有机磷农药单残留及多残留免疫分析方法的建立与应用
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摘要
利用活泼酯法将半抗原O-甲基-O-(4-硝基苯基)-N-(丁酸)硫代磷酸酯(Hapten1)与载体蛋白BSA和OVA结合。Hapten1-OVA用作筛选抗体的包被抗原,而Hapten1-BSA作为免疫原,对BALB/c小鼠进行腹腔注射免疫。通过PEG将小鼠脾脏细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合制备杂交瘤细胞。通过对杂交瘤细胞的筛选和亚克隆,获得了一株能够稳定分泌抗有机磷类农药单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(C8/D3)。其分泌的抗体为IgG1型,轻链为k链,亲和常数达到2.3×107L/mol,是可以用于建立检测有机磷类农药多残留免疫分析的研究材料。
利用制备的宽特异性抗体C8/D3建立了能够用于检测有机磷类农药的多残留酶联免疫分析。为了使建立的间接竞争酶联免疫分析(ELISA)具有更好的敏感性,根据ICso值,从12种抗体/包被抗原的组合中筛选出敏感性最好的抗体/包被抗原组合。本论文所建ELISA对8种有机磷农药的IC50值为3.5到162.2ng/mL。通过对23种有机磷农药交叉反应性的研究来确定所建ELSIA的选择性,研究结果表明所建ELISA可分析的对象为甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷、杀螟腈、EPN、Paraoxon-methyl、Paraoxon、 Fenitrooxon8种有机磷农药。在对卷心菜、苹果、青菜样品的添加回收试验中,甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷单个农药的添加回收率在78.9%和118.1%之间。此外,将ELISA的检测结果与GC的检测结果进行了比较验证,两种分析方法的检测结果接近。这些研究结果表明,本论文所建立的ELISA是一种可以用于检测不同样品中有机磷类农药残留的分析方法。
利用胶体金标记甲基毒死蜱单克隆抗体3G7/F5,成功建立了可以快速(小于10分钟)、定性及定量检测水样中甲基毒死蜱的免疫层析分析(ICA)方法。对工作溶液的pH值和盐离子强度进行了系统的筛选,获得工作溶液的最佳pH值为9.0,最佳盐离子强度为0.4M。通过目测确定该免疫层析分析的定性检测检测限为0.6μg/mL。在定量检测中,利用试纸条读条仪读取检测结果的光密度值,并建立标准抑制曲线和校正曲线,得到回归方程为y=-2.5229x+7.5951,相关系数的平方(R2)为0.9889。通过计算得到IC50和检测限(IC1o)分别为1024.4ng/mL和137.9ng/mL。与甲基毒死蜱结构相似农药的交叉反应率均小于1%,可以认为与其他分析物没有交叉反应。在自来水样的添加回收试验中,甲基毒死蜱的添加回收率在102.5%到107.6%之间。因此,本研究所制备的ICA检测试纸条可以作为甲基毒死蜱的快速的、定性或定量的检测工具。
在金标单克隆抗体C8/D3和最优半抗原(H9-OVA)的基础上,制备了有机磷类农药多残留免疫层析试纸条,并建立了一种可以快速(5分钟)、简便地检测不同样品中有机磷类农药多残留免疫层析分析(ICA)方法。利用试纸条读条仪读取检测结果的光密度值,计算出在最优条件下,所建立的ICA对8种有机磷农药的IC50值从11.8到470.4ng/mL.通过对23种有机磷农药交叉反应性的研究来确定所建ICA的选择性,研究结果表明所建ICA的分析对象为甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷、杀螟腈、EPN、 Paraoxon-methyl、Paraoxon、Fenitrooxon8种有机磷农药。在对卷心菜、苹果、青菜样品的添加回收试验中,甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷单个农药的添加回收率都在70.6%和131.9%之间。与ELISA比较可以发现ICA的检测结果和ELISA(?)接近,但是ICA在检测时间、检测程序、基质影响、就地检测等方面要优于ELSIA。因此,我们可以认为,本研究所建立的ICA对于定性、半定量、定量检测农产品中有机磷农药来说是一种非常实用的检测方法。
利用生物淘选的方法,从环形8肽噬菌体肽库中筛选出4种能够用作抗原的噬菌体肽,并建立了检测有机磷类农药的噬菌体模拟表位多残留酶联免疫分析。为了使建立的噬菌体模拟表位酶联免疫分析(P-ELISA)具有更好的敏感性,根据Amax/ICso值,从4种噬菌体抗原/抗体的组合中筛选出敏感性最好的噬菌体抗原/抗体组合。本论文建立的P-ISA对8种有机磷农药的IC50值从1.4到92.1ng/mL,其敏感性比人工包被抗原ELISA提高了1倍。通过对23种有机磷农药交叉反应性的研究来确定所建P-ELISA的选择性,研究结果表明所建P-ELISA的分析对象为甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷、杀螟腈、EPN、Paraoxon-methyl、Paraoxon、Fenitrooxon8种有机磷农药。在对卷心菜、苹果、青菜样品的添加回收试验中,甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷单个农药的添加回收率在66.1%和101.6%之间,变异系数(CV)都小于16%。此外,将P-ELISA的检测结果与人工包被抗原ELISA的检测结果进行了比较,两种分析方法的检测结果接近。这些研究结果表明,利用噬菌体肽作为抗原能够更加快速的建立异源免疫分析,并且具有无毒、制备简单和敏感性高的优点。
