国有军工科研院所企业化改革的思考
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摘要
国企改革已经进行20余年，作为国民经济重要组成部分的国有军工科研院所进行企业化改革已经刻不容缓。作为国防建设的中坚力量，国有军工科研院所长期依赖计划任务，得到国家重点扶持，拥有较好的技术优势、拥有一支较高素质的职工队伍，同时多年的国家技改支持创造了良好的研发环境。这样一支“国”字队面对市场竞争，为求得自身生存发展的需要，必须进行企业化改革。国有军工科研院所如何解决改革中遇到的种种问题，结合自身的优势，并借鉴国企改革的经验，将改革进行成功正是本文要探讨的主要问题。
本文对目前国有军工科研院所面临的外部环境进行了分析，阐述了国有军工科研院所进行企业化改革的必要性，并系统地分析了国际国内军工行业的发展趋势，探讨了国有军工科研院所企业化改革的难点。
本文的重点是对国有军工科研院所进行企业化改革过程中面临的主要问题如体制问题、运营机制问题以及人力资源问题进行了分析，其中对国有军工科研院所进行体制改革进行了重点分析，并对利用管理层收购这种思路来进行体制改革提出了自己的观点，本文还对国有军工科研院所在进行通过体制改革的同时转换经营机制、加大人力资本的约束和激励机制等方面进行了分析，并提出解决措施，旨在探索一条适应目前形势和发展需要的国有军工科研院所企业化改革之路。
State-owned enterprise reform has been going on for over 20 years.As an important part of national economy, enterprise-oriented reform for state-owned military institute is now demanding immediate action. Being the backbone strength for national defence construction, state-owned military institute has accumulated very strong technological advantages and well-trained team staff due to emphasized support of the country under planned economy. Meanwhile, national technical renovation support for years has cultivated a good R&D environment as well. Such stated-owned i nstitute must c any o ut enterprise-oriented reform for s elf survival and development under market economy. How to solve problems of all kind during reform, how to bring forth self advantages and how to refer to reform experiences of other state-owned enterprises are all discussed in this article for a successful reform.
In this essay the external environment faced by the stated-owned military institute,expounds the necessary of enterpristtional reform of the state-owned military institute,systematically construes the development trend of the military trade both at home and abroad ,and explores the difficulties of state-owned military institute for enterprisational reform.
Problems faced by the stated-owned military institute during enterprisational reform,such as system reform,operation mechanism reform,human resource boltleneck,etc.,are analysed in emphases.Systemreform of the state-owned military institute ia especially anatomized and opinion on system reform by managentment level purchase is also given.Converting operation mechanism together with system reform,strengthening constraint and excitation of human resource capital,etc.are analyzed and corresponding solutions are presented as well in thia paper.the first part of this essay in detail and a conclusion lead out, i.e., enterprise-oriented reform for stated-owned military institute are now imperative.Main problems might be confronted with by stated-owned military institute during enterprise-oriented
reform are analyzed in priority, among which organization system reform of stated-owned military institute are construed emphatically. The author's ideas on administrator purchase are also put forward. The whole article is aimed at exploring a practicable reform path for stated-owned military institute under current situation.
本文对目前国有军工科研院所面临的外部环境进行了分析，阐述了国有军工科研院所进行企业化改革的必要性，并系统地分析了国际国内军工行业的发展趋势，探讨了国有军工科研院所企业化改革的难点。
本文的重点是对国有军工科研院所进行企业化改革过程中面临的主要问题如体制问题、运营机制问题以及人力资源问题进行了分析，其中对国有军工科研院所进行体制改革进行了重点分析，并对利用管理层收购这种思路来进行体制改革提出了自己的观点，本文还对国有军工科研院所在进行通过体制改革的同时转换经营机制、加大人力资本的约束和激励机制等方面进行了分析，并提出解决措施，旨在探索一条适应目前形势和发展需要的国有军工科研院所企业化改革之路。
State-owned enterprise reform has been going on for over 20 years.As an important part of national economy, enterprise-oriented reform for state-owned military institute is now demanding immediate action. Being the backbone strength for national defence construction, state-owned military institute has accumulated very strong technological advantages and well-trained team staff due to emphasized support of the country under planned economy. Meanwhile, national technical renovation support for years has cultivated a good R&D environment as well. Such stated-owned i nstitute must c any o ut enterprise-oriented reform for s elf survival and development under market economy. How to solve problems of all kind during reform, how to bring forth self advantages and how to refer to reform experiences of other state-owned enterprises are all discussed in this article for a successful reform.
