吉林省固定监测站（小型站）监测覆盖区域研究
|
摘要
无线电频谱资源是一种特殊的国家战略资源，各国政府对此都非常重视，投入了大量的人、财、物，以此不断加强无线电管理及组织机构建设，不断强化技术设施建设和法律法规建设，从而促进无线电管理工作更适应经济发展和全球信息化进程的加速深入推进。
由于无线电资源是一种有限的自然资源，在同一时间、空间和同样的技术条件下，使用相同频率的无线电发射设备之间会相互干扰，通信过程会受到阻碍，因此科学、有效的管理无线电频谱资源，排除无线电干扰，维护正常的使用秩序是无线电管理机构的一项重要工作任务。
我国是无线电设备的使用大国，国家在无线电管理方面高度重视，建立了纵向到底、横向到边的完备的无线电管理网络，各级无线电管理机构在排除无线电干扰、保证频谱资源合理充分使用等方面发挥着重要的作用。这些管理机构通过监测站发挥其职能作用，目前，全国各省地市建设有数百无线电固定监测站，其中绝大多数都是UHF/VHF超短波监测站。由于超短波频段的无线电电波传播受到地形、地物等作用影响较大，因此对超短波监测系统的覆盖区域分析就成为了当前各级无线电管理机构需要研究的重要课题。
本文主要内容是研究固定监测站覆盖的范围。首先通过理论研究的方法对ITU-RP.1546模型、Okumura-Hata模型等传播模型进行研究并选择了适合于本地固定监测覆盖计算的传播模型，为监测覆盖区域的计算提供理论依据。再通过典型值计算的方法对不同类型无线电台的覆盖半径进行仿真计算，并在专用的监测数据分析软件以及地理信息数据的支持下对吉林省无线电监测站的覆盖进行了计算和评估。
依据固定点测试的结果，可以认为在城市和郊区环境下Okumura-Hata模型（中小城市）和ITU-R P.1546模型（10m模型）仿真的结果和实测结果相近，误差中值小于6dB。应该引起注意的是，在不考虑建筑物的密度的影响下，Okumura-Hata中小城市模型和大城市模型计算结果基本相同。
移动测试时，测量了多个点。依据测试得到的结果可看出在多数情形下，ITU-RP.1546模型（10m模型）和Okumura-Hata模型（中小城市模型）计算结果相差不多。在地形较复杂时，ITU-R P.1546模型更加精准。
本文重点研究了收发天线对覆盖范围的影响。通过本次论文的研究，希望能为今后固定监测站或者小型站的选址工作和监测设备系统的覆盖的区域考察工作提供理论的依据，及数据的支持。
Radio frequency spectrum resource is a kind of special national strategic resources,each country government takes this seriously very much, throw many person, money,content, in order to continuously enhance the radio management and organizationconstruction, continuously strengthen the technology infrastructure and laws and regulationsconstruction, so as to promote the radio management work more adapt to the economicdevelopment and the global informationization advancing.
As radio resource is a kind of limited natural resources, at the same time, space and thesame technology condition, using the same frequency radio transmission device between willinterfere with each other, the communication process will be hindered, therefore thescientific, effective management of radio spectrum resources, interference is excluded, themaintenance of normal use of the order′s radio management one of the important tasks ofinstitutions.
Our country is big country radio equipment used in radio management, national heightto take seriously, established the longitudinal, transverse to the edge of the end of a completeradio management network, the radio administrative departments at all levels in theexclusion of radio interference, to ensure full use of spectrum resources plays an importantrole. These management mechanism through a monitoring station play its role, at present, theprovinces and cities to build hundreds of fixed radio monitoring station, most of which areUHF / VHF ultrashort wave monitoring station. As a result of ultrashort wave radio wavepropagation affected by terrain, ground objects and other effects of ultrashort wavemonitoring system is large, so the coverage analysis becomes the current levels of radiomanagement institutions need to study the important issue.
