社[M],2003：160-165
[21]中华人民共和国卫生部GB/T 4789.33-2003.食品卫生微生物学检验粮谷、果蔬类食品检验[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[22]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 7099-2003.糕点、面包卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[23]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 7100-2003.饼干卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[24]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 16565-2003.油炸小食品卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[25]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 17400-2003.方便面卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[26]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 17401-2003.膨化小食品卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[27]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 19295-2003.速冻预包装面米食品卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2003
[28]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 21118-2007.馒头卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2007
[29]中华人民共和国农业部NYT1512-2007绿色食品生面食、米粉制品卫生标准[s].北京：中国标准出版社,2007
[30]农生洲.微生物病原体快速检测技术进展[J].医学文选,2001,20(4)：520～521
[31]王则宇,念球菌显色培养基的研制和临床评价[D].[硕士学位论文].河南：郑州大学,2006
[32] Manafi M.Flurogenic and chromogenic enzyme substrates in culture media and identification tests[J].Int J Food Microbiol.1996,31(3):45～58
[33]Rompre A, Servais P, Baudart J, et al.Detection and enumeration of coliforms in drinking waterxurrent methods and emerging approaches[J].J Microbiol Methods.2002,49(1):31 ～ 54
[34] Manafi M.New developments in chromogenic and flurogenic culture media[J].Int J Food Microbiol,2000,60:205～218
[35]Enne de Boer.Update on media for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae from foods[J].Int J Food Microbio,1998,45:43～53
[36] Jesse O, Christian C, Mark B.Galactosylation thermodynamics of E.coli P-galac-tosidase by ONPG and PNPG [J].SCI,2001,8(4):303～306
[37] Berg JD, Fiksdal L.Rapid detection of total and fecal coliforms in water by enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferone-beta-D-galactoside[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,198 8,54(8):2118～2122
[38] Brenner KP, Rankin CC, Roybal YR, et al. New medium for the simultaneous detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in water[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1993,59(11):3534～ 3544
[39] Hahn G, Wittrock E.Comparison of chromogenic and fluorogenic substances for differe-ntiation of coliforms and E.coil softcheese[J].Acta Microbiol Hung,1991,38(34):265～271
[40]项鸣,韩伟.简易、快速检测冷冻食品中大肠菌群、大肠杆菌的纸片荧光法[J].食品科学,2004,25(1)：135～139
[41]魏晓敏.大肠菌群的检验[J].计量与测试技术,2007,34(7)：78～79
[42]杨宇,鄂延仕.十二烷基硫酸钠代替胆盐测定大肠菌群实验[J].微生物学杂志,1986,6(4)：35～36
[43]徐胜富,欧阳树珍,杨士平.洗及粉取代胆盐配制培养基检验大肠菌群的报告[J].蚌埠医学,1992,10(3)：43～44
[44]陈卫,张灏,葛佳佳等.β-半乳糖苜酶重组大肠杆菌诱导表达条件的研究[J].乳业科学与技术,2002,3：1～4
[45]陈卫,张灏,葛佳佳等.高温乳糖酶基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达[J].生物技术,2002,2(5)：8～11
[46]郝淑美,王宣军,张秀霞等.用乳糖作为诱导剂进行重组蛋白的表达[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2005,18(5)：409～411
[47]李兆鹏,张栩,徐斌等.重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵中乳糖诱导表达hBLyS[J].过程工程学报,2005,5(4)：446～449
1. 句立言,杨立秋,王世平等.大肠菌群检测技术研究进展[J].中国初级卫生保健,2008,22(5)55～56
2. 魏斌.乳品中大肠菌群快速检测研究[D].[硕十学位论文].江西：南昌大学,2011
