国家级森林公园投资管理研究
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摘要
随着全国生态旅游的繁荣,我国森林公园事业也得到了全面的发展。到今天,森林公园无论在数量上还是在规模上都得到了快速的增长,随之而来的是对森林公园投入资金数量的增长,自2001年以来,森林公园投入资金以年均28.85%的增长率,远远超过森林公园数量年均9.18%和总面积年均4.77%的增长率。在这样的背景下,如何提高森林公园资金利用效率成为理论界和实业界关注的重点问题之一。但是我国目前针对森林公园,特别是国家级森林公园的投资管理、投资效益分析、投资管理绩效评价的研究并不多,不能够很好的满足我国森林公园事业的发展需要。
论文结合国家森林公园的特征,从定性理论分析和定量数据研究两个角度对我国森林公园投资管理展开讨论,以国家级森林公园投资建设目标为着眼点,通过对我国森林公园经营现状、投资现状及其投资管理、投资管理绩效等方面全面系统的分析和评价,指出投资管理是国家级森林公园可持续发展的必然,并且指出投资管理机制和投资管理绩效评价是国家级森林公园投资管理的有效手段,并针对性地提出国家级森林公园开展投资管理的对策建议。研究得出的主要结论有：
(1)投资管理有利于国家级森林公园的可持续发展。论文结合国家森林公园的特征,指出我国森林公园事业发展至今,基础设施投资不足、保护性投资不足、投资及运营状况区域差异明显以及经营效益不理想等问题比较突出。同时,由于国家级森林公园各种不和谐现象已经引起社会各界广泛关注,国家已经出台了各项政策措施,相关学科的发展以及国际经验都使得在我国开展国家级森林公园投资管理工作成为必然和可行。论文结合投资及投资管理的内涵,指出国家级森林公园投资管理主体应该是政府、核心本质是生态性以及最终目标是发展,是我国森林公园可持续发展的必然要求。
(2)投资管理机制是实现投资管理的制度保障。论文通过分析认为,我国森林公园投资管理中存在着实践管理的主体界定不清、资金使用方向不明、投资管理连续性不够和投资管理人才的缺失等问题,本论文结合国内外投资管理模式的比较评价,认为管理机制的缺失是导致森林公园现有问题的根源,应该从宏观机制的建立展开国家级森林公园的投资管理活动。论文通过利益相关者分析,指出国家级森林公园投资管理过程实质上是政府与投资运营商之间进行的不完全信息动态博弈过程。论文对两个行为主体在动态博弈四个阶段的行为进行分析,得出供选择的六组策略组合,通过对这六组策略组合中各行为主体的支付函数的比较,认为可以从五个方面入手建立国家级森林公园投资管理机制。
(3)投资管理绩效不佳制约着森林公园事业的发展。机制的建立是投资管理的基本制度保障,但是国家级森林公园投资管理的目标是否能实现,需要更多的研究。本论文根据森林公园的特点,选用数据包络分析法(DEA)对我国森林公园的投入与产出现状利用截面数据(VRS模型)和面板数据(Malmquist模型)进行了效率水平的分析,认为我国森林公园虽然各地有所差异,但整体绩效不佳,同时存在着投入冗余和产出不足状况,需要从技术和规模两个方面提升总体效率,但主要的是从技术效率的提升来实现总绩效的提升。
(4)全过程绩效评价是提高投资管理绩效的有效手段。论文认为,技术效率的提升实质上是资源的有效配置过程,而这一过程需要对资源的利用过程有效的监管,实质上就是对投资管理全过程的绩效评价,通过绩效评价来实现对投资管理的过程和成果的监管。因此论文在森林公园数据包络分析的基础上,提出投资管理全过程绩效评价是改善我国投资管理效率不佳的有效手段。
(5)评价指标体系是森林公园投资管理绩效评价的基础。在明确绩效评价对森林公园投资管理的意义和实现基础后,论文结合投资管理绩效的特点进行了评价指标体系的构建,将评价指标分为投资管理过程和成果绩效评价指标体系两个部分,并通过专家问卷调查,利用层次分析方法对各指标对总绩效的贡献率加以确认,得出结论投资管理过程评价比成果绩效评价更为重要。
With the prosperity of ecotourism, the forest park in China gets its all-around development. Today, the number and the scale of forest park have grown up quickly, which bring a large amount of investment capital with an average annual growth rate of 28.85 percent since 2001, and the average annual growth rate of forest park's number is 9.18 percent, and the total area of it is 4.77 percent. Under the current status, the academy and enterprise begin to pay more attention to how to use the capital efficiently which had been put into the forest park. But by now, the research on forest park investment management, investment benefit analysis and performance evaluation cannot meet the forest park's demand to sustainable development.
