军工科研院所企业化改革研究
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摘要
国企改革已经进行20余年,作为国民经济重要组成部分的国有军工科研院所进行企业化改革已经刻不容缓。作为国防建设的中坚力量,国有军工科研院所长期依赖军品型号、预研任务,得到国家重点扶持,拥有较好的技术优势、拥有一支较高素质的科技队伍,同时多年的国家技改支持创造了良好的研发硬件环境。然而在面对市场经济是也存在许多问题。面对市场竞争,为求得自身生存发展的需要,必须进行体制改革。国有军工科研院所如何解决改革中遇到的种种问题,结合自身的优势,并借鉴其他国家军工科研机构改革的经验,将改革进行成功正是本文要探讨的主要问题。
本文首先介绍了研究军工科研院所企业化改革的提出背景、来源及其研究意义;回顾了国内外科研机构改革成功经验及教训以及发展现状;阐述了军工科研院所在社会主义市场经济背景下加快军工科研院所改革和创新管理体制、机制的重要性。
对目前国有军工科研院所面临的外部环境进行了分析,阐述了国有军工科研院所进行企业化改革的必要性,并系统地分析了国际国内军工行业的发展趋势,探讨了国有军工科研院所企业化改革的难点。
本文的重点是对国有军工科研院所进行企业化改革过程中面临的主要问题如体制问题、运营机制问题以及人力资源问题进行了分析,其中对国有军工科研院所进行体制改革,军转民等进行了重点分析,并利用产权多元化这种思路来进行体制改革提出了自己的观点。本文还对国有军工科研院所在通过体制改革的同时转换经营机制、加大人力资本的约束和激励机制等方面进行了分析,并提出解决措施,旨在探索一条适应目前形势和发展需要的国有军工科研院所企业化改革之路。
It has been over 20 years since the state owned enterprise reformation took place. It is emergent for the state owned military industry academe which is an important part of state economy to bring out the enterprise reformation. As a strong force of national defense construction, the state owned military industry academe owns a advantage of technology and high qualified scientific research teams and a rather good software and hardware research environment owing to the support of planned duty of our country and technical reformation. But there exist many problems when facing the market economy. It is necessary to carry out a series of reformation to meet the need of surviving and development when it facing the market competition. It is the main points of this article to discuss how can the state owned military industry academe settle the problems that encountered in reformation and make the reformation successful with the advantage of itself and the reformation experiences of other country’s military industry academe.
This disquisition introduced the background, resource and research significance of the task of management innovation of national defense academe. Then reviewed the experiences and lessons from foreign country’s reformation. Later, discussed the importance to speedup the reformation and management system innovation of war industry and academe with the back ground of socialism market economy.
Analyzed the outer environment of military industry academe and discussed the necessary of enterprise reformation for the state owned military industry academe .Analyzed the developing trend of international and domestic war industry systematically and the difficulties of the enterprise reformation of state owned military industry academe.
The emphases of this disquisition are the systematic problems, operational problems and human resource problems the state owned military industry facing in the procedure of enterprise reformation. It also emphasized the systematic reformation and military-to-civil procedure of the state owned military industry academe, carry out my own points of view in systematic reformation with multiple property right. This disquisition analyzed the systematic reformation with the change of operation mechanism and more restriction and stimulation of human power capital. It also carrys out the resolution with the aim of finding an enterprise reformation method for the state owned military industry suitable for the need of nowadays development and status.
