FPGA和USB2.0在图像数据采集中的应用
摘要
条形码是一种用印刷图形实现快速计算机输入的技术。通过它可以代替手工录入,降低录入差错,加快人员或商品的流通效率,改善人们的生活。随着电子技术的飞速发展,数字图像处理在人们日常生活中的使用已经越来越普及,在证件条码识别、公安、交通监控、火灾监控、产品识别、防伪等领域都有了广泛的应用。本设计就是基于数字图像处理的数据采集方案,即通过CMOS图像传感器采集一维条码、二维条码图像数据信息,将其无损传递到PC机,由PC机对采集到的信息进行运算解码,输出采集码字的详细信息。该产品在国外已经广泛使用,在国内的市场也在不断拓展。身份证、护照、名片以及书籍、消费品等商品上具有的一维条码、二维条码,可经该设备送PC机解码后查询数据库,以鉴别真伪,保护广大群众的切身利益。相对于欧美等相似产品而言,该设计方案不仅成本低,而且由于解码优化和传输过程的巧妙控制,使解码速度也有了大大提高,因而在市场上有较强的竞争力。
在本论文的研究课题中,USB固件驱动Micron公司的MT9M112[1]图像传感器取得图像信息,数据在经FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)缓冲后用USB(Universal Serial Bus)传输至PC机,供后者解码后进行各种应用。方案利用FPGA的FIFO核(FIFO Core)资源不仅顺利解决了MT9M112和USB因工作频率不同而产生的速率匹配问题,而且将8位图像数据转换为16位,大大加快了数据的传输速率,使PC机得到的数据更加流畅,同时通过对USB(这里采用的是Cypress的EZ_USB FX2[2])增强型51核控制,实现了对MT9M112的亮度、画质、防拖影、以及指示灯等的控制,提高了产品的适应性和识别率,受到条码阅读器客户的青睐。
Bar-code is a technology for printed figures to act as a fast input way to computer. It can replace manual keyboard typing in many fields, thus decrease the possibility of wrong typing, speed-up the flow efficiency of people and goods, and make life better. With the rapid development of electronics technology, digital image processing has being applied in people's daily lives, now the use of it has become more and more popular in the bard-code recognition domain, public security, traffic control, fire control and so on. This design is based on digital image processing of data transformation, in which a CMOS image sensor captures a frame of one dimensional or two dimensional bar-code as image data, then transfer it to a PC. The PC would decode the image data and output the number and characters which the bard-code expresses. The product has been widely used abroad and in the domestic market it is expanding. It can be used for identity cards, passports, business cards, books, supermarket products and so on. By PC and the associated databases,the decoded information can be used to identify the authenticity and protect the vital interests of the people. Compared to the similar products manufactured by Europe and the United States, this design not only has lower costs, but also does well in controlling images' transmission. As a result, the decoding process has been accelerated dramatically, it is competitive in the market of bar-code recognition products.
In this study, the principle of the USB firmware is driving MT9M112, the image sensor presented by Micron, to capture image data and send it to a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chip, then the data would be transferred to a PC via USB (Universal Serial Bus), get ready for bar-code recognition. The use of the FPGA's program FIFO (or "FIFO Core") core resources not only solve the problem of different operating data rate successfully between MT9M112 and USB interface, but also change the 8-bit image data into 16-bit format, which greatly improves transfer performance. So the PC would get data more fluently. At the same time by taking advantage of the enhanced features of the 51-core offered by Cypress's EZ_USB FX2, we are able to control the MT9M112 brightness, picture quality, as well as light control of the device, etc. In addition, the product is so considerate to facilitate users' operation during our design that we are sure it would be easily accepted by consumers.
在本论文的研究课题中,USB固件驱动Micron公司的MT9M112[1]图像传感器取得图像信息,数据在经FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)缓冲后用USB(Universal Serial Bus)传输至PC机,供后者解码后进行各种应用。方案利用FPGA的FIFO核(FIFO Core)资源不仅顺利解决了MT9M112和USB因工作频率不同而产生的速率匹配问题,而且将8位图像数据转换为16位,大大加快了数据的传输速率,使PC机得到的数据更加流畅,同时通过对USB(这里采用的是Cypress的EZ_USB FX2[2])增强型51核控制,实现了对MT9M112的亮度、画质、防拖影、以及指示灯等的控制,提高了产品的适应性和识别率,受到条码阅读器客户的青睐。
Bar-code is a technology for printed figures to act as a fast input way to computer. It can replace manual keyboard typing in many fields, thus decrease the possibility of wrong typing, speed-up the flow efficiency of people and goods, and make life better. With the rapid development of electronics technology, digital image processing has being applied in people's daily lives, now the use of it has become more and more popular in the bard-code recognition domain, public security, traffic control, fire control and so on. This design is based on digital image processing of data transformation, in which a CMOS image sensor captures a frame of one dimensional or two dimensional bar-code as image data, then transfer it to a PC. The PC would decode the image data and output the number and characters which the bard-code expresses. The product has been widely used abroad and in the domestic market it is expanding. It can be used for identity cards, passports, business cards, books, supermarket products and so on. By PC and the associated databases,the decoded information can be used to identify the authenticity and protect the vital interests of the people. Compared to the similar products manufactured by Europe and the United States, this design not only has lower costs, but also does well in controlling images' transmission. As a result, the decoding process has been accelerated dramatically, it is competitive in the market of bar-code recognition products.
