奶山羊阴外动脉内乳成分前体物理想平衡模式的研究
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摘要
本论文利用阴外动脉和乳静脉血插管技术,通过阴外动脉灌注乳成分前体物(milk components precursors, MCP),研究阴外动脉MCP浓度的变化关中奶山羊乳腺对乳蛋白前体物(Milk Protein Precursors, MPP)、乳脂前体物(Milk Fat Precursors, MFP)和乳糖前体物(Milk Lactose Precursors, MLP)的摄取效率及相关激素受体mRNA表达量的影响,得到关中奶山羊阴外动脉中MCP理想平衡模式。
(1)不同NFC/NDF日粮对奶山羊阴外动脉内乳成分前体营养物含量及乳成分的影响
选用2～3岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和乳静脉血插管的关中奶山羊6只,随机分为两组,分别饲喂不同NFC/NDF日粮(Ⅰ、Ⅱ),采集阴外动脉和乳静脉血浆,测定乳腺血流量和阴外动脉中MCP的含量。结果表明,不同NFC/NDF日粮对关中奶山羊乳腺血流量影响不大(P>0.05),乳腺血流量平均为124.8L/d,血浆流量平均为83.2 L/d；不同NFC/NDF日粮条件下,关中奶山羊阴外动脉内MLP的浓度差异显著(P<0.05),MPP、MFP浓度没有明显变化(P>0.05)；不同NFC/NDF日粮对关中奶山羊产奶量和乳成分影响不明显(P>0.05)。
(2)阴外动脉灌注不同氨基酸模式对奶山羊乳腺营养物质摄取及乳成分的影响
选用2-3岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和乳静脉血插管的关中奶山羊6只,随机分为两组,分别饲喂不同NFC/NDF日粮(Ⅰ、Ⅱ),由阴外动脉灌注不同平衡模式的氨基酸,在灌注前后分别采集动静脉血浆,测定动静脉血浆中MPP、MFP、MLP的含量和乳腺对其的摄取。结果表明,不同NFC/NDF日粮条件下阴外动脉灌注不同氨基酸模式均提高了乳腺对MCP的摄取；日粮Ⅰ不同氨基酸模式灌注组产奶量和乳成分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),日粮Ⅱ除平衡模式组乳脂率与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)外,各组产奶量和乳成分差异均不显著(P>0.05)；日粮NFC/NDF为1.03,阴外动脉灌注必需氨基酸6.03g/d(AABI=0.972)时,乳腺对MCP的摄取效果最佳,此时阴外动脉中MCP的平衡模式MPP:MFP:MLP为15：20：65。
(3)理想氨基酸模式基础上阴外动脉灌注不同葡萄糖水平对奶山羊乳腺营养物质摄取及乳成分的影响
选用2-3岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和乳静脉血插管的关中奶山羊6只,随机分为两组,饲喂日粮Ⅰ,试验组由阴外动脉灌注不同模式氨基酸、葡萄糖混合物,对照组由阴外动脉灌注葡萄糖；在灌注前后分别采集动静脉血浆,测定动静脉血浆中MPP、MFP、MLP的含量和乳腺对其的摄取。结果表明,阴外动脉灌注葡萄糖和氨基酸葡萄糖混合物提高了乳腺对MCP的摄取；日粮NFC/NDF为1.03时,阴外动脉灌注必需氨基酸6.03g/d (AABI=0.972)和葡萄糖45g/d混合物,乳腺对MCP的摄取效率最佳,并且提高了产奶量和改善了乳成分(P<0.05)；本试验条件下,关中奶山羊阴外动脉MCP的理想平衡模式MPP:MFP:MLP为15.2：18.7：66.1。
(4)阴外动脉灌注氨基酸、葡萄糖混合物对奶山羊血液中IGF-Ⅰ、PRL、GH、ACC、FAS及其在乳腺上皮细胞mRNA表达量的影响
选用2～3岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和乳静脉血插管的关中奶山羊3只,日粮Ⅰ条件下,由阴外动脉灌注必需氨基酸6.03g/d (AABI=0.972)和葡萄糖45g/d混合物,在灌注前后分别采集乳静脉血浆和乳腺组织,测定乳静脉中类胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)的含量和乳腺组织中IGF-Ⅰ、催乳素受体(PRLR)、生长激素受体(GHR)的mRNA表达量。结果表明,处理组与对照组相比,乳静脉中的IGF-Ⅰ、GH和PRL浓度明显升高(P<0.05),FAS和ACC的浓度略有升高(P>0.05)；乳腺组织中GHR和IGF-Ⅰ的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),PRLR的mRNA表达量极显著提高(P<0.01)。
综合上述试验结果说明,动脉血液中乳成分前体物质浓度的改变影响乳腺对乳成分前体物的摄取,能够明显提高乳静脉中与乳成分合成相关的激素含量和乳腺组织中相关激素受体mRNA的表达量,有利于乳的形成。
To study ideal balance model of milk components precursors(MCP) in external pudendal artery(EPA) of Guanzhong dairy goats, the experiment was conducted to study the effects of MCP concentration in EPA on uptake and extraction of milk protein precursors(MPP), milk fat precursors(MFP), milk lactose precursors(MLP) in mammary gland and changes of related hormone in subcutaneous abdominal vein(SAV) as well as the expression of related hormone receptor mRNA in mammary tissue of dairy goats infusing MCP into EPA used blood vessel intubation technique.