3. 张雅君.乳制品中大肠菌群的鉴定与分类[J].农产品加工学刊,2010,(8)：45～48
4. 颜亦斌.浅述食品卫生检验的几种方法[J].包装与食品机械,2006,24(3)：42～45
5. 张建新.大肠菌群测定中应注意的几个问题和探讨[J].河北企业,2008,(7)：80
6. 刘锐萍.中国食品安全现状及食品标准发展趋势与问题分析[J].农产品安全,2007,(10),34-37
7. 姚勇芳,方壮育.食品中大肠菌群实际检测过程中关键问题的探讨[J].现代食品科技,2008,24(11)：1183～1185
8. Stears RL, Martinsky T, Schena M.Trends in microarray analysis[J].Nat Med,2003,9(1):140～145
9. 平凡,张守勇,武盛.国内外乳品微生物限量标准的比较[J].乳品加工,2006,(8)：58～60
10. Hoorfar J.Rapid detection, characterization, and enumeration of foodborne pathogens [J]. APMIS Suppl.2011,133:1-24
11.梁智安.食品中大肠菌群检测的新旧国标方法差异探讨[J].广西轻工业,2011,(6)：21～22
12.王立波,茶叶中大肠菌群检测方法的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].重庆：西南大学,2008
13.何淑华.论大肠菌群对食品安全的影响及其检测技术研究进展[J].中国食品,2009,(17)：69～70
14.刘京梅,张凌,赵君等.饮用水中大肠菌群检测技术的研究进展[J].国外医学(卫生学分册),2006,33(2)：73～78
15.邓钦光,刘志德.公共用具大肠菌群测定中采样方法的探索[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2009,20(6)：65～66
16.范治国,医药废水中大肠杆菌免疫快速检测方法研究[D].[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2011
17.国家环保总局.GB3838-2002,地表水环境质餐标准[S].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2002
18.白凤翎.国际食品中大肠杆菌相关检验标准探究[J].食品科技,2005,(9)：30～33
19.白凤翎,赵丽红.国内外食品卫生微生物标准体系探究[J].食品科技,2006,(5)：1～4
20. Bhaduri S, Cottrell B. Sample preparation methods for PCR detection of Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on beef chuck shoulder using a single enrichment medium[J]. Molecular and Cellular Probes,2001,15(5):267～274
21.王静,陈维娜,胡孔新等.大肠杆菌O157研胶体金免疫层析快速筛查方法的建立[J].卫生研究,2006,35(6)：439～441
22.吴灵,尚美丽,李雪芳等.基于自组装及纳米微球放大的大肠杆菌0157∶H7的压电免疫检测[J].株洲师范高等专科学校学报,2006,11(2)：52-56
23.中华人民共和国国家进出口商品检验局.SN 0169-92.出口食品中大肠菌群、粪火肠菌群和大肠杆菌检验方法[S].北京：中国标准出版社,1992
24.丁筠,食品微生物快速检测系统的研究[D],[硕士学位论文].吉林：吉林大学,2006
25.夏琴.多管发酵法测定水中大肠菌群过程中德汉氏小套管的倒置方法[J].中国环境监测,2000,16(5)：40
26.殷建华,万青.多管发酵法检测大肠菌群方法中倒管的改进[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2002,12(2)：153
27.赵冬云.大肠菌群检验不同步骤的结果比较[J].实用医技杂志,2006,23(13)：4107～4108
28.潘慧华,李晶晶等.大肠菌群一步发酵法检测的研究[J].食品科学,2006,12(27)：637～641
29. Bastholm S, Wahlstrom L, Bjergbaek LA, et al.A simple bioluminescence procedure for early warning detection of coliform bacteria in drinking water[J]. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology,2008,24(10):2323～2330
30. Sharpe AN, Hearn EM.Comparison of membrane filtration rates and hydrophobic grid membrane filter coliform and Escherichia coli counts in food suspensions using paddle2type and pulsifier sample preparation procedures[J]. J Food Prot,2000,63 (1):126～130
31.白凤翎.国家食品卫生标准大肠菌群检验方法探究[J].食品工业科技,2005,11(26)：179～181
32. Rompre A, Servais P, Baudart J, et al.Detection and enumeration of coliforms in drinking water:current methods and emerging approaches[J].J Microbiol Methods.2002,49(1):31～54
33.甄清,王一东等.延长初发酵培养时间对大肠菌群结果影响分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2007,19(1)：54～55
34.张莉莉.细菌总数及大肠菌群快速检测纸片的研究[D],[硕士学位论文].江西：南昌大学,2011
35. Organization for Standardization,International Standard ISO 9308-1.Water and enumeration of coliform organisms.thennotolerant coliform organisms quality-Detection and presumptive Escherichia coli-Part 1:Membrane filtration method,1990
36.张淑兰,韩秀媛,路金爽.滤膜法测定水中大肠菌群简便方法的研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,1999,11(4)：231～232
37.高凡,蒋懿.应用滤膜法检测粪火肠菌群方法[J].水资源研究,2009,30(3)：35～36
