旋转运动模糊图像校正算法研究
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摘要
在成像过程中,相机与物体之间的相对旋转运动会导致得到的图像中某些有用信息被掩盖。旋转运动模糊因其模糊的空间变化的特性,近年来成为数字图像处理领域的主要研究课题之一。该类型的运动模糊是红外制导系统中普遍存在的问题,会影响目标的识别和跟踪,因此,对旋转运动模糊图像的复原有着非常重要的理论和实际应用价值。
由于实际获得的旋转运动模糊图像的模糊参数不可控制,因此本文在进行算法研究时,首先根据模糊图像的退化模型生成了一系列仿真旋转运动模糊图形,以此作为前期研究素材,在证实了算法的正确性后,再进行实际验证。在对模糊图像进行复原之前,本研究先从水平运动模糊尺度的确定方法展开,提出了一种利用自相关来鉴别旋转模糊角度的方法,并利用仿真图像进行了算法正确性的验证。
旋转模糊角度的鉴别是确定图像退化点扩展函数的关键,在此基础上,本文讨论了维纳滤波、有约束最小二乘方滤波和LR滤波的性能,并最终选择了维纳滤波作为理论基础,提出了一种旋转运动模糊图像的复原算法,利用bresenham画圆算法的思想将空间变化模糊转变为空间不变模糊,利用维纳滤波实现一维的去卷积,再变换回原空间,达到图像复原的目的。该算法应用于仿真图像,论证了算法的可行性,然后针对实际图像旋转圆心不可知的特性,分别选取不同的像素点作为旋转中心,对实际得到的模糊图像进行处理,可以从中提取字迹图案等有用信息,达到了本论文的预期目的。
In imaging process,the relative rotation motion will lead to some useful message be covered.The Characteristic of rotation motion blur is space-variant. Therefore the restoration of rotation motion blurred image becomes one of main problem in image processing research.This kind of motion blur will impact object identification and tracking in Infrared Guidance System.The restoration of rotation motion blurred image has important value of theory and engineering application.
A series of simulation rotation motion blurred images are formed according to rotation motion blurred degradation model.These simulation blurred images are research objects in Preliminary Stage.When the correctness of algorithm is verified, the practical obtained blurred images are processed to confirm.Before the restoration of blurred images,the rotation angle is identified at first.Three widely used methods for the identification of rectilinear motion blurred extent,Fourier transform,error-parameter curve,and autocorrelation,are introduced in rotation motion blurred image analysis.Then,the autocorrelation is proved to be an effective method by processing the simulation images.
The performances of three filtering methods are analyzed,Wiener Filtering, constrained least-squares Filtering,and Lucy-Richardson Filtering.And then,a restoration method of rotation motion blurred images based on wiener filtering is proposed.In this method,the space-variant blurs are transformed to space-invariant blurs by using the Bresenham circle-producing algorithm.Deconvolutions are practiced by using wiener filtering.Then,the space-invariant are transformed back to space-variant in order to realize image restoration.The feasibility of this method is proved by processing the simulation blurred images.And then,focusing on the uncertain of the rotation circle center,the practical obtained blurred images are restored with different circle centers.The word and design in restored blurred images can be extracting.The research purpose is realized basically.
由于实际获得的旋转运动模糊图像的模糊参数不可控制,因此本文在进行算法研究时,首先根据模糊图像的退化模型生成了一系列仿真旋转运动模糊图形,以此作为前期研究素材,在证实了算法的正确性后,再进行实际验证。在对模糊图像进行复原之前,本研究先从水平运动模糊尺度的确定方法展开,提出了一种利用自相关来鉴别旋转模糊角度的方法,并利用仿真图像进行了算法正确性的验证。
旋转模糊角度的鉴别是确定图像退化点扩展函数的关键,在此基础上,本文讨论了维纳滤波、有约束最小二乘方滤波和LR滤波的性能,并最终选择了维纳滤波作为理论基础,提出了一种旋转运动模糊图像的复原算法,利用bresenham画圆算法的思想将空间变化模糊转变为空间不变模糊,利用维纳滤波实现一维的去卷积,再变换回原空间,达到图像复原的目的。该算法应用于仿真图像,论证了算法的可行性,然后针对实际图像旋转圆心不可知的特性,分别选取不同的像素点作为旋转中心,对实际得到的模糊图像进行处理,可以从中提取字迹图案等有用信息,达到了本论文的预期目的。
In imaging process,the relative rotation motion will lead to some useful message be covered.The Characteristic of rotation motion blur is space-variant. Therefore the restoration of rotation motion blurred image becomes one of main problem in image processing research.This kind of motion blur will impact object identification and tracking in Infrared Guidance System.The restoration of rotation motion blurred image has important value of theory and engineering application.