(1) Influence on milk production and milk content and the MCP concentration in EPA of dairy goats by different NFC/NDF diets
Six dairy goats aged from 2 to 3 years which had similar body weight and milk production were selected to do blood vessel intubation in EPA and SAV, divided two sets and feeded different NFC/NDF diets(ⅠandⅡ), collecting arteriovenous plasma, in order to measure mammary gland blood flow(MBF) and MCP concentration in EPA of dairy goats. The result showed that MBF didn't changed(P>0.05) and the average of MBF was 124.8L/d, the average of mammary gland plasma flow(MPF) was 83.2 L/d; MLP concentration was significantly difference(P<0.05) and MPP concentration, MFP concentration was no significantly difference(P>0.05) by different NFC/NDF diets. The influence on milk production and milk content of dairy goat was no significantly difference(P>0.05).
(2) Influence on milk production and milk content as well as the uptake and extraction of MCP in mammary gland of dairy goats infusing different balance models of amino acids into EPA
Six dairy goats aged from 2 to 3 years which had similar body weight and milk production were selected to do blood vessel intubation in EPA and SAV, divided two sets and feeded different NFC/NDF diets, infusing different balance models of amino acids into EPA, collecting arteriovenous plasma around the infusion, in order to measure the changes of MCP as well as the uptake and extraction in mammary gland. The result showed that the uptake of MCP in mammary gland were step up infusing different balance models of amino acids into EPA; compared with control group, the milk production and milk content of dairy goats were significantly difference(P<0.05) by diets I, the milk production and milk content of dairy goats were no significantly difference(P>0.05) expect the milk fat was significantly difference(P<0.05) in balance model group by dietsⅡ; the uptake of MCP in mammary gland was best infusing essential amino acid(EAA) 6.03g/d (AABI=0.972) when NFC/NDF was 1.03 in dies, at this time the balance model of MCP(MPP:MFP:MLP) was 15:20:65.
(3) Influence on milk production and milk content as well as the uptake and extraction of MCP in mammary gland of dairy goats infusing different ideal balance models of amino acids and glucose into EPA
Six dairy goats aged from 2 to 3 years which had similar body weight and milk production were selected to do blood vessel intubation in EPA and SAV, divided two sets and feeded diets I, infusing a mixture of amino acids and glucose into EPA at treatment groups and infusing glucose into EPA at control groups, collecting arteriovenous plasma around the infusion, in order to measure the changes of MCP as well as the uptake and extraction in mammary gland. The result showed that the uptake of MCP in mammary gland were step up infusing a mixture of amino acids and glucose into EPA; the uptake of MCP in mammary gland was best infusing a mixture of EAA 6.03g/d (AABI=0.972) and glucose 45g/d when NFC/NDF was 1.03 in dies, and the milk production and milk content of dairy goats were significantly difference(P<0.05) compared with control group; The ideal balance model of MCP (MPP:MFP:MLP) was 15.2:18.7:66.1 in EPA of Guanzhong dairy goats.
(4) Influence of IGF-Ⅰ、PRL、GH、ACC、FAS in SAV and the expression of IGF-Ⅰ、PRLR、GHR mRNA in mammary tissue of dairy goats infusing ideal balance model of amino acids and glucose into EPA
Three dairy goats aged from 2 to 3 years which had similar body weight and milk production were selected to do blood vessel intubation in EPA and SAV, feeded diets I, infusing a mixture of EAA 6.03g/d (AABI=0.972) and glucose 45g/d into EPA and collecting SAV plasma and mammary tissue around the infusion, in order to measure the changes of growth hormone(GH), prolactin(PRL), insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthetase(FAS) and the mRNA expression of IGF-Ⅰ,growth hormone receptor(GHR) and prolactin receptor(PRLR) in mammary tissue. Compared with the control group, the concentration of IGF-I, GH and PRL were significantly increased(P<0.05), the concentration of ACC and FAS were no significantly difference(P>0.05);The mRNA expression of GHR and IGF-I in mammary tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05), while that of PRLR was also significantly increased (P<0.01).
