关于供电企业社会责任承担的思考
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摘要
对国内一些抱负远大、追求卓越的企业来说,企业的社会责任已经不再是一个生疏的概念了。供电企业是国有自然垄断行业的代表,是关系国家能源安全和国民经济命脉的国有重点骨干企业,承担着实施国有能源发展战略,促进电力工业和经济社会可持续发展的责任,承担着主动履行社会责任,做优秀“企业公民”的责任。
本文以供电企业的社会责任为研究对象,截取供电企业社会责任某些有价值的横断面进行深入的分析和探讨,以供电企业应主动承担社会责任为主线,从社会责任的起源和发展说起,建立社会责任分层模型,通过对自然垄断企业的分析,对供电企业的剖析,提出供电企业应主动承担更多社会责任的主题,具有较强的逻辑性。本文也力图形成独有的研究线路,尝试在这个领域表述一家之言。
本文按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路展开,先介绍供电企业主动承担社会责任的背景、意义及研究思路,进而对企业社会责任的基本理论进行阐述,分析社会责任的发展,分享企业社会责任的研究成果。在此基础上,缩小研究主体的范围,着重研究供电企业所在的行业——自然垄断企业的社会责任,通过以上社会责任基础理论的分析,引出供电企业应当主动承担更多社会责任的主题,并对供电企业的社会责任从社会关系、经济关系、自然关系三个角度进行全面的分析研究,借鉴履行社会责任的典型案例,对比思考供电企业的社会责任履行问题,提出对供电企业履行社会责任的期盼。
文章的重点部分是对供电企业社会责任问题的分析,通过建立企业社会责任分层模型,运用大量的分析证明材料,区分供电企业与其它行业企业的异同,凸显供电企业作为自然垄断企业代表,占据国家公共资源,掌握国家政策优势,享受国家垄断保护,理应感恩图报,回报社会,主动承担更多的社会责任。
To the corporate whose aspiration is broad, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an unfamiliar word. The power supply corporate is the represent of nature monopoly profession, which relates the country energy security and the economic lifeline, undertakes the responsibility of state-owned energy developmental strategy, undertakes the responsibility of social economy sustainable development and the promotion of electric power industry, undertakes the social responsibility on its own initiative. Based on the role of“social citizens”, the power supply corporate should be the outstanding social citizens.
This thesis is based on the contemporary to study the CSR of power supply corporate. In describing, the interception of some valuable cross-depth analysis and exploration is used. This thesis takes the CSR of power supply corporate as thread, talks about the origin and development of CSR, proposes the theme of power Supply corporate should bear more CSR voluntarily after an analysis of nature monopoly profession. This thesis also seeks to form a unique research lines in this field into a formulation of the statement.
This thesis goes on according to putting forward question, analyzing question, solving question. First, it introduces the background, meaning and thinking of the CSR of power supply corporate, it also explains the basic theories of CSR. After that, it studies the CSR of natural monopoly corporate emphatically, which the power supply corporate belongs to. Finally, it carries on an overall research to CSR of the power supply corporate, uses the experience of fulfilling CRS of other corporate for reference, compares the CSR of power supply corporate, proposes the CSR of power supply corporate.
The key part of the thesis is to analyze the CRS of power supply corporate. Through setting up hierarchical model of CRS, distinguishing the similarities and differences between power supply corporate and other corporate, it proves the fact that power supply corporate occupies national public resources, grasps the state policies advantage, enjoys the monopolizing and protecting, as return, the power supply corporate should bear more CRS voluntarily.