In this essay the external environment faced by the stated-owned military institute,expounds the necessary of enterpristtional reform of the state-owned military institute,systematically construes the development trend of the military trade both at home and abroad ,and explores the difficulties of state-owned military institute for enterprisational reform.
Problems faced by the stated-owned military institute during enterprisational reform,such as system reform,operation mechanism reform,human resource boltleneck,etc.,are analysed in emphases.Systemreform of the state-owned military institute ia especially anatomized and opinion on system reform by managentment level purchase is also given.Converting operation mechanism together with system reform,strengthening constraint and excitation of human resource capital,etc.are analyzed and corresponding solutions are presented as well in thia paper.the first part of this essay in detail and a conclusion lead out, i.e., enterprise-oriented reform for stated-owned military institute are now imperative.Main problems might be confronted with by stated-owned military institute during enterprise-oriented
reform are analyzed in priority, among which organization system reform of stated-owned military institute are construed emphatically. The author's ideas on administrator purchase are also put forward. The whole article is aimed at exploring a practicable reform path for stated-owned military institute under current situation.
引文
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2. Perry WJ.Report of the Secretary of Defense to the President and the Congress. Washington,D.C: U.S.Gorernment Printing Office,Feb. 1995
3. Henry Mintzberg. James Brian Quinn,John Voyer. THE STATEGY PROCESS, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1995
4. Henry Mintzberg. STRUCTURE IN FIVES: DESIGNING EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS. Prentice-Hall Inc.,1983
5. Alex Miller. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT. 3rd. McGraw-Hill Co.,Inc.,1998
6. Michael A.Hitt,R..Duage Ireland,Robert E.Hoskisson. STRATEGIC MANGEMENT.West Publishing Company, 1995
7. Peter Wright, Charles D.Pringle,Mark J.Kroll. STRATEGIC MANGEMENT. 2nded. Allyn and Bacon, 1994
8. Arthur A.Thompson,Jr and A.j.Atrickland Ⅲ. STRATEGIC MANGEMENT. 6rded.Richard D.Irwin,Inc., 1992
9. Gary Hamel. Strategy as Revolution. Harverd Business Review, 1996,September-October
10. William A.Sahlman. How to Write a Great Business Plan. Harverd Business Review, 1997, July-August
11．[美]约翰．阿利克等《美国21世纪科技政策》国防工业出版社，1999年版