O-Methyl-O-(4-nirtopheyl)-N-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphoramidothionte (H1) was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) by the active ester method. HI-OVA was used as coating antigen to scan hybridoma. Hl-BSA was used as immunogen to immunize BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection. Spleen cells of immunized mouse were fused with SP2/0murine myeloma cells by PEG. After several times of screening and subcloning, one hybridoma cell line (C8/D3) that stably produced monoclonal antibody (MAb) against organophosphorus (OP) pesticide was selected. The secreted MAb was IgG1, kappa type, and affinity constant (Kaff) reached2.3×107L/mol, which was a good material for development immoassays to detect OP pesticids.
An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed to detect the OP pesticides using the broad-selective antibody C8/D3. To develop a multi-analyte ELISA with increased sensitivity, the best antibody/coating antigen combination was selected from12antibody/hapten-OVA conjugations based on IC50values. IC50values of the novel ELISA system ranged from3.5to162.2ng mLT1for the eight OP pesticides. The selectivity of the ELISA was evaluated by measuring its cross-reactivity (CR) with23OP pesticides, and the results showed the ELISA had specific selectivity for the8OP pesticides (Parathion-methyl, Parathion, Fenitrothion, Cyanophos, EPN, Paraoxon-methyl, Paraoxon, Fenitrooxon). Spike recoveries were between78.9%and118.1%for the detection of single pesticide residues of parathion-methyl, parathion, and fenitrothion in Chinese cabbage, apple, and greengrocery. Moreover, ELISA results were validated by comparison with gas chromatography (GC) analyses. The results indicate that the ELISA established is a potentially useful tool for detecting OP pesticides in various samples.
A rapid (less than10min), qualitative and quantitative immunochromatography assay (ICA) using colloidal gold-antibody3G7/F5was successfully developed and applied in determination of chlorpyrifos-methyl in water samples. The optimized pH value and ionic strength of working solution was selected as pH9.0and0.4M, respectively. The qualitative detection limit of chlorpyrifos-methyl was determined as0.6μg ml-1by using the naked eye observation. In the quantitative detection, the detection results of chlorpyrifos-methyl were scanned by a membrane strip reader, and a standard inhibition curve and calibration curve were established, and the regression equation y=-2.5229x+7.5951, R2=0.9889was obtained. IC50value and detection limit (IC10) were calculated to be1024.4ng/ml and137.9ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivities were less than1%with tested analog compounds and regarded as negligible. The recoveries obtained by standard chlorpyrifos-methyl addition to tap water samples were102.535%to107.584%. Therefore, the developed ICA test strip is very useful as a potential tool for rapid, quantitative or qualitative detection of chlorpyrifos-methyl in samples.
