国有中小型外贸企业对外直接投资策略研究
摘要
目前全球经济进入后金融危机时代,西方发达国家的经济持续衰退,从而影响到了我国的国际贸易环境。对于我国传统国有外贸企业来说,特别是中小型的企业,由于缺乏技术上的支持和产品独特性,使得它们在抢占已经很有限的市场份额时,面临来自民营资本和外资资本的强有力冲击,其与生俱来的一些缺陷使得国有中小型外贸企业目前面临极大的困难,战略转型势在必行,但转型也必须结合企业实际情况而定。
本文以典型性国有中小型外贸公司C企业为例,通过对我国目前对外直接投资现状以及国有外贸企业现状进行分析,总结我国国有外贸企业的弊病,对C企业推进对外直接投资的必要性进行阐述。分析C企业对发展中国家和发达国家两个完全不同的市场的投资策略,选择巴布亚新几内亚、澳大利亚和美国这三个C企业投资的国家和市场进行深入剖析,分解其环境特点,并通过C企业所选择的不同的投资策略所带来的不同的效果,进行经验总结,对这三个国家市场直接投资活动的进一步发展提出建议,同时拓展到对发展中国家和发达国家的投资建议,希望可以为其他国有中小型外贸企业转型之路提供一些参考和借鉴。
With the global economy entering the Post-Financial Crisis Era, developed countries are suffering from continuous economic recession, which exerts influence on China’s foreign trade. State-owned foreign trade enterprises, especially those small and medium ones, are confronted with great difficulties due to their inherent defects and the impact from private capital and foreign capital when they are seizing the limited market share. In this case, strategy shift is a must for those enterprises based on their actual situation.
This thesis takes C Company, a typical state-owned small and medium enterprise as an example. After analyzing current FDI and state-owned foreign trade enterprises in China, this thesis summarizes the drawbacks of the enterprises and put forwards the necessity for C Company to promote FDI. This thesis analyzes the investment strategies of C Company in both developing and developed countries by taking Papua New Guinea, Australia and USA in which C Company has investment for further discussion and compares the effects incurred by different investment strategy. Then, this thesis comes out with suggestions for C Company to make further FDI in the three countries, which can also be referred when C Company is making investment in developing and developed countries. Hopefully, this thesis can provide some useful information for other state-owned small and medium foreign trade companies in terms of strategy shift.
本文以典型性国有中小型外贸公司C企业为例,通过对我国目前对外直接投资现状以及国有外贸企业现状进行分析,总结我国国有外贸企业的弊病,对C企业推进对外直接投资的必要性进行阐述。分析C企业对发展中国家和发达国家两个完全不同的市场的投资策略,选择巴布亚新几内亚、澳大利亚和美国这三个C企业投资的国家和市场进行深入剖析,分解其环境特点,并通过C企业所选择的不同的投资策略所带来的不同的效果,进行经验总结,对这三个国家市场直接投资活动的进一步发展提出建议,同时拓展到对发展中国家和发达国家的投资建议,希望可以为其他国有中小型外贸企业转型之路提供一些参考和借鉴。
With the global economy entering the Post-Financial Crisis Era, developed countries are suffering from continuous economic recession, which exerts influence on China’s foreign trade. State-owned foreign trade enterprises, especially those small and medium ones, are confronted with great difficulties due to their inherent defects and the impact from private capital and foreign capital when they are seizing the limited market share. In this case, strategy shift is a must for those enterprises based on their actual situation.
This thesis takes C Company, a typical state-owned small and medium enterprise as an example. After analyzing current FDI and state-owned foreign trade enterprises in China, this thesis summarizes the drawbacks of the enterprises and put forwards the necessity for C Company to promote FDI. This thesis analyzes the investment strategies of C Company in both developing and developed countries by taking Papua New Guinea, Australia and USA in which C Company has investment for further discussion and compares the effects incurred by different investment strategy. Then, this thesis comes out with suggestions for C Company to make further FDI in the three countries, which can also be referred when C Company is making investment in developing and developed countries. Hopefully, this thesis can provide some useful information for other state-owned small and medium foreign trade companies in terms of strategy shift.