12．[美]迈克尔．波特《竞争战略》华夏出版社，1997年版
13．[美]迈克尔．波特《竞争优势》华夏出版社，1997年版
14．[美]劳伦斯．R．奎特《产品竞争的优势：质量、功能、发展》上海人民出版社，1996年版
15．[美]斯蒂芬．哈格《信息时代的管理信息系统》机械工业出版社，2002年7版
16．周永亮：《中国企业前沿问题报告》，中国社会科学出版社，2001年版
17．厉以宁：《国有企业：你的路在何方》，经济出版社，1997版
18．吴敬链等《国有经济的战略性改组》中国发展出版社，1998年版
19．钟朋荣：《中国企业留神十大陷阱》，河南人民出版社，1999版
20．颜建军：《海尔中国造》海南出版社，2001版
21．李建立：《战略德隆》中国发展出版社，2003年版
22．王魏等：《管理者收购：从经理到股东》中国人民大学出版社，2000版
23．周永亮：《华立突破》中国发展出版社，2003年版
24．蒋明新：《人力资源开发与管理》西南财经大学出版社，2002年版
25．周振华：《体制变革与经济增长》上海人民出版社，1998年版
26．杨沛霆：《杨沛霆说企业管理》中外管理增刊，2001年
27．董大海：《战略管理》，大连理工大学出版社，2001年版
28．张召忠：《谁能打赢下一场战争》中国青年出版社，1999年版
29．任泉：《WTO知识全书》经济出版社，2002年7版
30．吴晓波：《大败局》浙江人民出版社，2001年版
31．余永定等《中国入世研究报告》，社会科学文献出版社，2000年版
32．赵弘 郭继丰《知识经济呼唤中国》，改革出版社，1999年版
33．苏勇 罗殿军《管理沟通》，复旦大学出版社，2002年4版
34．白思俊《现代项目管理》机械工业出版社，2002年版
35．郭士征《社会保障》上海财经大学出版社，1996年版
2. Perry WJ.Report of the Secretary of Defense to the President and the Congress. Washington,D.C: U.S.Gorernment Printing Office,Feb. 1995
3. Henry Mintzberg. James Brian Quinn,John Voyer. THE STATEGY PROCESS, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1995
4. Henry Mintzberg. STRUCTURE IN FIVES: DESIGNING EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS. Prentice-Hall Inc.,1983
5. Alex Miller. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT. 3rd. McGraw-Hill Co.,Inc.,1998
6. Michael A.Hitt,R..Duage Ireland,Robert E.Hoskisson. STRATEGIC MANGEMENT.West Publishing Company, 1995
7. Peter Wright, Charles D.Pringle,Mark J.Kroll. STRATEGIC MANGEMENT. 2nded. Allyn and Bacon, 1994
8. Arthur A.Thompson,Jr and A.j.Atrickland Ⅲ. STRATEGIC MANGEMENT. 6rded.Richard D.Irwin,Inc., 1992
9. Gary Hamel. Strategy as Revolution. Harverd Business Review, 1996,September-October
10. William A.Sahlman. How to Write a Great Business Plan. Harverd Business Review, 1997, July-August
11．[美]约翰．阿利克等《美国21世纪科技政策》国防工业出版社，1999年版
12．[美]迈克尔．波特《竞争战略》华夏出版社，1997年版
13．[美]迈克尔．波特《竞争优势》华夏出版社，1997年版
14．[美]劳伦斯．R．奎特《产品竞争的优势：质量、功能、发展》上海人民出版社，1996年版
15．[美]斯蒂芬．哈格《信息时代的管理信息系统》机械工业出版社，2002年7版
16．周永亮：《中国企业前沿问题报告》，中国社会科学出版社，2001年版
17．厉以宁：《国有企业：你的路在何方》，经济出版社，1997版
18．吴敬链等《国有经济的战略性改组》中国发展出版社，1998年版
19．钟朋荣：《中国企业留神十大陷阱》，河南人民出版社，1999版
20．颜建军：《海尔中国造》海南出版社，2001版
21．李建立：《战略德隆》中国发展出版社，2003年版
22．王魏等：《管理者收购：从经理到股东》中国人民大学出版社，2000版
23．周永亮：《华立突破》中国发展出版社，2003年版
24．蒋明新：《人力资源开发与管理》西南财经大学出版社，2002年版
25．周振华：《体制变革与经济增长》上海人民出版社，1998年版
26．杨沛霆：《杨沛霆说企业管理》中外管理增刊，2001年
27．董大海：《战略管理》，大连理工大学出版社，2001年版
28．张召忠：《谁能打赢下一场战争》中国青年出版社，1999年版
29．任泉：《WTO知识全书》经济出版社，2002年7版
30．吴晓波：《大败局》浙江人民出版社，2001年版
31．余永定等《中国入世研究报告》，社会科学文献出版社，2000年版
32．赵弘 郭继丰《知识经济呼唤中国》，改革出版社，1999年版
33．苏勇 罗殿军《管理沟通》，复旦大学出版社，2002年4版
34．白思俊《现代项目管理》机械工业出版社，2002年版
35．郭士征《社会保障》上海财经大学出版社，1996年版