The main content of this paper is the study of fixed monitoring stations covered. Firstly,through theoretical research methods on the ITU-R P.1546 model, Okumura-Hata model andcommunication model research and select suitable for local fixed monitoring coveragecalculation of propagation model, for the monitoring of coverage area and providetheoretical basis for the calculation of. Through the typical value calculation methods fordifferent types of radio coverage radius was calculated, and the special monitoring dataanalysis software and geographic information data in support of the Jilin province radio stations covered were calculated and assessed.
According to the fixed point test results, can be considered in city and suburbenvironment (Okumura-Hata model of small and medium-sized city) and ITU-R P.1546model (10m model) simulation results and measured results are similar, the error value isless than 6dB. Should pay attention to is, without considering the building density under theinfluence of small and medium-sized city, Okumura-Hata model and the calculation resultsof the model is basically the same as in big city.
Mobile measurement in multiple points. ITU-R P.1546 model (10m model) andOkumura-Hata model (small and medium-sized city model calculation results are almost).The terrain is more complex, ITU-R P.1546 model is more precise.
This paper focuses on the research of the influence of antenna coverage. Through thisresearch, for the future of fixed monitoring station or small station site selection andmonitoring equipment system covering the area inspects the job to provide a theoretical basis,and data support.
由于无线电资源是一种有限的自然资源，在同一时间、空间和同样的技术条件下，使用相同频率的无线电发射设备之间会相互干扰，通信过程会受到阻碍，因此科学、有效的管理无线电频谱资源，排除无线电干扰，维护正常的使用秩序是无线电管理机构的一项重要工作任务。
我国是无线电设备的使用大国，国家在无线电管理方面高度重视，建立了纵向到底、横向到边的完备的无线电管理网络，各级无线电管理机构在排除无线电干扰、保证频谱资源合理充分使用等方面发挥着重要的作用。这些管理机构通过监测站发挥其职能作用，目前，全国各省地市建设有数百无线电固定监测站，其中绝大多数都是UHF/VHF超短波监测站。由于超短波频段的无线电电波传播受到地形、地物等作用影响较大，因此对超短波监测系统的覆盖区域分析就成为了当前各级无线电管理机构需要研究的重要课题。
本文主要内容是研究固定监测站覆盖的范围。首先通过理论研究的方法对ITU-RP.1546模型、Okumura-Hata模型等传播模型进行研究并选择了适合于本地固定监测覆盖计算的传播模型，为监测覆盖区域的计算提供理论依据。再通过典型值计算的方法对不同类型无线电台的覆盖半径进行仿真计算，并在专用的监测数据分析软件以及地理信息数据的支持下对吉林省无线电监测站的覆盖进行了计算和评估。
依据固定点测试的结果，可以认为在城市和郊区环境下Okumura-Hata模型（中小城市）和ITU-R P.1546模型（10m模型）仿真的结果和实测结果相近，误差中值小于6dB。应该引起注意的是，在不考虑建筑物的密度的影响下，Okumura-Hata中小城市模型和大城市模型计算结果基本相同。
移动测试时，测量了多个点。依据测试得到的结果可看出在多数情形下，ITU-RP.1546模型（10m模型）和Okumura-Hata模型（中小城市模型）计算结果相差不多。在地形较复杂时，ITU-R P.1546模型更加精准。
本文重点研究了收发天线对覆盖范围的影响。通过本次论文的研究，希望能为今后固定监测站或者小型站的选址工作和监测设备系统的覆盖的区域考察工作提供理论的依据，及数据的支持。
Radio frequency spectrum resource is a kind of special national strategic resources,each country government takes this seriously very much, throw many person, money,content, in order to continuously enhance the radio management and organizationconstruction, continuously strengthen the technology infrastructure and laws and regulationsconstruction, so as to promote the radio management work more adapt to the economicdevelopment and the global informationization advancing.
As radio resource is a kind of limited natural resources, at the same time, space and thesame technology condition, using the same frequency radio transmission device between willinterfere with each other, the communication process will be hindered, therefore thescientific, effective management of radio spectrum resources, interference is excluded, themaintenance of normal use of the order′s radio management one of the important tasks ofinstitutions.