引文
[1]王红岩,国际投资学教程,上海:立信会计出版社,2007
[2]綦建红,国际投资学教程,北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[3]欧阳峣,中国对外直接投资导论,长沙:中南大学出版社,2008
[4]白万纲,中国外贸企业战略转型,北京:中国发展出版社,2009
[5]陈湛匀,国际投资学,上海,复旦大学出版社,2008
[6]吴勤学,中国海外直接投资理论与实务,北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2006
[7]杨大楷,国际投资学,上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
[8]厉以宁、曹凤岐,中国企业的跨国经营,北京:中国计划出版社,1996
[9]成思危,中国经济改革与发展研究(第一集),北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001
[10]李桂芳,储贺军,中国企业对外直接投资分析报告,北京:中国经济出版社,2010
[11]马坤,中国对外直接投资潜力研究,北京:经济科学出版社,2010
[12]宋亚非,跨国直接投资与中国企业国际化战略,北京:中国财政经济出版社,2010
[13]卢力平,中国对外直接投资战略研究,北京:经济科学出版社,2010
[14]刘阳春,中国对外直接投资动因和策略分析,广州:中山大学出版社,2009
[15] Bruno Solnik, Dennis Mcleavey, International Investment,北京:立信会计出版社,2005
[16] UNCTAD, World Investment Report 2007, New York, UN publication, 2007
[17]商务部,2009年中国对外直接投资统计公报,http://hzs.mofcom.gov.cn/ accessory/201009/1284339524515.pdf
[18]商务部,2010年中国对外直接投资统计公报,http://hzs.mofcom.gov.cn/ accessory/201109/1316069604368.pdf
[19]冼国明,跨国公司FDI与东道国外资政策演变,南开经济研究,2002(1)
[20]齐观义,国际直接投资理论的新发展——几种支持发展中国家对外直接投资的理论,国际经贸探索,1998(6)
[21]齐观义,国际直接投资理论的新发展——直接投资微观主流优势理论的缺陷及发展中国家对其补充,投资研究,1998(9)
[22]中国社会科学院亚洲太平洋研究院—亚太概览,http://iaps.cass.cn/yataigl/ show.asp-cid=13
[23]徐峰,论我国国有外贸企业的核心竞争力,企业管理,2002(1)
[24]朱智洺，国有外贸企业面临的环境变化及应对策略，江苏商论，2003(11)
[25]戴志伟、宣国良,国有外贸企业面临的挑战及其对策研究,国际商务研究,2004(2)
[26]唐衍伟,我国国有外贸企业应对外部冲击的战略分析,财经问题研究,2003(5)
[27]匡辉、茅宁,基于“母合优势”的国有外贸集团发展战略研究,求索,2008(3)
[28]张智,发展中国家企业对外直接投资的基本特征及启示,商业时代,2008(10)
[29]宋亚非,中国企业实施“走出去”战略的设想,财经问题研究,2004(5)
[30]赵中伟,国际金融危机现状和走势,第一财经日报,2009(2)
[31]李洪江,对外直接投资理论与中国的对外直接投资,哈尔滨商业大学学报,2004(5)
[32]郭宇环、张卓远,金融危机对中国经济的影响,北方经贸,2008(12)
[33]蒋恩尧、李丽红,中国企业对外直接投资的结构分析和思考,商业研究,2002(4)
[34]柴庆春,中国对外直接投资的现状和问题分析,国际贸易,2008(1)
[35]阎剑平,国有外贸企业摆脱困境攻略详解,WTO经济导刊,2004(10)
[36]邹婷、刘辉煌,中国对外投资区位选择集中化研究,技术与创新管理,2010(1)
[37] Hymer, S.H. The International Operation of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, MIT press, 1976
[38] McKinnon, Money and Capital in Economic Development, Washington, DC, USA, 2005
[39] Hans Visser, A Guide to International Monetary Economics, Exchange Rate Theory, System and Policies, USA, 2006
[40] Diamond, Douglas, Debt Maturity Structure and Liquidity Risk, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1984(56)
