东亚区域集装箱海运网拓扑结构及演变研究
摘要
作为世界贸易所依靠的主要运输方式,海上运输的发展,尤其是集装箱运输的发展势头迅猛。件杂货运输的标准化、系统化、网络化和信息化均通过集装箱运输得以实现。集装箱运输也凭借其显著的优势成为整个运输体系中发展最快的运输方式。集装箱运输迅速发展的同时,也带来了传统运输方式空间组织结构的改变。尤其是班轮运营模式的采纳,使得各航线及运力配置基本固定,不会轻易发生改变。如此便形成了以集装箱港口为节点,以集装箱航线为路径的的集装箱海上运输网络。随着集装箱港口层次逐渐形成,枢纽港与支线港分离,整个海运系统进一步形成了结构复杂、空间整体性严密、综合性强,具有关联性和开放性的复杂系统。
在以往对集装箱海运网的研究中,在网络的空间组织结构、布局优化以及网络的经济性等方面成果较多,而对于空间网络的整体研究成果较少。复杂网络理论恰为海上运输体系这一复杂系统的研究提供了重要的理论基础,适合其综合、动态、开放的特点,能够从整体上把握集装箱海运网的特性。
本文首先介绍了复杂网络理论的基本概念、拓扑特性及典型模型,阐述了集装箱运输的发展阶段,分析了集装箱海运输的特点,对于集装箱海运网的形成进行了概括性描述。然后通过对东亚区域的界定,分析了东亚区域内集装箱海运网的主要构成要素,构建出了实际的东亚区域集装箱海运网,并进一步对其网络拓扑结构进行了分析。又运用复杂网络理论中的BBV加权网络演化模型,对东亚区域的集装箱海运网演化进行了研究,总结了航线数量为驱动的集装箱海运网演化特征,并对模拟网络拓扑特性与实际网络进行了对比分析。最后分析了东亚区域集装箱海运网的发展趋势,并从班轮公司的角度出发,提出了提高网络效率的改进策略,对于班轮公司改进运营航线网络具有一定的指导意义。
As the main mode of transportation that the world trade relies, maritime transportation, particularly the container transportation develops rapidly. The standardization, systematization, networking and informatization of general cargo transport are realized through the container transportation. The development of container transportation is the fastest in the entire transportation system. Container transport develops, at the same time, it also brings changes to the organization structure of traditional transportation mode. Especially the adoption of liner operation mode, the route and ships are fixed. Thus container marine transport network whose node is port and edge is shipping line is formed. Along with the development of container port, the level between different ports gradually formed, then hub port and spoke port separate. So the entire shipping system is further formed an open and complex system.
In the past, the study on container shipping network is usually about the network space structure, layout optimization and the economical efficiency of the network. For the overall network study results is less. The complex networks theory is exactly provides an important theoretical basis for the maritime transportation system research, for its comprehensive, dynamic and open characteristics.
This paper first introduces the basic concept of theory of complex network, topological characteristics and typical model. Then it elaborats the development of container transportation stage and anal yes of the container transportation characteristics, giving the container shipping network formation s a general description. Then through defining the East Asia region, analyses the main elements of container shipping network in East Asia region. Then this paper composes the actual regional container shipping network, and further analyzes on the topological structure of the network. And studies on the evolution of the container shipping network with BBV model. Then summaries the characteristics of the evolution network. Finally analyses the trends of East Asia regional container shipping network development. And put forward to strategy for liner companies.
在以往对集装箱海运网的研究中,在网络的空间组织结构、布局优化以及网络的经济性等方面成果较多,而对于空间网络的整体研究成果较少。复杂网络理论恰为海上运输体系这一复杂系统的研究提供了重要的理论基础,适合其综合、动态、开放的特点,能够从整体上把握集装箱海运网的特性。
本文首先介绍了复杂网络理论的基本概念、拓扑特性及典型模型,阐述了集装箱运输的发展阶段,分析了集装箱海运输的特点,对于集装箱海运网的形成进行了概括性描述。然后通过对东亚区域的界定,分析了东亚区域内集装箱海运网的主要构成要素,构建出了实际的东亚区域集装箱海运网,并进一步对其网络拓扑结构进行了分析。又运用复杂网络理论中的BBV加权网络演化模型,对东亚区域的集装箱海运网演化进行了研究,总结了航线数量为驱动的集装箱海运网演化特征,并对模拟网络拓扑特性与实际网络进行了对比分析。最后分析了东亚区域集装箱海运网的发展趋势,并从班轮公司的角度出发,提出了提高网络效率的改进策略,对于班轮公司改进运营航线网络具有一定的指导意义。
As the main mode of transportation that the world trade relies, maritime transportation, particularly the container transportation develops rapidly. The standardization, systematization, networking and informatization of general cargo transport are realized through the container transportation. The development of container transportation is the fastest in the entire transportation system. Container transport develops, at the same time, it also brings changes to the organization structure of traditional transportation mode. Especially the adoption of liner operation mode, the route and ships are fixed. Thus container marine transport network whose node is port and edge is shipping line is formed. Along with the development of container port, the level between different ports gradually formed, then hub port and spoke port separate. So the entire shipping system is further formed an open and complex system.