Our country is big country radio equipment used in radio management, national heightto take seriously, established the longitudinal, transverse to the edge of the end of a completeradio management network, the radio administrative departments at all levels in theexclusion of radio interference, to ensure full use of spectrum resources plays an importantrole. These management mechanism through a monitoring station play its role, at present, theprovinces and cities to build hundreds of fixed radio monitoring station, most of which areUHF / VHF ultrashort wave monitoring station. As a result of ultrashort wave radio wavepropagation affected by terrain, ground objects and other effects of ultrashort wavemonitoring system is large, so the coverage analysis becomes the current levels of radiomanagement institutions need to study the important issue.
The main content of this paper is the study of fixed monitoring stations covered. Firstly,through theoretical research methods on the ITU-R P.1546 model, Okumura-Hata model andcommunication model research and select suitable for local fixed monitoring coveragecalculation of propagation model, for the monitoring of coverage area and providetheoretical basis for the calculation of. Through the typical value calculation methods fordifferent types of radio coverage radius was calculated, and the special monitoring dataanalysis software and geographic information data in support of the Jilin province radio stations covered were calculated and assessed.
According to the fixed point test results, can be considered in city and suburbenvironment (Okumura-Hata model of small and medium-sized city) and ITU-R P.1546model (10m model) simulation results and measured results are similar, the error value isless than 6dB. Should pay attention to is, without considering the building density under theinfluence of small and medium-sized city, Okumura-Hata model and the calculation resultsof the model is basically the same as in big city.
Mobile measurement in multiple points. ITU-R P.1546 model (10m model) andOkumura-Hata model (small and medium-sized city model calculation results are almost).The terrain is more complex, ITU-R P.1546 model is more precise.
This paper focuses on the research of the influence of antenna coverage. Through thisresearch, for the future of fixed monitoring station or small station site selection andmonitoring equipment system covering the area inspects the job to provide a theoretical basis,and data support.
引文
[1]钟英琪.民航无线电专用频率的干扰分析及其解决方案[D].吉林：吉林大学，2006,5.
[2]黄建军.我国无线电频谱资源管理面临的问题分析与研究[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2007,12:108-110.
[3]吕保维.无线电波传播理论及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社，2003,7:199-222.
[4]魏红.移动通信技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2005,6:129-139.
[5]陈抗生.电磁场与电磁波[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2003,12:35-41.
[6]李峰.长春市VHF/UHF频段无线电监测系统覆盖研究[D].吉林：吉林大学，2008,10.
[7]王莹，张平.无线资源管理（2版）[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2005,5:122-123.
[8]王增和，卢春兰.天线与电波传播(4版)[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2003,8:12-13.
[9]刘恒.台站数据库在实际工作中的应用[J].中国无线电，2004，09:52-54.
[10]徐子久,韩俊英.电波传播特性与无线电监测[J].中国无线电管理，2002,6:17-18.
[11]牛刚.影响VHF/UHF频段固定监测站覆盖的因素[J].中国无线电，2006,5:21-22.
[12]陈鹏.城市电磁环境建模及网络监测系统的构想[J].科学环境与管理，2008,9.
[13] F.Ikegami, S. Yoshida,“Propagation factors controlling mean fieldstrength on urban streets”, [C]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation,Apr.1984:822-829.
[14] C.Chrysanthou and H. Bertoni,“Variability of sector averaged signals forUHF propagation in cities,”[C]. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech.vol.39,Nov.1990:352-358.
[15] ITU-R P.1546-4. Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrialservices in the frequency range 30MHz to 3000MHz[S]. 2009.
[16]王雪莹.无线电智能监测系统中测向定位的设计与实现[D].吉林：吉林大学，2009,4.
[17]卫志东.影响通信距离的主要因素及估算方法[J].无线电技术，2006.9.
[18] NTIA:Limits and methods of testing for immunity of radio monitors toelectromagnetic radiation[S]，1998.10.
[19]王亚民，靳麦涛.地理信息系统及其应用（2版）[M].陕西：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002:44-45.
[20]孔明明.无线电干扰信号发现与识别的研究[D].四川：西华大学，2010,11.