本文以供电企业的社会责任为研究对象,截取供电企业社会责任某些有价值的横断面进行深入的分析和探讨,以供电企业应主动承担社会责任为主线,从社会责任的起源和发展说起,建立社会责任分层模型,通过对自然垄断企业的分析,对供电企业的剖析,提出供电企业应主动承担更多社会责任的主题,具有较强的逻辑性。本文也力图形成独有的研究线路,尝试在这个领域表述一家之言。
本文按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路展开,先介绍供电企业主动承担社会责任的背景、意义及研究思路,进而对企业社会责任的基本理论进行阐述,分析社会责任的发展,分享企业社会责任的研究成果。在此基础上,缩小研究主体的范围,着重研究供电企业所在的行业——自然垄断企业的社会责任,通过以上社会责任基础理论的分析,引出供电企业应当主动承担更多社会责任的主题,并对供电企业的社会责任从社会关系、经济关系、自然关系三个角度进行全面的分析研究,借鉴履行社会责任的典型案例,对比思考供电企业的社会责任履行问题,提出对供电企业履行社会责任的期盼。
文章的重点部分是对供电企业社会责任问题的分析,通过建立企业社会责任分层模型,运用大量的分析证明材料,区分供电企业与其它行业企业的异同,凸显供电企业作为自然垄断企业代表,占据国家公共资源,掌握国家政策优势,享受国家垄断保护,理应感恩图报,回报社会,主动承担更多的社会责任。
To the corporate whose aspiration is broad, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an unfamiliar word. The power supply corporate is the represent of nature monopoly profession, which relates the country energy security and the economic lifeline, undertakes the responsibility of state-owned energy developmental strategy, undertakes the responsibility of social economy sustainable development and the promotion of electric power industry, undertakes the social responsibility on its own initiative. Based on the role of“social citizens”, the power supply corporate should be the outstanding social citizens.
This thesis is based on the contemporary to study the CSR of power supply corporate. In describing, the interception of some valuable cross-depth analysis and exploration is used. This thesis takes the CSR of power supply corporate as thread, talks about the origin and development of CSR, proposes the theme of power Supply corporate should bear more CSR voluntarily after an analysis of nature monopoly profession. This thesis also seeks to form a unique research lines in this field into a formulation of the statement.
This thesis goes on according to putting forward question, analyzing question, solving question. First, it introduces the background, meaning and thinking of the CSR of power supply corporate, it also explains the basic theories of CSR. After that, it studies the CSR of natural monopoly corporate emphatically, which the power supply corporate belongs to. Finally, it carries on an overall research to CSR of the power supply corporate, uses the experience of fulfilling CRS of other corporate for reference, compares the CSR of power supply corporate, proposes the CSR of power supply corporate.
The key part of the thesis is to analyze the CRS of power supply corporate. Through setting up hierarchical model of CRS, distinguishing the similarities and differences between power supply corporate and other corporate, it proves the fact that power supply corporate occupies national public resources, grasps the state policies advantage, enjoys the monopolizing and protecting, as return, the power supply corporate should bear more CRS voluntarily.
引文
[1]中国环境发展研究所.企业社会责任在中国.北京:经济科学出版社, 2004: 46-109
[2]谭深,刘开明.跨国公司的社会责任与中国社会.北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2003: 21-47
[3]朱庆伟,殷格非.企业社会责任的含义和历史背景. WTO经济导刊, 2004, 11: 7
[4] Sally Hunt. Making competition work in electricity. John Wiley & Sons, inc, 2002: 114-156