Based on the gold-conjugated MAb C8/D3and an optimal antigen (H9-OVA), a simple and rapid (5min) immunochromatography assay (ICA) for detection of OP pesticides in different agricultural products was developed using a binding inhibition format on a membrane strip. On the optimized condition, IC50values of this ICA for the8OP pesticides were calculated to be from11.8to470.4ng mL-1under an optical density scanner. The selectivity of the ICA was evaluated by measuring its cross-reactivity (CR) with23OP pesticides, and the results showed the ICA had specific selectivity for the8OP pesticides (Parathion-methyl, Parathion, Fenitrothion, Cyanophos, EPN, Paraoxon-methyl, Paraoxon, Fenitrooxon). Spike recoveries were between70.6and131.9%for the detection of single pesticide residues of parathion-methyl, parathion, and fenitrothion in Chinese cabbage, apple, and greengrocery. Compared to enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the results of ICA were comparable with those of ELISA, and ICA has advantages over ELISA in test procedure, test time, matrix interference, on-site detection and so on. Therefore, the established ICA is very useful as a screening method for quantitative, semi-quantitative or qualitative detection of OP pesticides in agricultural products.
A phage-borne peptidomimetics enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (P-ELISA) was developed to detect the organophosphorus (OP) pesticides by using4phage-borne peptides that isolated from a loop8peptide phage library. To develop a multi-analyte ELISA with increased sensitivity, the best antibody/phage antigen combination was selected from4antibody/phage antigen based on Amax/IC50values. IC50values of the novel ELISA system ranged from1.4to92.1ng mL-for the eight OP pesticides. The selectivity of the ELISA was evaluated by measuring its cross-reactivity (CR) with23OP pesticides, and the results showed the ELISA had specific selectivity for the8OP pesticides (Parathion-methyl, Parathion, Fenitrothion, Cyanophos, EPN, Paraoxon-methyl, Paraoxon, Fenitrooxon). Spike recoveries were between66.1%and101.6%for the detection of single pesticide residues of parathion-methyl, parathion, and fenitrothion in Chinese cabbage, apple, and greengrocery, all the coefficient of variations (CV) were less than16%. Moreover, P-ELISA results were validated by comparison with artificial coating antigen ELISA. The results indicate that phage-borne peptide can be used to accelerate development heterologous immunoassay, and have advantage on no toxicity, easy producing, and increased sensitivity.