A series of simulation rotation motion blurred images are formed according to rotation motion blurred degradation model.These simulation blurred images are research objects in Preliminary Stage.When the correctness of algorithm is verified, the practical obtained blurred images are processed to confirm.Before the restoration of blurred images,the rotation angle is identified at first.Three widely used methods for the identification of rectilinear motion blurred extent,Fourier transform,error-parameter curve,and autocorrelation,are introduced in rotation motion blurred image analysis.Then,the autocorrelation is proved to be an effective method by processing the simulation images.
The performances of three filtering methods are analyzed,Wiener Filtering, constrained least-squares Filtering,and Lucy-Richardson Filtering.And then,a restoration method of rotation motion blurred images based on wiener filtering is proposed.In this method,the space-variant blurs are transformed to space-invariant blurs by using the Bresenham circle-producing algorithm.Deconvolutions are practiced by using wiener filtering.Then,the space-invariant are transformed back to space-variant in order to realize image restoration.The feasibility of this method is proved by processing the simulation blurred images.And then,focusing on the uncertain of the rotation circle center,the practical obtained blurred images are restored with different circle centers.The word and design in restored blurred images can be extracting.The research purpose is realized basically.
引文
[1]张远鹏.计算机图像处理技术基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996.
[2]范培蕾,张晓今,杨涛,寇保华.旋转图像中线目标的复原与提取方法研究,红外与激光工程[J].2007年04期.
[3]Lim H,Tan K C,Tan B T G.Edge errors in inverse and wiener filter restorations of motion-blurred images and their windowing treatment[J].CVGIP,1991,53:186-195.
[4]邹谋炎.反卷积和信号复原[M].北京,国防工业出版社,2001.
[5]洪汉玉,张天序.非零边界旋转运动模糊图像的恢复算法[J].中国图象图形学报,2004(3).
[6]李智勇.动态图像分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999.
[7]K R Castleman.Digital processing.New York[M].Prentice hall.Inc,1998.
[8]J L Harris,Sr.Image evaluation and restoration[J].Opt.Soc.Amer.,1966,56:569-574.
[9]C W Helstrom.Image restoration by the method of least squares[J].Opt.Soc.Amer.,1967,57(3) CVGIP,297-303.
[10]H C Andrews,B R Hunt.Digital image restoration[M].Prentice hall Inc.New York:Englewood Cliffs,1977.
[11]D Slepian.Linear least-squares filtering of distorted images[J].Opt.Soc.Amer.,1967,577:918-922.
[12]Andrews H C,Hunt B R.Digital Image Restoration[M].Eagle-wood Cliffs,New Jersey,USA:Prentice Hall,NC.1977.
[13]G M Robbins,T S Huang.Inverse filtering for linear shift-variant imaging systems[J]..Proc.IEEE,1972,60(7):862-872.
[14]A A Sawchuk,Space-Variant Image Motion Restoration and Degradation[J].Proc,IEEE 1972,60(7):845-861.
[15]A A Sawchuk and M J Peyrovian Space-Variant Image Restoration by Coordinate Transformations[J].Opt.Soc.Amer.,1974,64(2):138-144.
[16]Castleman K R.著,朱志刚,石定机,林学阖译.Digital Image Processing[M].北京,电 子工业出版社,2002.
[17]罗俊,黄本雄.运动模糊图像成像与超分辨率重构研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[18]K R Castleman.数字图象处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002:324-334.
[19]徐鲁安.图象质量评价方法的研究与实现[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003:4-12.
[20]Ahmet M.Eskicioglu and Paul S.Fisher,Image Quality Measures and Their Performance[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1995,43.
[21]Zhou Wang and Alan C.Bovik,A Universal Image Quality Index[J].IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS,2002,9.
[22]K.Hosaka,A New Picture Quality Evaluation Method[J].Proceedings of the International Picture Coding Symposium,April,1986.
[23]刘明.基于图象复原的航空摄影前向像移检测及补偿技术研究[D].中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所博士学位论文,2005年.
[24]徐鲁安,章琦等.一种新的图象质量评价方法[J].计算机工程与设计,2004,25(3):418-420.
[25]胡良梅,高隽,何柯峰.图象融合质量评价方法的研究[J].电子学报,2004,32(12):218-221.
[26]刘艳春.利用传播波方程作运动模糊图象质量恢复的客观评价[D].暨南大学硕士学位论文,2002年.