In summary, the above results indicated that the changes of MCP concentration can affect the uptake of MCP and significantly promote concentration of related hormone in SAV and the mRNA expression of related hormone receptor in mammary tissue, which is in favor of the synthesis of milk.
(1)不同NFC/NDF日粮对奶山羊阴外动脉内乳成分前体营养物含量及乳成分的影响
选用2～3岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和乳静脉血插管的关中奶山羊6只,随机分为两组,分别饲喂不同NFC/NDF日粮(Ⅰ、Ⅱ),采集阴外动脉和乳静脉血浆,测定乳腺血流量和阴外动脉中MCP的含量。结果表明,不同NFC/NDF日粮对关中奶山羊乳腺血流量影响不大(P>0.05),乳腺血流量平均为124.8L/d,血浆流量平均为83.2 L/d；不同NFC/NDF日粮条件下,关中奶山羊阴外动脉内MLP的浓度差异显著(P<0.05),MPP、MFP浓度没有明显变化(P>0.05)；不同NFC/NDF日粮对关中奶山羊产奶量和乳成分影响不明显(P>0.05)。
(2)阴外动脉灌注不同氨基酸模式对奶山羊乳腺营养物质摄取及乳成分的影响
选用2-3岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和乳静脉血插管的关中奶山羊6只,随机分为两组,分别饲喂不同NFC/NDF日粮(Ⅰ、Ⅱ),由阴外动脉灌注不同平衡模式的氨基酸,在灌注前后分别采集动静脉血浆,测定动静脉血浆中MPP、MFP、MLP的含量和乳腺对其的摄取。结果表明,不同NFC/NDF日粮条件下阴外动脉灌注不同氨基酸模式均提高了乳腺对MCP的摄取；日粮Ⅰ不同氨基酸模式灌注组产奶量和乳成分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),日粮Ⅱ除平衡模式组乳脂率与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)外,各组产奶量和乳成分差异均不显著(P>0.05)；日粮NFC/NDF为1.03,阴外动脉灌注必需氨基酸6.03g/d(AABI=0.972)时,乳腺对MCP的摄取效果最佳,此时阴外动脉中MCP的平衡模式MPP:MFP:MLP为15：20：65。
(3)理想氨基酸模式基础上阴外动脉灌注不同葡萄糖水平对奶山羊乳腺营养物质摄取及乳成分的影响
选用2-3岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和乳静脉血插管的关中奶山羊6只,随机分为两组,饲喂日粮Ⅰ,试验组由阴外动脉灌注不同模式氨基酸、葡萄糖混合物,对照组由阴外动脉灌注葡萄糖；在灌注前后分别采集动静脉血浆,测定动静脉血浆中MPP、MFP、MLP的含量和乳腺对其的摄取。结果表明,阴外动脉灌注葡萄糖和氨基酸葡萄糖混合物提高了乳腺对MCP的摄取；日粮NFC/NDF为1.03时,阴外动脉灌注必需氨基酸6.03g/d (AABI=0.972)和葡萄糖45g/d混合物,乳腺对MCP的摄取效率最佳,并且提高了产奶量和改善了乳成分(P<0.05)；本试验条件下,关中奶山羊阴外动脉MCP的理想平衡模式MPP:MFP:MLP为15.2：18.7：66.1。
(4)阴外动脉灌注氨基酸、葡萄糖混合物对奶山羊血液中IGF-Ⅰ、PRL、GH、ACC、FAS及其在乳腺上皮细胞mRNA表达量的影响
选用2～3岁,体重、产奶量相近、安装有阴外动脉和乳静脉血插管的关中奶山羊3只,日粮Ⅰ条件下,由阴外动脉灌注必需氨基酸6.03g/d (AABI=0.972)和葡萄糖45g/d混合物,在灌注前后分别采集乳静脉血浆和乳腺组织,测定乳静脉中类胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)的含量和乳腺组织中IGF-Ⅰ、催乳素受体(PRLR)、生长激素受体(GHR)的mRNA表达量。结果表明,处理组与对照组相比,乳静脉中的IGF-Ⅰ、GH和PRL浓度明显升高(P<0.05),FAS和ACC的浓度略有升高(P>0.05)；乳腺组织中GHR和IGF-Ⅰ的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),PRLR的mRNA表达量极显著提高(P<0.01)。
综合上述试验结果说明,动脉血液中乳成分前体物质浓度的改变影响乳腺对乳成分前体物的摄取,能够明显提高乳静脉中与乳成分合成相关的激素含量和乳腺组织中相关激素受体mRNA的表达量,有利于乳的形成。
To study ideal balance model of milk components precursors(MCP) in external pudendal artery(EPA) of Guanzhong dairy goats, the experiment was conducted to study the effects of MCP concentration in EPA on uptake and extraction of milk protein precursors(MPP), milk fat precursors(MFP), milk lactose precursors(MLP) in mammary gland and changes of related hormone in subcutaneous abdominal vein(SAV) as well as the expression of related hormone receptor mRNA in mammary tissue of dairy goats infusing MCP into EPA used blood vessel intubation technique.