本文首先介绍了研究军工科研院所企业化改革的提出背景、来源及其研究意义;回顾了国内外科研机构改革成功经验及教训以及发展现状;阐述了军工科研院所在社会主义市场经济背景下加快军工科研院所改革和创新管理体制、机制的重要性。
对目前国有军工科研院所面临的外部环境进行了分析,阐述了国有军工科研院所进行企业化改革的必要性,并系统地分析了国际国内军工行业的发展趋势,探讨了国有军工科研院所企业化改革的难点。
本文的重点是对国有军工科研院所进行企业化改革过程中面临的主要问题如体制问题、运营机制问题以及人力资源问题进行了分析,其中对国有军工科研院所进行体制改革,军转民等进行了重点分析,并利用产权多元化这种思路来进行体制改革提出了自己的观点。本文还对国有军工科研院所在通过体制改革的同时转换经营机制、加大人力资本的约束和激励机制等方面进行了分析,并提出解决措施,旨在探索一条适应目前形势和发展需要的国有军工科研院所企业化改革之路。
It has been over 20 years since the state owned enterprise reformation took place. It is emergent for the state owned military industry academe which is an important part of state economy to bring out the enterprise reformation. As a strong force of national defense construction, the state owned military industry academe owns a advantage of technology and high qualified scientific research teams and a rather good software and hardware research environment owing to the support of planned duty of our country and technical reformation. But there exist many problems when facing the market economy. It is necessary to carry out a series of reformation to meet the need of surviving and development when it facing the market competition. It is the main points of this article to discuss how can the state owned military industry academe settle the problems that encountered in reformation and make the reformation successful with the advantage of itself and the reformation experiences of other country’s military industry academe.
This disquisition introduced the background, resource and research significance of the task of management innovation of national defense academe. Then reviewed the experiences and lessons from foreign country’s reformation. Later, discussed the importance to speedup the reformation and management system innovation of war industry and academe with the back ground of socialism market economy.
Analyzed the outer environment of military industry academe and discussed the necessary of enterprise reformation for the state owned military industry academe .Analyzed the developing trend of international and domestic war industry systematically and the difficulties of the enterprise reformation of state owned military industry academe.
The emphases of this disquisition are the systematic problems, operational problems and human resource problems the state owned military industry facing in the procedure of enterprise reformation. It also emphasized the systematic reformation and military-to-civil procedure of the state owned military industry academe, carry out my own points of view in systematic reformation with multiple property right. This disquisition analyzed the systematic reformation with the change of operation mechanism and more restriction and stimulation of human power capital. It also carrys out the resolution with the aim of finding an enterprise reformation method for the state owned military industry suitable for the need of nowadays development and status.
引文
1 蒋宝琪.中国国防经济宏观分析.国防大学出版社,1991:5~6
2 效宁.军民结合型企业民品经营模式分析.经济研究参考, 2001,(18):57