In the past, the study on container shipping network is usually about the network space structure, layout optimization and the economical efficiency of the network. For the overall network study results is less. The complex networks theory is exactly provides an important theoretical basis for the maritime transportation system research, for its comprehensive, dynamic and open characteristics.
This paper first introduces the basic concept of theory of complex network, topological characteristics and typical model. Then it elaborats the development of container transportation stage and anal yes of the container transportation characteristics, giving the container shipping network formation s a general description. Then through defining the East Asia region, analyses the main elements of container shipping network in East Asia region. Then this paper composes the actual regional container shipping network, and further analyzes on the topological structure of the network. And studies on the evolution of the container shipping network with BBV model. Then summaries the characteristics of the evolution network. Finally analyses the trends of East Asia regional container shipping network development. And put forward to strategy for liner companies.
引文
[1]张嗣瀛.复杂性科学整体规律与定性研究[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学,2005,2(1)：71-83.
[2]Amaral L, Scala A, Barthelemy M, et al. Classes of small-world networks[J]. PNAS, 2000,97(21):11149-11152.
[3]BAGLER G. Analysis of the airport network of India as acomplex weighted network[J]. Physica A,2008,387(12):2972-2980.
[4]王姣娥,莫辉辉,金凤君.中国航空网络空间结构的复杂性[J].地理学报,2008,64(8)：899-910.
[5]Vito Latora, Massimo Marchiori. Is the Bostonsubway a small-world network? [J]. Physica A, 2002,314:109.
[6]Parongama Sen, Subinay Dasgupta, Arnab Chatterjee, et al. Small-world properties of the Indian Railway network, [J] arXiv:cond-mat/0208535,2002.
[7]秦琼,李舒阳.基于复杂网络的大连公交网络系统的拓扑结构分析[J].科技信息,2011,8：636-637.
[8]高自友,吴建军,毛保华等.交通运输网络复杂性及其相关问题的研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2005,5(2)：79-84.
[9]莫辉辉,王姣娥,金凤君.交通运输网络的复杂性研究[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(6)：112-119.
[10]王成金,金凤君.中国海上集装箱运输的组织网络研究[J].地理科学,2006,26(4)：392-401.
[11]王成金,C e sar Ducruet.现代集装箱港口体系演进理论与实证[J].地理研究,2011,30(3)：397410.
[12]Xu Xinping, Hu Junhui, LiuFeng. Empirical analysis of the ship-transport network of China[J]. Chaos,2007,17:023129.
[13]Fremont Antoine. Global maritime networks:the case of Maersk[J]. Journal of transport geography,2007,15:431-442.
[14]程书恒,郭子坚,宋向群.基于复杂网络的集装箱海运系统的鲁棒性研究[J].港工技术,2010,47(2)：32-35.
[15]邓贵仕,武佩剑,田炜.全球航运网络鲁棒性和脆弱性研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2008,48(5)：765-768.
[16]熊文海.世界航运网络的结构特性及其动力学行为研究[D].青岛：青岛大学,2008.
[17]武佩剑,邓贵仕,田炜.集装箱航运网络拓扑特性研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2008,32(4)：665-668.
[18]牟向伟,陈燕,杨明等.班轮航运网络拓扑特性[J].大连海事大学学报,2009,35(2)：34-37.
[19]钱学森,许国志,王寿云.论系统工程[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,1988.
[20]刘涛,陈忠,陈晓荣.复杂网络理论及其应用研究概述[J].系统工程,2005,23(6)：1-7.
[21]陈关荣.复杂网络及其新近研究进展简介[J].力学进展,2008,38：653-662.
[22]Boccaletti S, Latra V, MorenoY.Complex networks:strueture and dynamies[J]. Physies Reports, 2006,424(4-5):175-308.
[23]刘宝全.国际贸易网络测度与演化研究[D].上海：上海交通大学博士学位论文,2007.
[24]郭雷,许晓鸣.复杂网络[M].上海：上海科技教育出版社,2006.