[27]丁艺芳.基于小波变换和视觉系统的图象质量综合评价新方法[D].上海大学博士学位论文,2001年.
[28]汪孔桥.数字图象的质量评价[J].测控技术,2000,19(5):14-16.
[29]崔清亮.图象质量评价在虹膜识别中的应用研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2004年.
[30]W.Osberger and A.J.Maeder.,A technique for image quality assessment based on a human visual system model[C].EUSIPCO-98.
[31]潘琪.运动模糊仿真图像的正确生成[D].暨南大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[32]孙家广.计算机图形学[M].清华大学出版社1995,173-176.
[33]唐林波,赵保军.线状目标实时检测算法的研究[J].光学技术,2006,32(1):155-158.
[34]林荫,李翠华,黄剑航.基于 radon 变换的运动模糊图像参数估计[J].计算机技术与发展,2008,18(1):33-36.
[35]Michael Cannon.Blind Deconvolution of Spatially invariant image Blurs with Phase [J].IEEE Transactions On Acoustics,Speech,And Signal Processing.1976,58-63.
[36]Y.Yitzhaky,N.S.Kopeika.Identification of the blur Parameters from motion blurred images[J].Graphical modals and image processing,1997:310-320.
[37]Lim H,Tan K C,Tan B T G.Edge errors in inverse and wiener filter restorations of motion-blurred images and their windowing treatment CVGIP,1991,53:186-195.
[38]章毓晋.图象工程上册,图象处理和分析[M].清华大学出版社,1999:112-113.
[39]罗军辉,冯平等.MATLAB7.0 在图象处理中的应用[M].机械工业出版社,2005:258-278.
[40]张德丰,张葡青.维纳滤波图像恢复的理论分析与实现[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版)2006,45(6):44-47.
[41]洪汉玉,张天序.旋转运动空间可变模糊图像的代数复原[J].红外与激光工程,2003,32(4):394-397.
[42]韩超阳.旋转运动模糊图像复原及电子稳像技术研究.上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2008年.
[43]张采芳,田岩,柳健,李涛.运动模糊图像点扩展函数的自动识别方法[J].红外与激光工程,2007,36(2)2:48-251.
[44]汪金友,王淑礼,廖兆曙.3种画圆算法的优劣分析[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005,18(4):486-488.
[45]刘晶晶,晏磊,赵红颖,宁书年.数字图像运动模糊复原质量评价方法研究[J].影像技术,2007,第1期:13-15.
[46]范蓓蕾,张晓今,杨涛,寇保华.旋转图像中线目标的复原与提取方法研究[J].红外与激光工程,2007,36(4):547-550.
[47]洪汉玉,张天序.非零边界旋转运动模糊图像的恢复算法[J].中国图象图形学报,2004,9(3):265-274.
[48]孙辉,张葆,刘晶红.基于维纳滤波的运动模糊消除算法及其在航空成像系统中的应用[J].光学精密工程,2005,13(6):735-740.
[2]范培蕾,张晓今,杨涛,寇保华.旋转图像中线目标的复原与提取方法研究,红外与激光工程[J].2007年04期.
[3]Lim H,Tan K C,Tan B T G.Edge errors in inverse and wiener filter restorations of motion-blurred images and their windowing treatment[J].CVGIP,1991,53:186-195.
[4]邹谋炎.反卷积和信号复原[M].北京,国防工业出版社,2001.
[5]洪汉玉,张天序.非零边界旋转运动模糊图像的恢复算法[J].中国图象图形学报,2004(3).
[6]李智勇.动态图像分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999.
[7]K R Castleman.Digital processing.New York[M].Prentice hall.Inc,1998.
[8]J L Harris,Sr.Image evaluation and restoration[J].Opt.Soc.Amer.,1966,56:569-574.
[9]C W Helstrom.Image restoration by the method of least squares[J].Opt.Soc.Amer.,1967,57(3) CVGIP,297-303.
[10]H C Andrews,B R Hunt.Digital image restoration[M].Prentice hall Inc.New York:Englewood Cliffs,1977.
[11]D Slepian.Linear least-squares filtering of distorted images[J].Opt.Soc.Amer.,1967,577:918-922.
[12]Andrews H C,Hunt B R.Digital Image Restoration[M].Eagle-wood Cliffs,New Jersey,USA:Prentice Hall,NC.1977.
[13]G M Robbins,T S Huang.Inverse filtering for linear shift-variant imaging systems[J]..Proc.IEEE,1972,60(7):862-872.