利用制备的宽特异性抗体C8/D3建立了能够用于检测有机磷类农药的多残留酶联免疫分析。为了使建立的间接竞争酶联免疫分析(ELISA)具有更好的敏感性,根据ICso值,从12种抗体/包被抗原的组合中筛选出敏感性最好的抗体/包被抗原组合。本论文所建ELISA对8种有机磷农药的IC50值为3.5到162.2ng/mL。通过对23种有机磷农药交叉反应性的研究来确定所建ELSIA的选择性,研究结果表明所建ELISA可分析的对象为甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷、杀螟腈、EPN、Paraoxon-methyl、Paraoxon、 Fenitrooxon8种有机磷农药。在对卷心菜、苹果、青菜样品的添加回收试验中,甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷单个农药的添加回收率在78.9%和118.1%之间。此外,将ELISA的检测结果与GC的检测结果进行了比较验证,两种分析方法的检测结果接近。这些研究结果表明,本论文所建立的ELISA是一种可以用于检测不同样品中有机磷类农药残留的分析方法。
利用胶体金标记甲基毒死蜱单克隆抗体3G7/F5,成功建立了可以快速(小于10分钟)、定性及定量检测水样中甲基毒死蜱的免疫层析分析(ICA)方法。对工作溶液的pH值和盐离子强度进行了系统的筛选,获得工作溶液的最佳pH值为9.0,最佳盐离子强度为0.4M。通过目测确定该免疫层析分析的定性检测检测限为0.6μg/mL。在定量检测中,利用试纸条读条仪读取检测结果的光密度值,并建立标准抑制曲线和校正曲线,得到回归方程为y=-2.5229x+7.5951,相关系数的平方(R2)为0.9889。通过计算得到IC50和检测限(IC1o)分别为1024.4ng/mL和137.9ng/mL。与甲基毒死蜱结构相似农药的交叉反应率均小于1%,可以认为与其他分析物没有交叉反应。在自来水样的添加回收试验中,甲基毒死蜱的添加回收率在102.5%到107.6%之间。因此,本研究所制备的ICA检测试纸条可以作为甲基毒死蜱的快速的、定性或定量的检测工具。
在金标单克隆抗体C8/D3和最优半抗原(H9-OVA)的基础上,制备了有机磷类农药多残留免疫层析试纸条,并建立了一种可以快速(5分钟)、简便地检测不同样品中有机磷类农药多残留免疫层析分析(ICA)方法。利用试纸条读条仪读取检测结果的光密度值,计算出在最优条件下,所建立的ICA对8种有机磷农药的IC50值从11.8到470.4ng/mL.通过对23种有机磷农药交叉反应性的研究来确定所建ICA的选择性,研究结果表明所建ICA的分析对象为甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷、杀螟腈、EPN、 Paraoxon-methyl、Paraoxon、Fenitrooxon8种有机磷农药。在对卷心菜、苹果、青菜样品的添加回收试验中,甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷单个农药的添加回收率都在70.6%和131.9%之间。与ELISA比较可以发现ICA的检测结果和ELISA(?)接近,但是ICA在检测时间、检测程序、基质影响、就地检测等方面要优于ELSIA。因此,我们可以认为,本研究所建立的ICA对于定性、半定量、定量检测农产品中有机磷农药来说是一种非常实用的检测方法。
利用生物淘选的方法,从环形8肽噬菌体肽库中筛选出4种能够用作抗原的噬菌体肽,并建立了检测有机磷类农药的噬菌体模拟表位多残留酶联免疫分析。为了使建立的噬菌体模拟表位酶联免疫分析(P-ELISA)具有更好的敏感性,根据Amax/ICso值,从4种噬菌体抗原/抗体的组合中筛选出敏感性最好的噬菌体抗原/抗体组合。本论文建立的P-ISA对8种有机磷农药的IC50值从1.4到92.1ng/mL,其敏感性比人工包被抗原ELISA提高了1倍。通过对23种有机磷农药交叉反应性的研究来确定所建P-ELISA的选择性,研究结果表明所建P-ELISA的分析对象为甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷、杀螟腈、EPN、Paraoxon-methyl、Paraoxon、Fenitrooxon8种有机磷农药。在对卷心菜、苹果、青菜样品的添加回收试验中,甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷单个农药的添加回收率在66.1%和101.6%之间,变异系数(CV)都小于16%。此外,将P-ELISA的检测结果与人工包被抗原ELISA的检测结果进行了比较,两种分析方法的检测结果接近。这些研究结果表明,利用噬菌体肽作为抗原能够更加快速的建立异源免疫分析,并且具有无毒、制备简单和敏感性高的优点。
O-Methyl-O-(4-nirtopheyl)-N-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphoramidothionte (H1) was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) by the active ester method. HI-OVA was used as coating antigen to scan hybridoma. Hl-BSA was used as immunogen to immunize BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection. Spleen cells of immunized mouse were fused with SP2/0murine myeloma cells by PEG. After several times of screening and subcloning, one hybridoma cell line (C8/D3) that stably produced monoclonal antibody (MAb) against organophosphorus (OP) pesticide was selected. The secreted MAb was IgG1, kappa type, and affinity constant (Kaff) reached2.3×107L/mol, which was a good material for development immoassays to detect OP pesticids.