[25]汪小帆,李翔,陈关荣.复杂网络理论及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[26]STROGATZ S H. Exploring complex networks [J].Nature,2001,410:268-276.
[27]Thomas Fuhrmann. Small-World Networks Revisited[J].Springer,2003.
[28]章忠志.复杂网络的演化模型研究[D].大连：大连理工大学博士学位论文2006.
[29]王林,戴冠中.复杂网络的Scale-free性、Scale-free现象及其控制[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[30]Watts D J, Strogatz S H. Collective dynamics of small world networks[J]. Nature, 1998,393:440-442.
[31]黄萍,张许杰等.小世界网络的研究与展望[J].情报杂志,2007,11(6)：66-68.
[32]Barrat,A.On the properties of small- world networks[J]. Eur Phys J,2000,13:547-560.
[33]杨春等.BA无标度网络模型的扩展.全国复杂网络学术会议,武汉,2006.
[34]Barabasi A L, Albert R. Emergence of scaling in random networks[J]. Science,1999,286:509-512.
[35]陶少华等.基于节点吸引力的复杂网络演化模型研究[J].计算机工程,2009,35(1)：111-113.
[36]车宏安,顾基发.无标度网络及其系统科学意义[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004,44(4)：11-16.
[37]舒洪峰.集装箱港口发展动态研究[D].北京：中国社会科学院研究生院,2007.
[38]Notteboom T E. Container shipping and ports:an overview[J]. Review of Network Economics, 2004,3(2):86-106.
[39]韩增林.集装箱港口运输体系的形成机制与布局研究[D].长春：东北师范大学,2003年.
[40]田炜,邓贵仕,武佩剑等.世界航运网络复杂性分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2007,47(4)：606-607.
[41]彭传圣.东亚港口集装箱运输发展前景[J].港口装卸,2007,2：39-40.
[42]http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=brochure&path=/our_services/containers
[43]http://www.mscgva.ch
[44]http://www.cma-cgm.com/eBusiness/Schedules/LineServices
[45]李增扬,韩秀萍,陆君安等.内部演化的BA无标度网络模型[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学,2005,2(2)：1-6.
[46]熊文海,张嗣瀛,方爱丽,加权演化的港口网络模型的研究[J],数学的实践与认识,2008,38(2),64-69.
[47]W.Hxiong, S.YZhang, Q.HGao. Weighted Evolving Network with Geographieal Constraints,2008 Chinese Control and Deeision Conferenee,2008.
[48]W.X Wang,et al. General Dynamies of Topology and Traffic on Weighted Technological Networks[J]. Phys Re vLett,2005,94:188702.
[49]陈晓,张纪会.复杂供需网络的局域演化生长模型[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学,2008,5(1)：54-60.
[50]周涛,傅忠谦,牛永伟等.复杂网络上传播动力学研究综述[J].自然科学进展,2005,15(5)：513-518.
[51]周健,潘家鑫,程克勤.基于新局域世界的BBV网络模型演化研究[J].计算机工程,2010,36(19)：266-268.
[2]Amaral L, Scala A, Barthelemy M, et al. Classes of small-world networks[J]. PNAS, 2000,97(21):11149-11152.
[3]BAGLER G. Analysis of the airport network of India as acomplex weighted network[J]. Physica A,2008,387(12):2972-2980.
[4]王姣娥,莫辉辉,金凤君.中国航空网络空间结构的复杂性[J].地理学报,2008,64(8)：899-910.
[5]Vito Latora, Massimo Marchiori. Is the Bostonsubway a small-world network? [J]. Physica A, 2002,314:109.
[6]Parongama Sen, Subinay Dasgupta, Arnab Chatterjee, et al. Small-world properties of the Indian Railway network, [J] arXiv:cond-mat/0208535,2002.
[7]秦琼,李舒阳.基于复杂网络的大连公交网络系统的拓扑结构分析[J].科技信息,2011,8：636-637.
[8]高自友,吴建军,毛保华等.交通运输网络复杂性及其相关问题的研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2005,5(2)：79-84.
[9]莫辉辉,王姣娥,金凤君.交通运输网络的复杂性研究[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(6)：112-119.
[10]王成金,金凤君.中国海上集装箱运输的组织网络研究[J].地理科学,2006,26(4)：392-401.
[11]王成金,C e sar Ducruet.现代集装箱港口体系演进理论与实证[J].地理研究,2011,30(3)：397410.
[12]Xu Xinping, Hu Junhui, LiuFeng. Empirical analysis of the ship-transport network of China[J]. Chaos,2007,17:023129.