38.王萍,梁霞,张豫川.快速测定水中大肠菌群的方法研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(4)：124～128
39.张淑兰,韩秀媛,路金爽.检测水中大肠菌群的新滤膜法[J].中国公共卫生,1998,14(5)：296～297
40.关丽梅,钟宁.三种方法检测水中总大肠菌群的比较探讨[J].福建分析测试,2009,18(1)：65～67
41.柏景乐.大肠菌群快检纸片法检测非发酵性豆制品的卫生效果评价与分析[D].[硕士学位论文].河北：河北医科大学,2004
42. Maheux AF, Huppe V, Boissinot M, et al.Analytical limits of four beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase-based commercial culture methods used to detect Escherichia coli and total coliforms[J].J Microbiol Methods,2008,75(3):506～514
43.方尚玲,李世杰.饮用水中大肠菌群数测定的一种新方法[J].高等函数学报(自然科学版),2002,15(2)：41～42
44.谷康定.介绍一种新的检测饮用水中大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌的方法[J].环境与健康杂志,1993,(6)：285～288
45. Orenga S, James AL, Manafi M, et al.Enzymatic substrates in microbiology[J].J Microbiol Methods,2009,79(2):139～155
46.段玉林,张少梅,温韬等.酶底物法快速测定地表水中粪大肠菌群[J].环境研究与监测,2011,(4)：37～38
47. Manafi M, Kneifel W, Bascomb S.Fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates used in bacterial diagnostics[J].Microbial Rev,1991,55:335～348
48.吴清平,周艳红,蔡芷荷.卫生微生物特异性显色培养基的研究与应用[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2005,15(1)：124～126
49. Brenner KP, Rankin CC, Roybal YR, et al.New medium for the simultaneous detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in water[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1993,59(11): 3534-3544
50.吴庆,陈栎江,黎丽,等.科玛嘉大肠埃希菌显色培养基的临床应用评价[J].温州医学院学报,2009,39(5)：485～486
51.吴仲梁,韩伟,陶军等.快速检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的检测方法[J].中国食品工业,2003,(6)：56～57
52. Olivier G, Muriel W, Nicolas F, et al.Evaluation of CHROMagar Staphaureus, a new chromogenic medium,for isolation and presumptive identification of Staphylococcus aureus from human clinical [J].Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2000,38(4):1587～1591
53. Zmira S, Orit O, Judi B.Optimal detection of staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens using a new chromogenic medium[J].Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis,2004,49(4):243～247
54. John DP, Claire R, Lynne A, et al.Evaluation of SI aureus ID, a new chromogenic agarmedium for detection of staphylococcus aureus[J].Clin Microbiol,2003,41(12):5695～ 5698
55. Flayhart D, Lema C, Borek A, et al.Comparison of the BBL CHROMagar staph-aureus agar medium to conventional media for detection of staphylococcus aureus in respiratory samples[J].Clin Microbiol,2004,42(8):3566～3569
56. John DP, Claire R, Lynne A, et al.Evaluation of S1 aureus ID, a new chromogenic agar medium for detection of staphylococcus aureus[J].Clin Microbiol,2003,41(12):5695～5698
57. Schoeller NP, Ingham SC.Comparison of the B-P agar and 3M Petrifilm rapid S.aureus count plate methods for detection and enumeration of Saureus[J].Food Microbiol,2001,18(6):
581-587
58. Silva BO, Caraviello DZ, Rodrigues AC, et al.Evaluation of Petrifilm for the isolation of staphylococcus aureus from milk samples[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(8):3000～ 3008
59. John DP, Claire R, Lynne A, et al.Evaluation of S.aureusID,a new chromogenic agar medium for detec-tion of Staphylococcus aureus[J].Clin Microbiol,2003,41(12):5695～5698
60.黄汝添,吴清平,张菊梅等.三种金黄色葡萄球菌显色培养基检测效果的比较[J].微生物学通报,2009,36(8)：1105～1109