Based on the characteristic of the national forest park, this article talks about the investment management of the forest park by qualitative and quantitative analysis. And the purpose of the national forest park is the main clue of the study. By the system analysis about the forest park operation, investment, investment management and the performance of investment management, this article point out that it is necessary for national forest park to take investment management, and the management mechanism and performance evaluation is the efficiency methods to the investment management of national forest park. At the last part of the article, the author put forward four main countermeasures which include eight points to manage investment of the national forest part. The main conclusions of the study are involved as follows:
(1) The investment management is helpful for the national forest park's sustainable development. This article based on the characteristics of the national forest park, point out that today the forest park in China has many problems includes lack of capital to built infrastructure and do the protect job, regional investment and development is unbalance and the benefit is not so good. And the social public has pay more attention to the development of forest park, the country has promulgated several policies, the related theory and international successful experience has bring method for forest park to take, which makes our country has the essential to take the investment management of forest park. The article based on the essential connotation of investment and investment management, give the point of view that the management subject is the government, the core essence is ecology, and the ultimate goal is sustainable development.
(2) The mechanism of investment management is the basis system guarantee to investment management. The article point out that there are some problems such as the management subject is not defined clearly; the capital is not used in certain place, not often take investment management and lack of the talents in the certain fields. After compare the models of investment management national and international, the article point out that the lack of mechanism is the origin reason for all problems that mentioned above, the management mechanism is the basic of management to forest park investment. Analysis by stakeholder theory, we think that the national forest park investment management is a game process, which includes two main players, and the game process is a dynamic game with incomplete information. So we take the game analysis, and get six strategies combinations. By compare the payoff of different players, we draw a conclusion that there have five respects to built management mechanism of the national forest park.
(3) The unexcellent of performance of investment management restrict the development of forest park cause. The mechanism is the basic system guarantee, but the questions are whether the goal of management has implemented or not, we need more studies. In this article, we use the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to take the input-output analysis of forest park in China. The model we used is VRS model for one year section and Malmquist model for panel data. The result shows that although different provinces have different performance, the total performance is not satisfied, there are both input slacks and output slacks, and we need to improve the efficiency from the technology and the scale. And the technology efficiency is more important to total performance.
(4) The overall process performance evaluation is the solution to improve the efficiency of investment management. In this article, we think that the improve of technology efficiency is the process of effective allocation of resource, and the process need the supervision which mains the whole process performance evaluation of investment management, and finally get the supervision on process and result by performance evaluation. Therefore, based on the DEA analysis, we put forward that the performance evaluation is the solution to improve the efficiency.
(5) The evaluating index system is the basic of the national forest park performance evaluation. After talk about the meaning and the background of the performance evaluation for the national forest park, we study on the evaluating index system. In our opinion, the evaluating index system composed two parts, one is to evaluate the process of management and the other is to evaluate the result of management. The methods we chose to weight each index are the questionnaire survey and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the result tells that the process of management is more important than the result of management.
论文结合国家森林公园的特征,从定性理论分析和定量数据研究两个角度对我国森林公园投资管理展开讨论,以国家级森林公园投资建设目标为着眼点,通过对我国森林公园经营现状、投资现状及其投资管理、投资管理绩效等方面全面系统的分析和评价,指出投资管理是国家级森林公园可持续发展的必然,并且指出投资管理机制和投资管理绩效评价是国家级森林公园投资管理的有效手段,并针对性地提出国家级森林公园开展投资管理的对策建议。研究得出的主要结论有：
(1)投资管理有利于国家级森林公园的可持续发展。论文结合国家森林公园的特征,指出我国森林公园事业发展至今,基础设施投资不足、保护性投资不足、投资及运营状况区域差异明显以及经营效益不理想等问题比较突出。同时,由于国家级森林公园各种不和谐现象已经引起社会各界广泛关注,国家已经出台了各项政策措施,相关学科的发展以及国际经验都使得在我国开展国家级森林公园投资管理工作成为必然和可行。论文结合投资及投资管理的内涵,指出国家级森林公园投资管理主体应该是政府、核心本质是生态性以及最终目标是发展,是我国森林公园可持续发展的必然要求。
(2)投资管理机制是实现投资管理的制度保障。论文通过分析认为,我国森林公园投资管理中存在着实践管理的主体界定不清、资金使用方向不明、投资管理连续性不够和投资管理人才的缺失等问题,本论文结合国内外投资管理模式的比较评价,认为管理机制的缺失是导致森林公园现有问题的根源,应该从宏观机制的建立展开国家级森林公园的投资管理活动。论文通过利益相关者分析,指出国家级森林公园投资管理过程实质上是政府与投资运营商之间进行的不完全信息动态博弈过程。论文对两个行为主体在动态博弈四个阶段的行为进行分析,得出供选择的六组策略组合,通过对这六组策略组合中各行为主体的支付函数的比较,认为可以从五个方面入手建立国家级森林公园投资管理机制。
(3)投资管理绩效不佳制约着森林公园事业的发展。机制的建立是投资管理的基本制度保障,但是国家级森林公园投资管理的目标是否能实现,需要更多的研究。本论文根据森林公园的特点,选用数据包络分析法(DEA)对我国森林公园的投入与产出现状利用截面数据(VRS模型)和面板数据(Malmquist模型)进行了效率水平的分析,认为我国森林公园虽然各地有所差异,但整体绩效不佳,同时存在着投入冗余和产出不足状况,需要从技术和规模两个方面提升总体效率,但主要的是从技术效率的提升来实现总绩效的提升。