(1) Influence on milk production and milk content and the MCP concentration in EPA of dairy goats by different NFC/NDF diets
Six dairy goats aged from 2 to 3 years which had similar body weight and milk production were selected to do blood vessel intubation in EPA and SAV, divided two sets and feeded different NFC/NDF diets(ⅠandⅡ), collecting arteriovenous plasma, in order to measure mammary gland blood flow(MBF) and MCP concentration in EPA of dairy goats. The result showed that MBF didn't changed(P>0.05) and the average of MBF was 124.8L/d, the average of mammary gland plasma flow(MPF) was 83.2 L/d; MLP concentration was significantly difference(P<0.05) and MPP concentration, MFP concentration was no significantly difference(P>0.05) by different NFC/NDF diets. The influence on milk production and milk content of dairy goat was no significantly difference(P>0.05).
(2) Influence on milk production and milk content as well as the uptake and extraction of MCP in mammary gland of dairy goats infusing different balance models of amino acids into EPA
Six dairy goats aged from 2 to 3 years which had similar body weight and milk production were selected to do blood vessel intubation in EPA and SAV, divided two sets and feeded different NFC/NDF diets, infusing different balance models of amino acids into EPA, collecting arteriovenous plasma around the infusion, in order to measure the changes of MCP as well as the uptake and extraction in mammary gland. The result showed that the uptake of MCP in mammary gland were step up infusing different balance models of amino acids into EPA; compared with control group, the milk production and milk content of dairy goats were significantly difference(P<0.05) by diets I, the milk production and milk content of dairy goats were no significantly difference(P>0.05) expect the milk fat was significantly difference(P<0.05) in balance model group by dietsⅡ; the uptake of MCP in mammary gland was best infusing essential amino acid(EAA) 6.03g/d (AABI=0.972) when NFC/NDF was 1.03 in dies, at this time the balance model of MCP(MPP:MFP:MLP) was 15:20:65.
(3) Influence on milk production and milk content as well as the uptake and extraction of MCP in mammary gland of dairy goats infusing different ideal balance models of amino acids and glucose into EPA
Six dairy goats aged from 2 to 3 years which had similar body weight and milk production were selected to do blood vessel intubation in EPA and SAV, divided two sets and feeded diets I, infusing a mixture of amino acids and glucose into EPA at treatment groups and infusing glucose into EPA at control groups, collecting arteriovenous plasma around the infusion, in order to measure the changes of MCP as well as the uptake and extraction in mammary gland. The result showed that the uptake of MCP in mammary gland were step up infusing a mixture of amino acids and glucose into EPA; the uptake of MCP in mammary gland was best infusing a mixture of EAA 6.03g/d (AABI=0.972) and glucose 45g/d when NFC/NDF was 1.03 in dies, and the milk production and milk content of dairy goats were significantly difference(P<0.05) compared with control group; The ideal balance model of MCP (MPP:MFP:MLP) was 15.2:18.7:66.1 in EPA of Guanzhong dairy goats.
(4) Influence of IGF-Ⅰ、PRL、GH、ACC、FAS in SAV and the expression of IGF-Ⅰ、PRLR、GHR mRNA in mammary tissue of dairy goats infusing ideal balance model of amino acids and glucose into EPA
Three dairy goats aged from 2 to 3 years which had similar body weight and milk production were selected to do blood vessel intubation in EPA and SAV, feeded diets I, infusing a mixture of EAA 6.03g/d (AABI=0.972) and glucose 45g/d into EPA and collecting SAV plasma and mammary tissue around the infusion, in order to measure the changes of growth hormone(GH), prolactin(PRL), insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthetase(FAS) and the mRNA expression of IGF-Ⅰ,growth hormone receptor(GHR) and prolactin receptor(PRLR) in mammary tissue. Compared with the control group, the concentration of IGF-I, GH and PRL were significantly increased(P<0.05), the concentration of ACC and FAS were no significantly difference(P>0.05);The mRNA expression of GHR and IGF-I in mammary tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05), while that of PRLR was also significantly increased (P<0.01).
In summary, the above results indicated that the changes of MCP concentration can affect the uptake of MCP and significantly promote concentration of related hormone in SAV and the mRNA expression of related hormone receptor in mammary tissue, which is in favor of the synthesis of milk.
引文
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