3 林毅夫,刘培林.自生能力与国企改革.经济研究,2001,(9):78~80
4 于波.江苏军民结合二十年.江苏观察,2003,(8):20~23
5 林毅夫,刘培林.自生能力与国企改革.经济研究,2001,(9):45~47
6 杜人淮.西方发达国家的军事采办制度及对我们的启示.军事经济研究,1999,(8):57~59
7 杜人淮.世界军事工业发展的基本现状与中国军事工业的出路. 经济研究参考,2000,(57):11~12
8 杜人淮.西方发达国家的军事采办制度及对我们的启示.军事经济研究,1999,(8):40~46
9 [英]基斯?哈利特,[美]托德?桑德勒,姜鲁鸣等译.国防经济学手册.经济科学出版社,2001:12
10 [美]雅克?甘斯勒,张连超等译.美国国防工业转轨.国防工业出版社,1998,(1):40~46
11 Ataway. M.C. A Study of the Relationship Between Firm Performance and CEO Compensation. The Dissertation Abstract of Nova Southeastern University, 1997
12 Lewellen W, B Huntsman. Managerial pay and corporate performance. American Economic Review, 2000,60(4): 710~720
13 Timothy Galpin. Commect Human Resource Strategy to the Business Plan. HR Magazine,1997,(3):99~104
14 刘志远,林云.现代企业激励机制.上海人民出版社,1997:22~23
15 R.Mock. Management Ownership and Market Valuation. An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Financial Economics, 2004:66~67
16 Joanne B.Ciulla. The Working Life:The Promise and Betrayal of Modern Work. Oxford University Press, 2005:122~123
17 张丽华.薪酬改革从调查开始.企业管理,2003:55~58
18 丁世青,李陶.企业薪酬改革的若干问题.中国人力资源开发,2002:6
19 孙剑平. 国企薪酬管理的公有制陷井. 中国人力资源开发,2001:5~8
20 Alan Price. Human Resource Management in a Business Context. Thomson Learning, 2004:28~29
21 柴振国等.企业法人财产权的反思与重构.法律出版社,2001:272
22 黄明.公司制度分析.中国财政经济出版社,1997:45~47
23 吴敬琏.DECD 公司治理结构原则.中国经济出版社,1999:54~55
24 Yogesh Malhotra. Knowledge Management and Business Model Innovation. Idea Group Publishing, 2001:45~47
25 K.Srikantaiah, M.E.D Koening. Knowledge management for the Information Professional. Information Today Inc,2001:23~24
26 Perry WJ. Secretary lf Annual Report to the President and the Congress. Washington , D.C:U.s.Gorernment Printing Office, 1996, (3):12
27 Perry WJ.Report of the Secretary of Defense to the president and the Congress. Washington , D.C:U.s.Gorernment Printing Office, 1995, (2):14
28 杜人淮.. 国防工业结构战略性调整刍议. 军事经济研究,1988,(5):18
29 效宁. 军民结合型企业民品经营模式分析. 经济研究参考,2001,(8):45
30 陈永忠,王君迈,裴厚勤.大型国有企业改革与发展.经济研究参考,1999,(22):23~25
31 Keith Ward. Strategic Management.Accounting, 2002:55
32 李敬. 未来我国军工企业发展环境. 金融经济. 2003,(11):12~15
33 朱义坤.公司治理论.广东人民出版社,1999:18~23
34 孙剑平.国企薪酬管理的公有制陷井. 中国人力资源开发,2001,45 ~46
35 R.S.Schuler and V.L.Huber. Rersonnel and Human Resource Management. West Publisher, 2003:38~39
36 厉以宁. 国有企业:你的路在何方. 经济出版社,2003:23~24
37 William A.Sahlman. How to Write A Great Business plan. Harverd Business Review, 1997, (7):44~45
38 张维迎.企业理论与中国企业改革.北京大学出版社,1999:3
39 David F R. Strategic Management. N.J.:Prentice Hall,1995:21~23
40 Shepard , stephenb B. The New Economy :What it really means.Business week, 1997, (11):17~23,38~40
41 迈克尔.波特.竞争战略.华夏出版社,1997:34~36
42 R.S.Schuler and V.L.Huber. Rersonnel and Human Resource Management. West Publisher, 2003:15~17
43 Jensen, M. C. K. J. Murphy. Performance Pay and Top-management Incentives Journal of Political Economy, 1990:66~67
44 张丽华. 薪酬改革从调查开始. 企业管理,2003,(7):24~25
45 丁世青,李陶. 企业薪酬改革的若干问题. 中国人力资源开发,2002:9
46 张南征,张胜旺. 当代国防经济理论前沿问题研究. 国防大学出版社,2003:44~45