(4)全过程绩效评价是提高投资管理绩效的有效手段。论文认为,技术效率的提升实质上是资源的有效配置过程,而这一过程需要对资源的利用过程有效的监管,实质上就是对投资管理全过程的绩效评价,通过绩效评价来实现对投资管理的过程和成果的监管。因此论文在森林公园数据包络分析的基础上,提出投资管理全过程绩效评价是改善我国投资管理效率不佳的有效手段。
(5)评价指标体系是森林公园投资管理绩效评价的基础。在明确绩效评价对森林公园投资管理的意义和实现基础后,论文结合投资管理绩效的特点进行了评价指标体系的构建,将评价指标分为投资管理过程和成果绩效评价指标体系两个部分,并通过专家问卷调查,利用层次分析方法对各指标对总绩效的贡献率加以确认,得出结论投资管理过程评价比成果绩效评价更为重要。
With the prosperity of ecotourism, the forest park in China gets its all-around development. Today, the number and the scale of forest park have grown up quickly, which bring a large amount of investment capital with an average annual growth rate of 28.85 percent since 2001, and the average annual growth rate of forest park's number is 9.18 percent, and the total area of it is 4.77 percent. Under the current status, the academy and enterprise begin to pay more attention to how to use the capital efficiently which had been put into the forest park. But by now, the research on forest park investment management, investment benefit analysis and performance evaluation cannot meet the forest park's demand to sustainable development.
Based on the characteristic of the national forest park, this article talks about the investment management of the forest park by qualitative and quantitative analysis. And the purpose of the national forest park is the main clue of the study. By the system analysis about the forest park operation, investment, investment management and the performance of investment management, this article point out that it is necessary for national forest park to take investment management, and the management mechanism and performance evaluation is the efficiency methods to the investment management of national forest park. At the last part of the article, the author put forward four main countermeasures which include eight points to manage investment of the national forest part. The main conclusions of the study are involved as follows:
(1) The investment management is helpful for the national forest park's sustainable development. This article based on the characteristics of the national forest park, point out that today the forest park in China has many problems includes lack of capital to built infrastructure and do the protect job, regional investment and development is unbalance and the benefit is not so good. And the social public has pay more attention to the development of forest park, the country has promulgated several policies, the related theory and international successful experience has bring method for forest park to take, which makes our country has the essential to take the investment management of forest park. The article based on the essential connotation of investment and investment management, give the point of view that the management subject is the government, the core essence is ecology, and the ultimate goal is sustainable development.
(2) The mechanism of investment management is the basis system guarantee to investment management. The article point out that there are some problems such as the management subject is not defined clearly; the capital is not used in certain place, not often take investment management and lack of the talents in the certain fields. After compare the models of investment management national and international, the article point out that the lack of mechanism is the origin reason for all problems that mentioned above, the management mechanism is the basic of management to forest park investment. Analysis by stakeholder theory, we think that the national forest park investment management is a game process, which includes two main players, and the game process is a dynamic game with incomplete information. So we take the game analysis, and get six strategies combinations. By compare the payoff of different players, we draw a conclusion that there have five respects to built management mechanism of the national forest park.
(3) The unexcellent of performance of investment management restrict the development of forest park cause. The mechanism is the basic system guarantee, but the questions are whether the goal of management has implemented or not, we need more studies. In this article, we use the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to take the input-output analysis of forest park in China. The model we used is VRS model for one year section and Malmquist model for panel data. The result shows that although different provinces have different performance, the total performance is not satisfied, there are both input slacks and output slacks, and we need to improve the efficiency from the technology and the scale. And the technology efficiency is more important to total performance.
(4) The overall process performance evaluation is the solution to improve the efficiency of investment management. In this article, we think that the improve of technology efficiency is the process of effective allocation of resource, and the process need the supervision which mains the whole process performance evaluation of investment management, and finally get the supervision on process and result by performance evaluation. Therefore, based on the DEA analysis, we put forward that the performance evaluation is the solution to improve the efficiency.
(5) The evaluating index system is the basic of the national forest park performance evaluation. After talk about the meaning and the background of the performance evaluation for the national forest park, we study on the evaluating index system. In our opinion, the evaluating index system composed two parts, one is to evaluate the process of management and the other is to evaluate the result of management. The methods we chose to weight each index are the questionnaire survey and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the result tells that the process of management is more important than the result of management.
引文
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