An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed to detect the OP pesticides using the broad-selective antibody C8/D3. To develop a multi-analyte ELISA with increased sensitivity, the best antibody/coating antigen combination was selected from12antibody/hapten-OVA conjugations based on IC50values. IC50values of the novel ELISA system ranged from3.5to162.2ng mLT1for the eight OP pesticides. The selectivity of the ELISA was evaluated by measuring its cross-reactivity (CR) with23OP pesticides, and the results showed the ELISA had specific selectivity for the8OP pesticides (Parathion-methyl, Parathion, Fenitrothion, Cyanophos, EPN, Paraoxon-methyl, Paraoxon, Fenitrooxon). Spike recoveries were between78.9%and118.1%for the detection of single pesticide residues of parathion-methyl, parathion, and fenitrothion in Chinese cabbage, apple, and greengrocery. Moreover, ELISA results were validated by comparison with gas chromatography (GC) analyses. The results indicate that the ELISA established is a potentially useful tool for detecting OP pesticides in various samples.
A rapid (less than10min), qualitative and quantitative immunochromatography assay (ICA) using colloidal gold-antibody3G7/F5was successfully developed and applied in determination of chlorpyrifos-methyl in water samples. The optimized pH value and ionic strength of working solution was selected as pH9.0and0.4M, respectively. The qualitative detection limit of chlorpyrifos-methyl was determined as0.6μg ml-1by using the naked eye observation. In the quantitative detection, the detection results of chlorpyrifos-methyl were scanned by a membrane strip reader, and a standard inhibition curve and calibration curve were established, and the regression equation y=-2.5229x+7.5951, R2=0.9889was obtained. IC50value and detection limit (IC10) were calculated to be1024.4ng/ml and137.9ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivities were less than1%with tested analog compounds and regarded as negligible. The recoveries obtained by standard chlorpyrifos-methyl addition to tap water samples were102.535%to107.584%. Therefore, the developed ICA test strip is very useful as a potential tool for rapid, quantitative or qualitative detection of chlorpyrifos-methyl in samples.
Based on the gold-conjugated MAb C8/D3and an optimal antigen (H9-OVA), a simple and rapid (5min) immunochromatography assay (ICA) for detection of OP pesticides in different agricultural products was developed using a binding inhibition format on a membrane strip. On the optimized condition, IC50values of this ICA for the8OP pesticides were calculated to be from11.8to470.4ng mL-1under an optical density scanner. The selectivity of the ICA was evaluated by measuring its cross-reactivity (CR) with23OP pesticides, and the results showed the ICA had specific selectivity for the8OP pesticides (Parathion-methyl, Parathion, Fenitrothion, Cyanophos, EPN, Paraoxon-methyl, Paraoxon, Fenitrooxon). Spike recoveries were between70.6and131.9%for the detection of single pesticide residues of parathion-methyl, parathion, and fenitrothion in Chinese cabbage, apple, and greengrocery. Compared to enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the results of ICA were comparable with those of ELISA, and ICA has advantages over ELISA in test procedure, test time, matrix interference, on-site detection and so on. Therefore, the established ICA is very useful as a screening method for quantitative, semi-quantitative or qualitative detection of OP pesticides in agricultural products.
A phage-borne peptidomimetics enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (P-ELISA) was developed to detect the organophosphorus (OP) pesticides by using4phage-borne peptides that isolated from a loop8peptide phage library. To develop a multi-analyte ELISA with increased sensitivity, the best antibody/phage antigen combination was selected from4antibody/phage antigen based on Amax/IC50values. IC50values of the novel ELISA system ranged from1.4to92.1ng mL-for the eight OP pesticides. The selectivity of the ELISA was evaluated by measuring its cross-reactivity (CR) with23OP pesticides, and the results showed the ELISA had specific selectivity for the8OP pesticides (Parathion-methyl, Parathion, Fenitrothion, Cyanophos, EPN, Paraoxon-methyl, Paraoxon, Fenitrooxon). Spike recoveries were between66.1%and101.6%for the detection of single pesticide residues of parathion-methyl, parathion, and fenitrothion in Chinese cabbage, apple, and greengrocery, all the coefficient of variations (CV) were less than16%. Moreover, P-ELISA results were validated by comparison with artificial coating antigen ELISA. The results indicate that phage-borne peptide can be used to accelerate development heterologous immunoassay, and have advantage on no toxicity, easy producing, and increased sensitivity.
引文
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