2 效宁.军民结合型企业民品经营模式分析.经济研究参考, 2001,(18):57
3 林毅夫,刘培林.自生能力与国企改革.经济研究,2001,(9):78~80
4 于波.江苏军民结合二十年.江苏观察,2003,(8):20~23
5 林毅夫,刘培林.自生能力与国企改革.经济研究,2001,(9):45~47
6 杜人淮.西方发达国家的军事采办制度及对我们的启示.军事经济研究,1999,(8):57~59
7 杜人淮.世界军事工业发展的基本现状与中国军事工业的出路. 经济研究参考,2000,(57):11~12
8 杜人淮.西方发达国家的军事采办制度及对我们的启示.军事经济研究,1999,(8):40~46
9 [英]基斯?哈利特,[美]托德?桑德勒,姜鲁鸣等译.国防经济学手册.经济科学出版社,2001:12
10 [美]雅克?甘斯勒,张连超等译.美国国防工业转轨.国防工业出版社,1998,(1):40~46
11 Ataway. M.C. A Study of the Relationship Between Firm Performance and CEO Compensation. The Dissertation Abstract of Nova Southeastern University, 1997
12 Lewellen W, B Huntsman. Managerial pay and corporate performance. American Economic Review, 2000,60(4): 710~720
13 Timothy Galpin. Commect Human Resource Strategy to the Business Plan. HR Magazine,1997,(3):99~104
14 刘志远,林云.现代企业激励机制.上海人民出版社,1997:22~23
15 R.Mock. Management Ownership and Market Valuation. An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Financial Economics, 2004:66~67
16 Joanne B.Ciulla. The Working Life:The Promise and Betrayal of Modern Work. Oxford University Press, 2005:122~123
17 张丽华.薪酬改革从调查开始.企业管理,2003:55~58
18 丁世青,李陶.企业薪酬改革的若干问题.中国人力资源开发,2002:6
19 孙剑平. 国企薪酬管理的公有制陷井. 中国人力资源开发,2001:5~8
20 Alan Price. Human Resource Management in a Business Context. Thomson Learning, 2004:28~29
21 柴振国等.企业法人财产权的反思与重构.法律出版社,2001:272
22 黄明.公司制度分析.中国财政经济出版社,1997:45~47
23 吴敬琏.DECD 公司治理结构原则.中国经济出版社,1999:54~55
24 Yogesh Malhotra. Knowledge Management and Business Model Innovation. Idea Group Publishing, 2001:45~47
25 K.Srikantaiah, M.E.D Koening. Knowledge management for the Information Professional. Information Today Inc,2001:23~24
26 Perry WJ. Secretary lf Annual Report to the President and the Congress. Washington , D.C:U.s.Gorernment Printing Office, 1996, (3):12
27 Perry WJ.Report of the Secretary of Defense to the president and the Congress. Washington , D.C:U.s.Gorernment Printing Office, 1995, (2):14
28 杜人淮.. 国防工业结构战略性调整刍议. 军事经济研究,1988,(5):18
29 效宁. 军民结合型企业民品经营模式分析. 经济研究参考,2001,(8):45
30 陈永忠,王君迈,裴厚勤.大型国有企业改革与发展.经济研究参考,1999,(22):23~25
31 Keith Ward. Strategic Management.Accounting, 2002:55
32 李敬. 未来我国军工企业发展环境. 金融经济. 2003,(11):12~15
33 朱义坤.公司治理论.广东人民出版社,1999:18~23
34 孙剑平.国企薪酬管理的公有制陷井. 中国人力资源开发,2001,45 ~46
35 R.S.Schuler and V.L.Huber. Rersonnel and Human Resource Management. West Publisher, 2003:38~39
36 厉以宁. 国有企业:你的路在何方. 经济出版社,2003:23~24
37 William A.Sahlman. How to Write A Great Business plan. Harverd Business Review, 1997, (7):44~45
38 张维迎.企业理论与中国企业改革.北京大学出版社,1999:3
39 David F R. Strategic Management. N.J.:Prentice Hall,1995:21~23
40 Shepard , stephenb B. The New Economy :What it really means.Business week, 1997, (11):17~23,38~40
41 迈克尔.波特.竞争战略.华夏出版社,1997:34~36
42 R.S.Schuler and V.L.Huber. Rersonnel and Human Resource Management. West Publisher, 2003:15~17
43 Jensen, M. C. K. J. Murphy. Performance Pay and Top-management Incentives Journal of Political Economy, 1990:66~67
44 张丽华. 薪酬改革从调查开始. 企业管理,2003,(7):24~25
45 丁世青,李陶. 企业薪酬改革的若干问题. 中国人力资源开发,2002:9
46 张南征,张胜旺. 当代国防经济理论前沿问题研究. 国防大学出版社,2003:44~45