基于GPS/GPRS车载图像监控终端的设计与实现
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摘要
随着嵌入式应用技术和无线网络技术的快速发展,结合了GPS定位技术和GPRS无线通信技术的嵌入式GPS车载终端监控系统应运而生。它的主要作用是将汽车的位置、时间、状态等信息实时地通过无线网络传送到远程指挥控制中心,从而能够随时定位和跟踪汽车。近年来,客运汽车超载、出租车被抢、私家车被盗等事件频繁发生,因此开发具有向远程监控中心回传现场图像功能的车载监控系统有广阔的市场前景。论文将USB视频采集技术引入到车载终端监控系统中,提出了一种基于ARM-Linux平台的嵌入式车载监控和图像传输终端系统的具体实现方案。
论文首先对车载监控相关的GPS定位技术、GPRS无线网络技术、USB接口技术和Linux设备驱动技术做了详细介绍。然后是对车载监控终端软硬件平台方案的设计与实现。硬件方面,由于设计中采用了资源丰富的处理器S3C2410X,使得处理器和GPS模块、GPRS模块、USB视频模块、语音模块的接口设计相对简单。依次详细给出了嵌入式车载监控终端主控制器的选型与特性;定位模块的特性、接口以及数据输出格式;通信模块的特性、结构与接口。软件方面,首先移植了支持USB视频驱动和I2S音频总线的Linux操作系统,移植了可读写的YAFFS文件系统。然后详细介绍了图像采集模块、GPS定位信息采集模块、和GPRS数据传送模块的软件设计流程。为减少GPRS网络传输的数据量,在图像采集模块中采用了JPEG软件压缩编码技术,对静态图像进行压缩编码,较大地节省了网络资源,提高了图片的传输速度。论文的最后总结了所完成的工作,给出了设计的不足之处和有待完善的地方。
基于GPS/GPRS的车载图像监控终端最终可以实现GPS定位数据和图像数据的采集与上传功能。利用这些信息,监控中心可实时跟踪车辆并及时获取车内信息,进一步保障了车内乘客和车辆所有者的人身及财产安全。该终端方案充分利用了S3C2410X处理器资源,方便且实用地实现了低成本的车辆监控功能。
With the rapid development of the embedded-applications and wireless network technology, the embedded vehicle monitoring system which combines the GPS location technology and GPRS wireless communication technology comes into being. Its main function is transmitting the location of the vehicle, time, status, and other real-time information through the wireless network to the remote monitoring center. By this way, the center can locate and track the target vehicle promptly.
In recent years, more and more crimes take place in autos frequently, which bring us a lot of troubles, such as overload for the long distance car, the taxi driver’s safe and the private car guard against theft. Therefore, a monitoring system which could not only take a picture but also send this picture to the monitoring center is evoked. In order to meet the requirement, the paper introduces USB video capture technology into embedded vehicle monitoring terminal and puts forward a new solution based on ARM-Linux platform.
Firstly, the paper describes the GPS technology, GPRS wireless network technology, USB interface technology and Linux device driver technology in detail.
Secondly, the paper explains how to carry out the hardware and software design. In the hardware design, as S3C2410X is used as the main processor, it makes much simple to design the interface among the Processor, GPS module, GPRS module, USB video modules, and voice module. In this part, Details are presented about the selection and characteristics of the processor, the orientation module, the communication module and the USB camera. Especially, expound the interface structure and data output format. In the software design, at first, the paper transplants the Linux operating system which supports the USB Host and I2S, as well as the YAFFS file system. Afterwards the paper introduces the software design flow of the image acquisition module, GPS information collection module, and GPRS data transmission module. In order to reduce the quantity of data transmitted by the GPRS network, JPEG compression technology was used to compress static image in the image acquisition module, which could economize the network resources and speed up the image transmission.
Finally, the paper summaries all the works and gives the methods for further improvement.
The embedded vehicle image monitoring terminal which uses GPS/GPRS technology could collect the GPS and picture information about the automobile and send it to the monitoring center. Making use of the information, monitoring center strengthens its supervision ability to track automobile, it could safeguards the Human body and the property safety. The design makes full use of resources on ARM S3C2410X processor and implements vehicle monitoring functions at a low-cost but more conveniently.
