中小企业国际化成长机制与评价体系研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化趋势的不断加强,研究中小企业国际化成长已经成为国际经济领域最热门的课题之一。这一方面是由于中小企业在我国国民经济中所处的重要地位,另一方面是由于全球化将对我国经济的可持续发展产生深远的影响。当前,国内外对中小企业国际化的研究,主要集中在中小企业国际化现状、中小企业国际化模式、中小企业国际化战略和中小企业国际化程度测评等方面。本文则着重研究中小企业国际化成长的机制与中小企业国际化成长能力的评价体系。
     本文从国内外有关企业国际化成长的理论和评价模型出发,首先从宏观方面分析了改革开放以来,我国中小企业国际化成长的状况。在此基础上,从微观方面分三个层次研究中小企业国际化成长的机制,并提出了中小企业国际化成长的理论模型:中小企业国际化成长的外在表现是出口和对外投资的逐步发展,其深层次的表现则是企业对杠杠机制、创新机制、控制机制的有效运用,而这些又最终取决于企业的学习能力。为了验证理论模型的有效性,本文以此为基础,构建了中小企业国际化成长能力的评价体系,利用中小上市公司的数据进行了实证分析,取得了良好的效果。最后,本文还分别从企业层面和政府层面出发,探讨了我国中小企业国际化成长的对策。
With the globalization of the world's economy, the research on theinternationalization growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has become oneof the most popular topics in the area of international economics. This is because onthe one hand SMEs have located important roles in the national economy; on the otherhand the globalization of economy will have a profound influence on the sustaineddevelopment of China's economy. At present, domestic and foreign research on theinternationalization of SMEs, mainly focus on the internationalization performance ofSMEs, the internationalization models of SMEs, the internationalization strategy ofSMEs and how to evaluate the internationalization degree of SMEs. However, thisarticle concentrates with the mechanisms and appraisal system of theinternationalization growth of SMEs.
     Based on the theory and the appraisal system on the internationalization growthof enterprise, firstly, this article analyses the performance of the internationalizationof SMEs after the opening reform, in a micro way. Then, we study the mechanism ofthe internationalization growth of SMEs through three levels and construct atheoretical model of the internationalization growth of SMEs. Exportation and foreigninvestment are the external performances of the internationalization growth of SMEs.While the external performances are depend on whether the enterprise's levermechanism, innovation mechanism and control mechanism run effectively. But these mechanisms are ultimately determined by the learning ability of the enterprise. Inorder to confirm the validity of the theoretical model, we have constructed anappraisal system to evaluate the internationalization ability of SMEs on the basis theabove theories. We have also used this appraisal system to evaluate 10 SMEs, theresult sounds satisfactory. Finally, this article has proposed some measures from bothgovernment and enterprise aspect in order to help SMEs growth smoothly and quicklyin the internationalization process.
引文
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