[14]A A Sawchuk,Space-Variant Image Motion Restoration and Degradation[J].Proc,IEEE 1972,60(7):845-861.
[15]A A Sawchuk and M J Peyrovian Space-Variant Image Restoration by Coordinate Transformations[J].Opt.Soc.Amer.,1974,64(2):138-144.
[16]Castleman K R.著,朱志刚,石定机,林学阖译.Digital Image Processing[M].北京,电 子工业出版社,2002.
[17]罗俊,黄本雄.运动模糊图像成像与超分辨率重构研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[18]K R Castleman.数字图象处理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002:324-334.
[19]徐鲁安.图象质量评价方法的研究与实现[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003:4-12.
[20]Ahmet M.Eskicioglu and Paul S.Fisher,Image Quality Measures and Their Performance[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1995,43.
[21]Zhou Wang and Alan C.Bovik,A Universal Image Quality Index[J].IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS,2002,9.
[22]K.Hosaka,A New Picture Quality Evaluation Method[J].Proceedings of the International Picture Coding Symposium,April,1986.
[23]刘明.基于图象复原的航空摄影前向像移检测及补偿技术研究[D].中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所博士学位论文,2005年.
[24]徐鲁安,章琦等.一种新的图象质量评价方法[J].计算机工程与设计,2004,25(3):418-420.
[25]胡良梅,高隽,何柯峰.图象融合质量评价方法的研究[J].电子学报,2004,32(12):218-221.
[26]刘艳春.利用传播波方程作运动模糊图象质量恢复的客观评价[D].暨南大学硕士学位论文,2002年.
[27]丁艺芳.基于小波变换和视觉系统的图象质量综合评价新方法[D].上海大学博士学位论文,2001年.
[28]汪孔桥.数字图象的质量评价[J].测控技术,2000,19(5):14-16.
[29]崔清亮.图象质量评价在虹膜识别中的应用研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2004年.
[30]W.Osberger and A.J.Maeder.,A technique for image quality assessment based on a human visual system model[C].EUSIPCO-98.
[31]潘琪.运动模糊仿真图像的正确生成[D].暨南大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[32]孙家广.计算机图形学[M].清华大学出版社1995,173-176.
[33]唐林波,赵保军.线状目标实时检测算法的研究[J].光学技术,2006,32(1):155-158.
[34]林荫,李翠华,黄剑航.基于 radon 变换的运动模糊图像参数估计[J].计算机技术与发展,2008,18(1):33-36.
[35]Michael Cannon.Blind Deconvolution of Spatially invariant image Blurs with Phase [J].IEEE Transactions On Acoustics,Speech,And Signal Processing.1976,58-63.
[36]Y.Yitzhaky,N.S.Kopeika.Identification of the blur Parameters from motion blurred images[J].Graphical modals and image processing,1997:310-320.
[37]Lim H,Tan K C,Tan B T G.Edge errors in inverse and wiener filter restorations of motion-blurred images and their windowing treatment CVGIP,1991,53:186-195.
[38]章毓晋.图象工程上册,图象处理和分析[M].清华大学出版社,1999:112-113.
[39]罗军辉,冯平等.MATLAB7.0 在图象处理中的应用[M].机械工业出版社,2005:258-278.
[40]张德丰,张葡青.维纳滤波图像恢复的理论分析与实现[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版)2006,45(6):44-47.
[41]洪汉玉,张天序.旋转运动空间可变模糊图像的代数复原[J].红外与激光工程,2003,32(4):394-397.
[42]韩超阳.旋转运动模糊图像复原及电子稳像技术研究.上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2008年.
[43]张采芳,田岩,柳健,李涛.运动模糊图像点扩展函数的自动识别方法[J].红外与激光工程,2007,36(2)2:48-251.
[44]汪金友,王淑礼,廖兆曙.3种画圆算法的优劣分析[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005,18(4):486-488.
[45]刘晶晶,晏磊,赵红颖,宁书年.数字图像运动模糊复原质量评价方法研究[J].影像技术,2007,第1期:13-15.
[46]范蓓蕾,张晓今,杨涛,寇保华.旋转图像中线目标的复原与提取方法研究[J].红外与激光工程,2007,36(4):547-550.
[47]洪汉玉,张天序.非零边界旋转运动模糊图像的恢复算法[J].中国图象图形学报,2004,9(3):265-274.
[48]孙辉,张葆,刘晶红.基于维纳滤波的运动模糊消除算法及其在航空成像系统中的应用[J].光学精密工程,2005,13(6):735-740.