[5] Philip Kotler. Corporate social responsibility doing the most good for your company and your cause. China Machine Press, 2006: 78-98
[6] D. Qulinn Mius. The new competitors. John Wiley & Sons, inc, 1995: 75
[7] Paul Leroux. Selling to a group. Harper & Row Publishers inc, 1994: 56
[8]陈清泰.构建和谐社会中的企业社会责任.中国经济时报, 2005. 8. 4
[9]苗燕.企业社会责任标准已在制定中社会责任将与中央企业业绩挂钩.北京现代商报, 2006. 2. 17
[10]陈佳贵.强化企业社会责任是构建和谐社会的重要内容.光明日报, 2006. 1. 17
[11]刘世昕.商务部研究部门报告:部分跨国公司在华逃避社会责任.中国青年报, 2006. 2. 17
[12]李立清,李燕凌.企业社会责任研究.北京:人民出版社, 2005: 1-69, 371-417
[13]中国企业联合会.共享和谐-解读SA8000社会责任体系.北京:企业管理出版社, 2004: 98-213
[14]环境与发展研究所.企业社会责任在中国(中英SOERED项目).北京:经济科学出版社, 2004: 11-79
[15] [德]默恩.企业家的社会责任.北京:中信出版社, 2005: 23-79, 112-187
[16]卢代富.企业社会责任的经济学与法学分析-经济法博士精品文库.北京:法律出版社, 2002: 134-276
[17] [美]科特勒, [美]凯勒.营销管理.上海:上海人民出版社, 2006: 87
[18]刘俊海.公司的社会责任-商事法专题研究文库.北京:法律出版社, 1999: 43-102
[19] Milton friedman. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times, September 17 1962
[20] Milton friedman. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. September 13 1970: 13
[21] R. Rutherford Smith. Social responsibility: a term we can do without [J]. Business and society Review, 1988: 21-26
[22] Bereman, Wicks, Kotha, Jones. Does stakeholder orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models and firm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, October 8 1999: 6-11
[23] Archie B, Carroll. A three-dimenensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review, 1979, 4: 7-9
[24]朱国宏.经济社会学.上海:复旦大学出版社, 1984: 116
[25]袁家方.企业社会责任.北京:海洋出版社, 1990: 13-56
[26]赵春福.直面SA8000,努力提高企业道德指数.新视野, 2004, 7: 2-7
[27]赵德志.现代西方企业伦理理论.北京:经济管理出版社, 2002: 14-95
[28]催征.企业社会责任,唱响同一首歌. WTO经济导刊, 2005. 10: 6
[29]祝慧.企业责任:中国企业必须要趟过的河.中国经济时报, 2006. 3. 21
[30]汤春来.公司正义的制度认证与创新.西北政法学报(法律科学), 2003, 3: 4
[31]金乐琴.企业社会责任:推动可持续发展的第三种力量.中国人口?资源与环境, 2004, 1: 12
[32]金乐琴.企业社会责任与可持续发展:理论与对策.绿色中国, 2004, 1: 7
[33] Dr Saleem Sheikh. Corporate social responsibility: law and practice. Cavendish Publishing Limited, 1996: 10-76
[34] Thomas Donaldson. Ties that bind: a social contracts approach to business ethics. Harvard Business School, 1999: 28
[35] Theodore Levitt. The dangers of social responsibility. Harvard Business Review.September-October, 1958: 13
[36] Keith Davis, Robert Blomstorm. Environment and responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975: 39
[37] Bateman, Snell. Management: competing in the new era 5th Edition. Von Hoffmann Press inc, 2002: 67-91
[38] [美]罗尔斯.正义论.北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1998: 76-131
[39] [美]理查德·A波斯纳.法律的经济分析.北京:中国大百科全书出版社, 1997: 11-45
[40]周国银,张少标. SA8000: 2001社会责任国际标准实施指南.北京:海天出版社, 2002: 23
[41]厉以宁.超越政府与超越市场-论道德力量在经济中的作用.北京:经济科学出版社, 1999. 5
[42]刘连煜.公司治理与社会责任.北京:中国政法大学出版社, 2002: 19-78
[43] P·H·Werhane, R·E·Freedman. The Blackwell encyclopedic dictionary of business ethics. Blackwell Business, 1998: 594-614
[44]胡鞍钢.反垄断:一场深刻的社会经济变革.中国改革, 2001, 7: 16
[45]罗德曼·洛克菲勒.社会责任与企业利润.商业评论, 2006. 8: 144
[46]张子鹏.电改三年半:下一个“堡垒”还是垄断体制.第一财经日报, 2006. 7. 26
[47]李超.企业社会责任在我国及其立法探讨.中外企业家, 2005. 9(总第252期): 76
[2]谭深,刘开明.跨国公司的社会责任与中国社会.北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2003: 21-47
[3]朱庆伟,殷格非.企业社会责任的含义和历史背景. WTO经济导刊, 2004, 11: 7
