自适应光学仿真系统关键技术研究
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摘要
激光大气传输由于受到大气湍流和热晕的影响，导致光学系统的成像质量下降。为了提高光学系统成像质量，需要使用自适应光学系统对畸变波前进行校正。无波前传感器的自适应光学是自适应光学技术的研究热点之一。基于优化算法的无波前传感器自适应光学能避免传统的波前测量所带来的一系列问题，具有结构简单紧凑的特点。优化算法的效率是影响无波前传感器自适应光学系统性能的关键技术之一。要提高无波前传感器自适应光学系统的性能，需要寻找适合的优化算法。本文在对自适应光学技术进行深入分析研究的基础上，建立了自适应光学系统模型，并对模式波前复原算法进行了详尽的讨论和研究，从而提高了自适应光学系统的波前校正性能。
论文完成的主要工作内容如下:
1．研究了自适应光学系统入射波前像差，根据光束的线性传输特性，设计了自适应光学仿真系统的控制结构；在此基础上，对波前探测、波前复原及波前校正三个主要过程进行了系统分析和仿真建模。通过对激光大气湍流和热晕的理论分析，数值模拟了激光大气的湍流效应和热晕效应。建立了基于点扩散函数和斯特列尔比的成像质量评价模型。
2.建立了一套无波前传感器的自适应光学系统模型，提出了一种基于粒子群算法的模式波前复原算法。该算法用来控制变形镜补偿波前像差。算法首先以一组随机解作为初始种群，以针孔内的光强作为系统性能评价函数，并按照粒子群的进化规则在搜索空间内寻找最优解。结果表明，这种算法能够找到补偿像差所需的变形镜的最优面形。
3.为了提高优化算法控制的自适应光学系统的收敛性能，提出一种基于改进粒子群算法的模式波前复原算法。在分析标准粒子群算法的基础上，将变异策略引入到粒子群算法中。算法通过变异策略来保持粒子群的多样性，并且能够加快粒子搜索空间的速度。仿真实验表明改进的粒子群算法可以有效地提高随机像差波前复原的精度。
4.提出了基于并行变异粒子群算法的模式波前复原算法。该算法将粒子群算法的内在并行性与并行模型相结合。本文设计了基于主从模型的多核并行模型。实验结果表明，当迭代步数选取合适时，并行变异粒子群算法具有较好的收敛性能。计算机多核仿真实验表明该算法可以减少波前复原过程中寻找最优电压的时间。
5.提出了一种基于互信息的模式波前复原算法，并利用该算法建立了一套快速模式波前复原的自适应光学系统。通过研究模式基的波前复原能力和减少波前复原模式基的维数，大幅度地提高了复原速度。实验结果表明，该算法具有较好的校正效果。
6.建立了一套基于面向对象技术的61单元自适应光学仿真实验平台。研究了变形镜驱动器的布局和传感器子孔径布局，并且计算了波前复原矩阵；利用模拟大气湍流扰动在激光传输中引入畸变波前像差。最终通过实验测试，分析了自适应光学仿真系统的校正性能，并给出了实验的结果。
Adaptive optics systems have been playing an important role in improving imagequality obtained by large telescopes. Image quality can be reduced by the influence ofatmospheric turbulence and thermal blooming. Wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics isone of the most important research focuses in adaptive optics technology. Wavefrontsensor-less adaptive optics systems based on the optimization algorithm can avoid aseries of problems caused by conventional wavefront measurement. The structure issimple and compact. The efficiency of an optimization algorithm has influenced theperformance of wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics systems. In order to improve thecorrection capability of the system, the suitable optimization algorithm of wavefrontreconstruction is studied. In the paper, based on analysis and research on the adaptiveoptics technology, adaptive optics system models are established. Modal wavefrontreconstruction algorithms are discussed for improving the correction capability of theadaptive optics system.
The main contents can be summarized as follows:
1. This paper studies the principle of wavefront aberration and the propagation oflight beam. The system control structure is described. Further, the working process ofthe system is introduced in details such as wavefront detection, wavefrontreconstruction and wavefront aberration correction. The research on numericalsimulation of light propagation in the atmosphere is carried out. Light beam qualityevaluating methods are discussed.
2. A wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics system is set up, and a modal wavefrontreconstruction algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm whichis applied to controlling a deformable mirror (DM) is proposed. It is initialized with apopulation of random solutions. The system takes the laser power through the pinhole asthe system performance metric. According to evolution rules of PSO algorithm, thesolution space is searched for the global optimization. The simulation results show thatthis algorithm can find the optimum DM shape which is applied to correcting phaseaberration.
3. To improve the convergence performance of the adaptive optics systemcontrolled by the optimization algorithm, an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) algorithm using mutation strategies is proposed. In this proposed algorithm,mutation strategies are used to keep the diversity of the particle swarm and makeparticles explore the space more efficiently. The experimental results show that thealgorithm can improve the precision of wavefront reconstruction.
4. A modal wavefront reconstruction algorithm based on the parallel mutationparticle swarm optimization (PMPSO) is proposed by combining the inherentparallelism of PSO algorithm with parallel models. The PMPSO is designed based onmaster-slave model. The results show that the PMPSO has good convergenceperformance when the communication time step is appropriate. The experimental resultsshow that the optimization scheme can provide better efficiency for finding the optimalcombination of actuator voltages.
5. A fast modal wavefront reconstruction approach based on mutual information isproposed. An adaptive optics system based the fast modal wavefront reconstructionalgorithm is established. By studying the capability of wavefront reconstruction of themodal basis and reducing the basis dimension of wavefront reconstruction, thereconstruction speed can be improved. The simulation results show that the proposedalgorithm can achieve good correction result.