[13]Fremont Antoine. Global maritime networks:the case of Maersk[J]. Journal of transport geography,2007,15:431-442.
[14]程书恒,郭子坚,宋向群.基于复杂网络的集装箱海运系统的鲁棒性研究[J].港工技术,2010,47(2)：32-35.
[15]邓贵仕,武佩剑,田炜.全球航运网络鲁棒性和脆弱性研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2008,48(5)：765-768.
[16]熊文海.世界航运网络的结构特性及其动力学行为研究[D].青岛：青岛大学,2008.
[17]武佩剑,邓贵仕,田炜.集装箱航运网络拓扑特性研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2008,32(4)：665-668.
[18]牟向伟,陈燕,杨明等.班轮航运网络拓扑特性[J].大连海事大学学报,2009,35(2)：34-37.
[19]钱学森,许国志,王寿云.论系统工程[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,1988.
[20]刘涛,陈忠,陈晓荣.复杂网络理论及其应用研究概述[J].系统工程,2005,23(6)：1-7.
[21]陈关荣.复杂网络及其新近研究进展简介[J].力学进展,2008,38：653-662.
[22]Boccaletti S, Latra V, MorenoY.Complex networks:strueture and dynamies[J]. Physies Reports, 2006,424(4-5):175-308.
[23]刘宝全.国际贸易网络测度与演化研究[D].上海：上海交通大学博士学位论文,2007.
[24]郭雷,许晓鸣.复杂网络[M].上海：上海科技教育出版社,2006.
[25]汪小帆,李翔,陈关荣.复杂网络理论及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[26]STROGATZ S H. Exploring complex networks [J].Nature,2001,410:268-276.
[27]Thomas Fuhrmann. Small-World Networks Revisited[J].Springer,2003.
[28]章忠志.复杂网络的演化模型研究[D].大连：大连理工大学博士学位论文2006.
[29]王林,戴冠中.复杂网络的Scale-free性、Scale-free现象及其控制[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[30]Watts D J, Strogatz S H. Collective dynamics of small world networks[J]. Nature, 1998,393:440-442.
[31]黄萍,张许杰等.小世界网络的研究与展望[J].情报杂志,2007,11(6)：66-68.
[32]Barrat,A.On the properties of small- world networks[J]. Eur Phys J,2000,13:547-560.
[33]杨春等.BA无标度网络模型的扩展.全国复杂网络学术会议,武汉,2006.
[34]Barabasi A L, Albert R. Emergence of scaling in random networks[J]. Science,1999,286:509-512.
[35]陶少华等.基于节点吸引力的复杂网络演化模型研究[J].计算机工程,2009,35(1)：111-113.
[36]车宏安,顾基发.无标度网络及其系统科学意义[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004,44(4)：11-16.
[37]舒洪峰.集装箱港口发展动态研究[D].北京：中国社会科学院研究生院,2007.
[38]Notteboom T E. Container shipping and ports:an overview[J]. Review of Network Economics, 2004,3(2):86-106.
[39]韩增林.集装箱港口运输体系的形成机制与布局研究[D].长春：东北师范大学,2003年.
[40]田炜,邓贵仕,武佩剑等.世界航运网络复杂性分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2007,47(4)：606-607.
[41]彭传圣.东亚港口集装箱运输发展前景[J].港口装卸,2007,2：39-40.
[42]http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=brochure&path=/our_services/containers
[43]http://www.mscgva.ch
[44]http://www.cma-cgm.com/eBusiness/Schedules/LineServices
[45]李增扬,韩秀萍,陆君安等.内部演化的BA无标度网络模型[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学,2005,2(2)：1-6.
[46]熊文海,张嗣瀛,方爱丽,加权演化的港口网络模型的研究[J],数学的实践与认识,2008,38(2),64-69.
[47]W.Hxiong, S.YZhang, Q.HGao. Weighted Evolving Network with Geographieal Constraints,2008 Chinese Control and Deeision Conferenee,2008.
[48]W.X Wang,et al. General Dynamies of Topology and Traffic on Weighted Technological Networks[J]. Phys Re vLett,2005,94:188702.
[49]陈晓,张纪会.复杂供需网络的局域演化生长模型[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学,2008,5(1)：54-60.
[50]周涛,傅忠谦,牛永伟等.复杂网络上传播动力学研究综述[J].自然科学进展,2005,15(5)：513-518.
[51]周健,潘家鑫,程克勤.基于新局域世界的BBV网络模型演化研究[J].计算机工程,2010,36(19)：266-268.