[21]张婷婷.基于电波传播模型扩展微波监测站覆盖区域的研究[D].河北：河北工业大学硕士学位论文，2008.
[22]吕志. LTE系统与数字广播电视系统干扰共存分析[D].北京：北京邮电大学，2011,1.
[23]李兆宏,刘恒.无线电测量中测量不确定度的评定方法(1)[J].中国无线电，2004，07:62-65.
[24] Kaveh Pahlavan著，刘剑译.无线网络通信原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2002(11):16-17.
[25]沈建潮.基于ITU-R P.1546模型的小型无线电监测站监测覆盖范围研究[J].中国无线电，2011.2:59-60.
[26] F.Amoroso，P.Duhamel，B.Muquet，Cyclic prefixing or zero padding forwireless multicarrier transmissions[C].IEEE Communications .Mag.Vol.17，no.12:1064-1075，2002.
[27]胡建明，李杰，张秀丽.移动通信中电磁波传播模型及其修正方法[N].天津工程师范学院学报，2006-03.
[28]赵小龙.不同电波传播模型传输损耗的比较[N].天水师范学院学报，2006-2-18(4).
[29]杨久春.常见地面移动通信系统在外部干扰情况下容量和覆盖损失分析[N].大连理工大学学报，2004,5: 8-11.
[30] H.Taga. Long distance transmission experiments using the WDM technology[J]. Lightwave Technol,1996,14:1287-1298.
[31] D.O.Reudink.“Mobile radio Propagation in tunnds″[C]. IEEEVeh.Tech.Group Conf.San Francisco, Calif.Dec.1968.
[32] Report on EMC co-ordination in electricity supply radio monitors systems(UNIPEDE, Normcomp, August1994).
[33]严发.浅谈相关干涉仪测向机的设计思想[J].中国无线电管理，2003(07) :68-69.
[34] R.WahlG.Wolfle, P.Wertz, P.Wildbolz, and F.Landstorfer.“Dominant-pathprediction model for urban scenarios,″in 14th IST Mobile and WirelessCommunications Summit[C], Dresden, Jun.2005:122-142.
[35]徐峰，左国青.典型无线电台（站）的发射技术指标[J].中国无线电管理，2002(8):18-19.
[36] CISPR 14-1:2005.Electromagnetic compatibility Requirements for householdappliances electric tools and similar apparatus–part 1:emission-productfamily standard.Definition of Spectrum and Efficiency of a Radio System，The Book of the CCIT[S]，Sept1986:248-255.
[37]方针霖，陈崇谦.地理信息系统在无线电管理中的应用[J].中国无线电管理，2000(03):12-13.
[38] Radio Paging Code No.1，Department of transportation，Federal aviationadministration. Spectrum management regulations and procedures manual[S].The Book of the CCIR，RCSG，1986:248-255.
[39] Radio communications Agency,Study of 2.6GHz BSS Threshold Values toProtect IMT-2000 Finalreport,Transfinte Systems Ltd,2002
[40] K.Bullinton.“Radio Propagation at Frequencies above 30 Megacycles″[C].IEEE Tans On Veh. Tech, Vol.26.Nov.1977.
[41]吴成.浅谈VHF/UHF频段城市固定监测系统的建设[J].中国无线电，2003(9) :19-21.
[42] J.Walfisch and H.Bertoni,“A theoretical model of UHF propagation in urbanenvironments″[C]. IEEE Trans. Antennas& Propagation, Dec.1988:1788-1796.
[43] Wolfhard.J.vogel，ui-seok hong，Measurement and Modeling of Land Mobilesatellite Propagation at UHF and L-BAND，IEEE TRANSANCTIONS ON ANTENNASAND PROPAGATION，VOL.36，NO.5:705-707.
[44]余金权,那雪源.超短波数传设备的关键技术指标分析[J].电讯技术，2006(5):12-13.
[45]巴达洛夫，АЛ（俄）.无线电电子系统电磁兼容性参数规范手册[M].北京：国防工业出版社，1999，2:68-77.