6. An object-oriented simulation platform of a61-element adaptive optics system isestablished. This paper solves the layout of actuators and subapertures on the adaptiveoptics simulation platform. The reconstruction matrix is calculated. The Gauss randomnumber is used to simulate influence of atmosphere turbulence on transmission of lightbeam. Finally, the performance of the adaptive optics system is analyzed and theexperimental results are presented.
论文完成的主要工作内容如下:
1．研究了自适应光学系统入射波前像差，根据光束的线性传输特性，设计了自适应光学仿真系统的控制结构；在此基础上，对波前探测、波前复原及波前校正三个主要过程进行了系统分析和仿真建模。通过对激光大气湍流和热晕的理论分析，数值模拟了激光大气的湍流效应和热晕效应。建立了基于点扩散函数和斯特列尔比的成像质量评价模型。
2.建立了一套无波前传感器的自适应光学系统模型，提出了一种基于粒子群算法的模式波前复原算法。该算法用来控制变形镜补偿波前像差。算法首先以一组随机解作为初始种群，以针孔内的光强作为系统性能评价函数，并按照粒子群的进化规则在搜索空间内寻找最优解。结果表明，这种算法能够找到补偿像差所需的变形镜的最优面形。
3.为了提高优化算法控制的自适应光学系统的收敛性能，提出一种基于改进粒子群算法的模式波前复原算法。在分析标准粒子群算法的基础上，将变异策略引入到粒子群算法中。算法通过变异策略来保持粒子群的多样性，并且能够加快粒子搜索空间的速度。仿真实验表明改进的粒子群算法可以有效地提高随机像差波前复原的精度。
4.提出了基于并行变异粒子群算法的模式波前复原算法。该算法将粒子群算法的内在并行性与并行模型相结合。本文设计了基于主从模型的多核并行模型。实验结果表明，当迭代步数选取合适时，并行变异粒子群算法具有较好的收敛性能。计算机多核仿真实验表明该算法可以减少波前复原过程中寻找最优电压的时间。
5.提出了一种基于互信息的模式波前复原算法，并利用该算法建立了一套快速模式波前复原的自适应光学系统。通过研究模式基的波前复原能力和减少波前复原模式基的维数，大幅度地提高了复原速度。实验结果表明，该算法具有较好的校正效果。
6.建立了一套基于面向对象技术的61单元自适应光学仿真实验平台。研究了变形镜驱动器的布局和传感器子孔径布局，并且计算了波前复原矩阵；利用模拟大气湍流扰动在激光传输中引入畸变波前像差。最终通过实验测试，分析了自适应光学仿真系统的校正性能，并给出了实验的结果。
Adaptive optics systems have been playing an important role in improving imagequality obtained by large telescopes. Image quality can be reduced by the influence ofatmospheric turbulence and thermal blooming. Wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics isone of the most important research focuses in adaptive optics technology. Wavefrontsensor-less adaptive optics systems based on the optimization algorithm can avoid aseries of problems caused by conventional wavefront measurement. The structure issimple and compact. The efficiency of an optimization algorithm has influenced theperformance of wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics systems. In order to improve thecorrection capability of the system, the suitable optimization algorithm of wavefrontreconstruction is studied. In the paper, based on analysis and research on the adaptiveoptics technology, adaptive optics system models are established. Modal wavefrontreconstruction algorithms are discussed for improving the correction capability of theadaptive optics system.
The main contents can be summarized as follows:
1. This paper studies the principle of wavefront aberration and the propagation oflight beam. The system control structure is described. Further, the working process ofthe system is introduced in details such as wavefront detection, wavefrontreconstruction and wavefront aberration correction. The research on numericalsimulation of light propagation in the atmosphere is carried out. Light beam qualityevaluating methods are discussed.
2. A wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics system is set up, and a modal wavefrontreconstruction algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm whichis applied to controlling a deformable mirror (DM) is proposed. It is initialized with apopulation of random solutions. The system takes the laser power through the pinhole asthe system performance metric. According to evolution rules of PSO algorithm, thesolution space is searched for the global optimization. The simulation results show thatthis algorithm can find the optimum DM shape which is applied to correcting phaseaberration.
3. To improve the convergence performance of the adaptive optics systemcontrolled by the optimization algorithm, an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) algorithm using mutation strategies is proposed. In this proposed algorithm,mutation strategies are used to keep the diversity of the particle swarm and makeparticles explore the space more efficiently. The experimental results show that thealgorithm can improve the precision of wavefront reconstruction.
4. A modal wavefront reconstruction algorithm based on the parallel mutationparticle swarm optimization (PMPSO) is proposed by combining the inherentparallelism of PSO algorithm with parallel models. The PMPSO is designed based onmaster-slave model. The results show that the PMPSO has good convergenceperformance when the communication time step is appropriate. The experimental resultsshow that the optimization scheme can provide better efficiency for finding the optimalcombination of actuator voltages.
5. A fast modal wavefront reconstruction approach based on mutual information isproposed. An adaptive optics system based the fast modal wavefront reconstructionalgorithm is established. By studying the capability of wavefront reconstruction of themodal basis and reducing the basis dimension of wavefront reconstruction, thereconstruction speed can be improved. The simulation results show that the proposedalgorithm can achieve good correction result.
6. An object-oriented simulation platform of a61-element adaptive optics system isestablished. This paper solves the layout of actuators and subapertures on the adaptiveoptics simulation platform. The reconstruction matrix is calculated. The Gauss randomnumber is used to simulate influence of atmosphere turbulence on transmission of lightbeam. Finally, the performance of the adaptive optics system is analyzed and theexperimental results are presented.
引文
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