61. Warren BR, Parish ME, Schneider KR.Comparison of chromogenic Shigella spp. plating medium with standard media for the recovery of Shigellaboydii and Shigellasonnei from tomato surfaces[J].J Food Prot,2005,68(3):621～624
62.张淑红,吴清平,张菊梅.显色培养基在儿种食源性致病菌快速检测中的应用[J].微生物学通报,2006,33(6)：108～111
63.卢汉兴,车光,王红等.显色培养基在微生物检验初筛中的应用[J].广西预防医学,2001,7(1)：44～46
64.陈伟,六种食源性致病微生物PCR检测及固相化试剂盒的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].重庆：重庆大学,2008
65. Abu Al-Soud W, Radstrom P.Effects of amplification facilitators on diagnostic PCR in the presence of blood,feces and meat[J] Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2000,38(12):4463～ 4470
66. Bej AK, Steffan RJ, DiCesare J, et al.Detection of coliform bacteria in water by polymerase chain reaction and gene probes[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1990,56(2):307～314
67. Tsen HY, Lin CK, Chi WR.Development and use of 16SrRNA gene targeted PCR primers for the identification of Escherichia coli cells in water[J].J Appl Microbiol,1998,85(3):554～ 560
68.许一平,多重PCR检测沙门菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].武汉：华中农业大学,2006
69. Cleuziat P, Robert-Baudouy J.Specific detection of Escherichia coli and Shigella species using fragments of genes coding for beta-glucuronidase[J].Fems Microbiology Letters, 1990,72(3):315～ 322
70. Hill WE, Madden JM, Mccardell BA, et al.Foodborne entero-toxigenic Escherichia coli detection and enumeration by DNA colony hybridization[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1983,45(4):1324～ 1330
71. Dmitril D, Plamena M.Flow-through immune of filtration assay system Coli 0157:H7 [J].Biosensors and Bioeleetronies,1999,14(3):309～316
72.周向华,王衍彬,叶兴乾.电阻抗法在食品微生物快速检测中的应用[J].粮油加工与食品机械,2003,(10)：73～75
73.吴清平,范宏英,张菊梅.食源性致病菌免疫及分子检测新技术研究进展[J].食品科学,2005,26(11)：269～273
74.王志存,葛长荣.基因芯片技术在病原性食品微生物检测中的应用[J].肉类工业,2006,(12)：40～42
75.何洋,周黎黎,刘红露等.基因芯片技术在食品致病菌检测中的应用[J].微生物学杂志,2005,7(4)：92～94
76.杨全凤.基因芯片技术在微生物检测中的应用研究[J].中国医药指南,2012,10(2)：67～68
77.邹宗亮,王志清,王升启.基因芯片技术研究进展[J].高技术通讯,2000,10(5)：95～98
78.孙亚民.致泻性大肠杆菌检测基因芯片的研制[D].[硕士学位论文].南京：南开大学,2009
79.陆艳.中国乳与乳制品安全问题的探讨[J].农产品安全,2007,26(9)：32～37
80.杨明,陈伯祥,郭慧琳等.免疫学检测技术在食品安全中的应用[J].2009,12(4)：101～104
81.马东,乳品卫生指标大肠杆菌及检测技术的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].陕西：陕西科技大学,2009
82.赵志晶,刘秀梅.大肠杆菌0157∶H7多克隆抗体及食品中双ELISA抗测定方法的研究[J].卫生研究,2003,32(6)：606～609
83.李红云,姚咏明,施志国.双单抗夹心ELISA方法检测血浆及组织中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2002,12(9)：655-659
84.张艳红,杜元钊.肠炎沙门氏菌快速检测方法的建立.中国动物检疫,2002,19(7)：25～27
85.李宏,食品中大肠杆菌0157：H7检测研究[D].[硕士学位论文].陕西：陕西科技大学,2008
86.张岳梅,刘铁铮,陈斌.酶联免疫检测方法在食品安全检测中的应用[J].中国动物检疫,2004,21(4)：48-49
87.陈福生,高志贤,王建华.食品安全检测与现代生物技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
88.中华人民共和国国家进出口商品检验局SN 0171—92出口食品沙门氏菌属的荧光抗体筛选检验方法[S].北京：中国标准出版社,1993
89.寇运同,雷质文,林修光.用免疫磁珠捕集法快速检测食品中的单核细胞增生李斯特菌.检验检疫科学[J].检验检疫科学,2001,11(6)：12～14
90. Skjerve E, Olsvik O.Immunomagnetic separation of salmonella from foods[J].Int J Food Microbiol,1991,14(1):11～17
91.袁辉,李荣辉,杨梦.应用免疫磁株富集法江西省首次检出肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7[J].疾病监测,2004,19(4)：133～134
92.陈灿卿等编.现代食品卫生学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2002
93.林蕾,张炜.食品微生物检测技术的研究进展[J].现代农业科学,2008,15(10)：97～99
94.林文辉.浅谈食品微生物检测方法的进展[J].医药与卫生,2009,(20)：295～296