In this study, the principle of the USB firmware is driving MT9M112, the image sensor presented by Micron, to capture image data and send it to a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chip, then the data would be transferred to a PC via USB (Universal Serial Bus), get ready for bar-code recognition. The use of the FPGA's program FIFO (or "FIFO Core") core resources not only solve the problem of different operating data rate successfully between MT9M112 and USB interface, but also change the 8-bit image data into 16-bit format, which greatly improves transfer performance. So the PC would get data more fluently. At the same time by taking advantage of the enhanced features of the 51-core offered by Cypress's EZ_USB FX2, we are able to control the MT9M112 brightness, picture quality, as well as light control of the device, etc. In addition, the product is so considerate to facilitate users' operation during our design that we are sure it would be easily accepted by consumers.
引文
[1] Micron,MT9M112 datasheet,www.micron.com
[2] Cypress.EZUSB FX2 Technical Reference Manual.www.cypress.com, 2006.
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[2] Cypress.EZUSB FX2 Technical Reference Manual.www.cypress.com, 2006.
[3]赵东方.基于FPGA的数字视频转换接口设计与实现[J].武汉:武汉大学学报自然科学版,2005.
[4]夏宇闻. Verilog HDL数字设计与综合[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[5]王冠. Verilog HDL与数字电路设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社2005.
[6]王金明.数字系统设计与Verilog HDL [M],北京:电子工业出版社。
[6]马才根.FPGA和DSP在传输数据中的应用,陕西:现代电子技术[M]科学出版社,2005
[7] UweMeyer-Baese.数字信号处理的FPGA实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[8]张欣.VLSI数字信号处理-设计与实现[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[9]胡广书.数字信号处理:理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[10]薛圆圆.USB应用开发技术大全[M].北京:人民邮电出版社2005,3.
[11]钱峰等.EZ_USB FX2单片机原理编程及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学,2007.
[12]胡汉才.单片机原理及接口技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[13]周立功等. USB固件编程与驱动开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,2.
[14]萧世文.USB2.0硬件设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[15]王成儒,李英伟.USB 2.0原理与工程开发[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007.
[16] Cypress.CY7C68013, EZUSB FX2 USB Microcontro ller,www. cypress.com,2006
[17] UART Transmistter and Receiver Macros,Ken Chapman Xilinx Ltd,2002,10
[18] (英)渥伦斯基Digital System Design with VHDL,Second Edition [M]工业出版社2004.07
[19]程佩清.数字信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[20]侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版,1999.
[21]吴庆.逻辑函数的或/与形式及其在数字电路设计中的应用[J]科技通报,1994
[22] Stephan W.Mondwurf.BENEFITSOF THE CORDIC-ALGORITHM IN A VERSATILE COFDM MODULATOR/DEMODULATOR DESIGN [M]. Fourth IEEE International Caracas Conference on Devices, Circuitsand Systems[C].Aruba, April 17~19, 2002.
[23]冯涛,王程,可编程逻辑器件开发技术MAX+PLUSⅡ入门与提高[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2002。
[24]王学敏.编写USB固件小诀窍,北京:世界电子元器件,2004年
[25] (奥)George J. Wakileh著徐政译,电力系统谐波-基本原理、分析方法和滤波器设计[M]机械工业出版社, 2003
[26]喻春轩译,《电子滤波器设计》[M]电子工业出版社, 1986
[27]刘延波,郑世强,王斌,吴瑛. USB设备固件程序设计[J].信息工程大学学报, 2004,(02) .
[28]陈启美,王刚,丁传锁,陈锁柱. USB技术概况[J].电力自动化设备, 2001,(02) .
[29]陈启美,张静,丁传锁,陈锁柱. USB数据流模型[J].电力自动化设备, 2001,(03) .
[30]李洋,邹建华.高速接口USB与IEEE1394的性能分析[J].电声技术, 2001,(01) .
[31]王蓓蓓.用LED大屏幕显示汉字的方法[J].电信快报, 1996,(02) .
[32]刘道贤,陈东富.单片微机控制的LED汉字显示器[J].电子技术, 1992,(12) .
[33]张有弘,赵晋云,郑卫健.基于8031串行口的LED电子广告牌[J].电子技术, 1993,(11) .
[34] (日)森荣二著,薛培鼎译LC滤波器设计与制作[M]科学出版社
[35]陈国亮.小屏幕LED汉字广告机[J].电子技术, 1995,(08) .
[36]吴会松.河北省任丘市.简谈USB[J].电子科技, 1999,(19) .
[37]邢中柱.经常被问到的关于USB的一些问题[J]电子产品世界, 1999,(07) .
[38]意流花. USB的连接与扩充[J]电脑, 2001,(04) .
[39]吴会松.简谈USB[J]电子科技, 1999,(19) .
[40]赵海龙,陆煜明.一种在Labview中使用通用I/O模块的方法[J]工业控制计算机, 2000,(02)
[41]刘强,郑莹娜,李扬,李高飞.基于LabVIEW平台和GPIB接口的测试系统开发及应用[J]电子技术应用, 2000,(09) .
[42]陈启美,王刚,丁传锁,陈锁柱. USB技术概况[J]电力自动化设备, 2001,(02) .
[43]陈启美,张静,丁传锁,陈锁柱. USB数据流模型[J]电力自动化设备, 2001,(03) .
[44]周振宇,谷海颖.基于USB总线的实时数据采集系统设计[J]电子技术应用, 2002,(02) .
[45]陈尚松.论三种串行总线在自动测试系统中的应用[J]桂林电子工业学院学报, 2000, .
[46]李洋,邹建华.高速接口USB与IEEE1394的性能分析[J]电声技术, 2001,(01) .
[34]张艺. LED智能显示屏驱动显示电路[J].电子技术, 1994,(04) .
[47]武安河等. Windows 2000/XP WDM设备驱动程序开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[48]施诺等<译>. Windows 2000设备驱动程序设计指南.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.