[2]綦建红,国际投资学教程,北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[3]欧阳峣,中国对外直接投资导论,长沙:中南大学出版社,2008
[4]白万纲,中国外贸企业战略转型,北京:中国发展出版社,2009
[5]陈湛匀,国际投资学,上海,复旦大学出版社,2008
[6]吴勤学,中国海外直接投资理论与实务,北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2006
[7]杨大楷,国际投资学,上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
[8]厉以宁、曹凤岐,中国企业的跨国经营,北京:中国计划出版社,1996
[9]成思危,中国经济改革与发展研究(第一集),北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001
[10]李桂芳,储贺军,中国企业对外直接投资分析报告,北京:中国经济出版社,2010
[11]马坤,中国对外直接投资潜力研究,北京:经济科学出版社,2010
[12]宋亚非,跨国直接投资与中国企业国际化战略,北京:中国财政经济出版社,2010
[13]卢力平,中国对外直接投资战略研究,北京:经济科学出版社,2010
[14]刘阳春,中国对外直接投资动因和策略分析,广州:中山大学出版社,2009
[15] Bruno Solnik, Dennis Mcleavey, International Investment,北京:立信会计出版社,2005
[16] UNCTAD, World Investment Report 2007, New York, UN publication, 2007
[17]商务部,2009年中国对外直接投资统计公报,http://hzs.mofcom.gov.cn/ accessory/201009/1284339524515.pdf
[18]商务部,2010年中国对外直接投资统计公报,http://hzs.mofcom.gov.cn/ accessory/201109/1316069604368.pdf
[19]冼国明,跨国公司FDI与东道国外资政策演变,南开经济研究,2002(1)
[20]齐观义,国际直接投资理论的新发展——几种支持发展中国家对外直接投资的理论,国际经贸探索,1998(6)
[21]齐观义,国际直接投资理论的新发展——直接投资微观主流优势理论的缺陷及发展中国家对其补充,投资研究,1998(9)
[22]中国社会科学院亚洲太平洋研究院—亚太概览,http://iaps.cass.cn/yataigl/ show.asp-cid=13
[23]徐峰,论我国国有外贸企业的核心竞争力,企业管理,2002(1)
[24]朱智洺，国有外贸企业面临的环境变化及应对策略，江苏商论，2003(11)
[25]戴志伟、宣国良,国有外贸企业面临的挑战及其对策研究,国际商务研究,2004(2)
[26]唐衍伟,我国国有外贸企业应对外部冲击的战略分析,财经问题研究,2003(5)
[27]匡辉、茅宁,基于“母合优势”的国有外贸集团发展战略研究,求索,2008(3)
[28]张智,发展中国家企业对外直接投资的基本特征及启示,商业时代,2008(10)
[29]宋亚非,中国企业实施“走出去”战略的设想,财经问题研究,2004(5)
[30]赵中伟,国际金融危机现状和走势,第一财经日报,2009(2)
[31]李洪江,对外直接投资理论与中国的对外直接投资,哈尔滨商业大学学报,2004(5)
[32]郭宇环、张卓远,金融危机对中国经济的影响,北方经贸,2008(12)
[33]蒋恩尧、李丽红,中国企业对外直接投资的结构分析和思考,商业研究,2002(4)
[34]柴庆春,中国对外直接投资的现状和问题分析,国际贸易,2008(1)
[35]阎剑平,国有外贸企业摆脱困境攻略详解,WTO经济导刊,2004(10)
[36]邹婷、刘辉煌,中国对外投资区位选择集中化研究,技术与创新管理,2010(1)
[37] Hymer, S.H. The International Operation of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, MIT press, 1976
[38] McKinnon, Money and Capital in Economic Development, Washington, DC, USA, 2005
[39] Hans Visser, A Guide to International Monetary Economics, Exchange Rate Theory, System and Policies, USA, 2006
[40] Diamond, Douglas, Debt Maturity Structure and Liquidity Risk, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1984(56)