[46]谭海峰，牛刚.监测车天线高度和周围环境对无线电监测的影响[J].中国无线电，2005(01):14-15.
[47] ETD 391－1 Radio Equipment System(RES)and Interpretation of radioelectromagnetic frequency and distance Separations:pp.11-16.
[48] CCIR.DOC 5/252-E.“Methods and statistics for estimating field-strenthValues in the Land mobile Sevrices using the frequency range 30MHz to1GHz″[S].April 1981.
[49] ITU Recommendation P.372-8 Airport and terminal area Frequencies at VHFand UHF.ITU,Geneva,1988:165-166.
[50] Jeffrey H.Reed（美）.软件无线电--无线电工程的现代方法[M].北京：人民邮电出版社，2004，7:46-61.
[51]魏玲，杨汇军.移动通信中电波传输损耗的预测模型[N].辽宁工程学院学报.2003(2):49-56.
[52] ITU－R Doc 3J/15,Recent measurement of man-made noise towards a revisionof Recommendation ITU-R P.372[S]，2003.
[2]黄建军.我国无线电频谱资源管理面临的问题分析与研究[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2007,12:108-110.
[3]吕保维.无线电波传播理论及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社，2003,7:199-222.
[4]魏红.移动通信技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2005,6:129-139.
[5]陈抗生.电磁场与电磁波[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2003,12:35-41.
[6]李峰.长春市VHF/UHF频段无线电监测系统覆盖研究[D].吉林：吉林大学，2008,10.
[7]王莹，张平.无线资源管理（2版）[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2005,5:122-123.
[8]王增和，卢春兰.天线与电波传播(4版)[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2003,8:12-13.
[9]刘恒.台站数据库在实际工作中的应用[J].中国无线电，2004，09:52-54.
[10]徐子久,韩俊英.电波传播特性与无线电监测[J].中国无线电管理，2002,6:17-18.
[11]牛刚.影响VHF/UHF频段固定监测站覆盖的因素[J].中国无线电，2006,5:21-22.
[12]陈鹏.城市电磁环境建模及网络监测系统的构想[J].科学环境与管理，2008,9.
[13] F.Ikegami, S. Yoshida,“Propagation factors controlling mean fieldstrength on urban streets”, [C]. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation,Apr.1984:822-829.
[14] C.Chrysanthou and H. Bertoni,“Variability of sector averaged signals forUHF propagation in cities,”[C]. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech.vol.39,Nov.1990:352-358.
[15] ITU-R P.1546-4. Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrialservices in the frequency range 30MHz to 3000MHz[S]. 2009.
[16]王雪莹.无线电智能监测系统中测向定位的设计与实现[D].吉林：吉林大学，2009,4.
[17]卫志东.影响通信距离的主要因素及估算方法[J].无线电技术，2006.9.
[18] NTIA:Limits and methods of testing for immunity of radio monitors toelectromagnetic radiation[S]，1998.10.
[19]王亚民，靳麦涛.地理信息系统及其应用（2版）[M].陕西：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002:44-45.
[20]孔明明.无线电干扰信号发现与识别的研究[D].四川：西华大学，2010,11.
[21]张婷婷.基于电波传播模型扩展微波监测站覆盖区域的研究[D].河北：河北工业大学硕士学位论文，2008.
[22]吕志. LTE系统与数字广播电视系统干扰共存分析[D].北京：北京邮电大学，2011,1.
[23]李兆宏,刘恒.无线电测量中测量不确定度的评定方法(1)[J].中国无线电，2004，07:62-65.
[24] Kaveh Pahlavan著，刘剑译.无线网络通信原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2002(11):16-17.
[25]沈建潮.基于ITU-R P.1546模型的小型无线电监测站监测覆盖范围研究[J].中国无线电，2011.2:59-60.
[26] F.Amoroso，P.Duhamel，B.Muquet，Cyclic prefixing or zero padding forwireless multicarrier transmissions[C].IEEE Communications .Mag.Vol.17，no.12:1064-1075，2002.
[27]胡建明，李杰，张秀丽.移动通信中电磁波传播模型及其修正方法[N].天津工程师范学院学报，2006-03.