[4] Sally Hunt. Making competition work in electricity. John Wiley & Sons, inc, 2002: 114-156
[5] Philip Kotler. Corporate social responsibility doing the most good for your company and your cause. China Machine Press, 2006: 78-98
[6] D. Qulinn Mius. The new competitors. John Wiley & Sons, inc, 1995: 75
[7] Paul Leroux. Selling to a group. Harper & Row Publishers inc, 1994: 56
[8]陈清泰.构建和谐社会中的企业社会责任.中国经济时报, 2005. 8. 4
[9]苗燕.企业社会责任标准已在制定中社会责任将与中央企业业绩挂钩.北京现代商报, 2006. 2. 17
[10]陈佳贵.强化企业社会责任是构建和谐社会的重要内容.光明日报, 2006. 1. 17
[11]刘世昕.商务部研究部门报告:部分跨国公司在华逃避社会责任.中国青年报, 2006. 2. 17
[12]李立清,李燕凌.企业社会责任研究.北京:人民出版社, 2005: 1-69, 371-417
[13]中国企业联合会.共享和谐-解读SA8000社会责任体系.北京:企业管理出版社, 2004: 98-213
[14]环境与发展研究所.企业社会责任在中国(中英SOERED项目).北京:经济科学出版社, 2004: 11-79
[15] [德]默恩.企业家的社会责任.北京:中信出版社, 2005: 23-79, 112-187
[16]卢代富.企业社会责任的经济学与法学分析-经济法博士精品文库.北京:法律出版社, 2002: 134-276
[17] [美]科特勒, [美]凯勒.营销管理.上海:上海人民出版社, 2006: 87
[18]刘俊海.公司的社会责任-商事法专题研究文库.北京:法律出版社, 1999: 43-102
[19] Milton friedman. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times, September 17 1962
[20] Milton friedman. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. September 13 1970: 13
[21] R. Rutherford Smith. Social responsibility: a term we can do without [J]. Business and society Review, 1988: 21-26
[22] Bereman, Wicks, Kotha, Jones. Does stakeholder orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models and firm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, October 8 1999: 6-11
[23] Archie B, Carroll. A three-dimenensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review, 1979, 4: 7-9
[24]朱国宏.经济社会学.上海:复旦大学出版社, 1984: 116
[25]袁家方.企业社会责任.北京:海洋出版社, 1990: 13-56
[26]赵春福.直面SA8000,努力提高企业道德指数.新视野, 2004, 7: 2-7
[27]赵德志.现代西方企业伦理理论.北京:经济管理出版社, 2002: 14-95
[28]催征.企业社会责任,唱响同一首歌. WTO经济导刊, 2005. 10: 6
[29]祝慧.企业责任:中国企业必须要趟过的河.中国经济时报, 2006. 3. 21
[30]汤春来.公司正义的制度认证与创新.西北政法学报(法律科学), 2003, 3: 4
[31]金乐琴.企业社会责任:推动可持续发展的第三种力量.中国人口?资源与环境, 2004, 1: 12
[32]金乐琴.企业社会责任与可持续发展:理论与对策.绿色中国, 2004, 1: 7
[33] Dr Saleem Sheikh. Corporate social responsibility: law and practice. Cavendish Publishing Limited, 1996: 10-76
[34] Thomas Donaldson. Ties that bind: a social contracts approach to business ethics. Harvard Business School, 1999: 28
[35] Theodore Levitt. The dangers of social responsibility. Harvard Business Review.September-October, 1958: 13
[36] Keith Davis, Robert Blomstorm. Environment and responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975: 39
[37] Bateman, Snell. Management: competing in the new era 5th Edition. Von Hoffmann Press inc, 2002: 67-91
[38] [美]罗尔斯.正义论.北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1998: 76-131
[39] [美]理查德·A波斯纳.法律的经济分析.北京:中国大百科全书出版社, 1997: 11-45
[40]周国银,张少标. SA8000: 2001社会责任国际标准实施指南.北京:海天出版社, 2002: 23
[41]厉以宁.超越政府与超越市场-论道德力量在经济中的作用.北京:经济科学出版社, 1999. 5
[42]刘连煜.公司治理与社会责任.北京:中国政法大学出版社, 2002: 19-78
[43] P·H·Werhane, R·E·Freedman. The Blackwell encyclopedic dictionary of business ethics. Blackwell Business, 1998: 594-614
[44]胡鞍钢.反垄断:一场深刻的社会经济变革.中国改革, 2001, 7: 16
[45]罗德曼·洛克菲勒.社会责任与企业利润.商业评论, 2006. 8: 144
[46]张子鹏.电改三年半:下一个“堡垒”还是垄断体制.第一财经日报, 2006. 7. 26
[47]李超.企业社会责任在我国及其立法探讨.中外企业家, 2005. 9(总第252期): 76