[28]赵小龙.不同电波传播模型传输损耗的比较[N].天水师范学院学报，2006-2-18(4).
[29]杨久春.常见地面移动通信系统在外部干扰情况下容量和覆盖损失分析[N].大连理工大学学报，2004,5: 8-11.
[30] H.Taga. Long distance transmission experiments using the WDM technology[J]. Lightwave Technol,1996,14:1287-1298.
[31] D.O.Reudink.“Mobile radio Propagation in tunnds″[C]. IEEEVeh.Tech.Group Conf.San Francisco, Calif.Dec.1968.
[32] Report on EMC co-ordination in electricity supply radio monitors systems(UNIPEDE, Normcomp, August1994).
[33]严发.浅谈相关干涉仪测向机的设计思想[J].中国无线电管理，2003(07) :68-69.
[34] R.WahlG.Wolfle, P.Wertz, P.Wildbolz, and F.Landstorfer.“Dominant-pathprediction model for urban scenarios,″in 14th IST Mobile and WirelessCommunications Summit[C], Dresden, Jun.2005:122-142.
[35]徐峰，左国青.典型无线电台（站）的发射技术指标[J].中国无线电管理，2002(8):18-19.
[36] CISPR 14-1:2005.Electromagnetic compatibility Requirements for householdappliances electric tools and similar apparatus–part 1:emission-productfamily standard.Definition of Spectrum and Efficiency of a Radio System，The Book of the CCIT[S]，Sept1986:248-255.
[37]方针霖，陈崇谦.地理信息系统在无线电管理中的应用[J].中国无线电管理，2000(03):12-13.
[38] Radio Paging Code No.1，Department of transportation，Federal aviationadministration. Spectrum management regulations and procedures manual[S].The Book of the CCIR，RCSG，1986:248-255.
[39] Radio communications Agency,Study of 2.6GHz BSS Threshold Values toProtect IMT-2000 Finalreport,Transfinte Systems Ltd,2002
[40] K.Bullinton.“Radio Propagation at Frequencies above 30 Megacycles″[C].IEEE Tans On Veh. Tech, Vol.26.Nov.1977.
[41]吴成.浅谈VHF/UHF频段城市固定监测系统的建设[J].中国无线电，2003(9) :19-21.
[42] J.Walfisch and H.Bertoni,“A theoretical model of UHF propagation in urbanenvironments″[C]. IEEE Trans. Antennas& Propagation, Dec.1988:1788-1796.
[43] Wolfhard.J.vogel，ui-seok hong，Measurement and Modeling of Land Mobilesatellite Propagation at UHF and L-BAND，IEEE TRANSANCTIONS ON ANTENNASAND PROPAGATION，VOL.36，NO.5:705-707.
[44]余金权,那雪源.超短波数传设备的关键技术指标分析[J].电讯技术，2006(5):12-13.
[45]巴达洛夫，АЛ（俄）.无线电电子系统电磁兼容性参数规范手册[M].北京：国防工业出版社，1999，2:68-77.
[46]谭海峰，牛刚.监测车天线高度和周围环境对无线电监测的影响[J].中国无线电，2005(01):14-15.
[47] ETD 391－1 Radio Equipment System(RES)and Interpretation of radioelectromagnetic frequency and distance Separations:pp.11-16.
[48] CCIR.DOC 5/252-E.“Methods and statistics for estimating field-strenthValues in the Land mobile Sevrices using the frequency range 30MHz to1GHz″[S].April 1981.
[49] ITU Recommendation P.372-8 Airport and terminal area Frequencies at VHFand UHF.ITU,Geneva,1988:165-166.
[50] Jeffrey H.Reed（美）.软件无线电--无线电工程的现代方法[M].北京：人民邮电出版社，2004，7:46-61.
[51]魏玲，杨汇军.移动通信中电波传输损耗的预测模型[N].辽宁工程学院学报.2003(2):49-56.
[52] ITU－R Doc 3J/15,Recent measurement of man-made noise towards a revisionof Recommendation ITU-R P.372[S]，2003.