论文首先对车载监控相关的GPS定位技术、GPRS无线网络技术、USB接口技术和Linux设备驱动技术做了详细介绍。然后是对车载监控终端软硬件平台方案的设计与实现。硬件方面,由于设计中采用了资源丰富的处理器S3C2410X,使得处理器和GPS模块、GPRS模块、USB视频模块、语音模块的接口设计相对简单。依次详细给出了嵌入式车载监控终端主控制器的选型与特性;定位模块的特性、接口以及数据输出格式;通信模块的特性、结构与接口。软件方面,首先移植了支持USB视频驱动和I2S音频总线的Linux操作系统,移植了可读写的YAFFS文件系统。然后详细介绍了图像采集模块、GPS定位信息采集模块、和GPRS数据传送模块的软件设计流程。为减少GPRS网络传输的数据量,在图像采集模块中采用了JPEG软件压缩编码技术,对静态图像进行压缩编码,较大地节省了网络资源,提高了图片的传输速度。论文的最后总结了所完成的工作,给出了设计的不足之处和有待完善的地方。
基于GPS/GPRS的车载图像监控终端最终可以实现GPS定位数据和图像数据的采集与上传功能。利用这些信息,监控中心可实时跟踪车辆并及时获取车内信息,进一步保障了车内乘客和车辆所有者的人身及财产安全。该终端方案充分利用了S3C2410X处理器资源,方便且实用地实现了低成本的车辆监控功能。
With the rapid development of the embedded-applications and wireless network technology, the embedded vehicle monitoring system which combines the GPS location technology and GPRS wireless communication technology comes into being. Its main function is transmitting the location of the vehicle, time, status, and other real-time information through the wireless network to the remote monitoring center. By this way, the center can locate and track the target vehicle promptly.
In recent years, more and more crimes take place in autos frequently, which bring us a lot of troubles, such as overload for the long distance car, the taxi driver’s safe and the private car guard against theft. Therefore, a monitoring system which could not only take a picture but also send this picture to the monitoring center is evoked. In order to meet the requirement, the paper introduces USB video capture technology into embedded vehicle monitoring terminal and puts forward a new solution based on ARM-Linux platform.
Firstly, the paper describes the GPS technology, GPRS wireless network technology, USB interface technology and Linux device driver technology in detail.
Secondly, the paper explains how to carry out the hardware and software design. In the hardware design, as S3C2410X is used as the main processor, it makes much simple to design the interface among the Processor, GPS module, GPRS module, USB video modules, and voice module. In this part, Details are presented about the selection and characteristics of the processor, the orientation module, the communication module and the USB camera. Especially, expound the interface structure and data output format. In the software design, at first, the paper transplants the Linux operating system which supports the USB Host and I2S, as well as the YAFFS file system. Afterwards the paper introduces the software design flow of the image acquisition module, GPS information collection module, and GPRS data transmission module. In order to reduce the quantity of data transmitted by the GPRS network, JPEG compression technology was used to compress static image in the image acquisition module, which could economize the network resources and speed up the image transmission.
Finally, the paper summaries all the works and gives the methods for further improvement.
The embedded vehicle image monitoring terminal which uses GPS/GPRS technology could collect the GPS and picture information about the automobile and send it to the monitoring center. Making use of the information, monitoring center strengthens its supervision ability to track automobile, it could safeguards the Human body and the property safety. The design makes full use of resources on ARM S3C2410X processor and implements vehicle monitoring functions at a low-cost but more conveniently.
引文
[1] 2006-2007年中国汽车电子行业分析及投资咨询报告[R].中国投资咨询网.2006,10
[2]范学海.嵌入式网络视频监控系统服务器端软件设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2006.
[3]吕斌.基于小波变换图像压缩的汽车视频黑匣子的研制与开发:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2004.
[4]吴朝军,赵霞,蒋涛,等.基于GSM网络的汽车防盗系统.电子世界.2004,(4):55-56
[5]王惠南.GPS导航原理与应用.北京:科学出版社,2003,21-23
[6]李天文.GPS原理及应用.北京:科学出版社,2003,25-27
[7] Elliott D Kaplan.GPS原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[8]张永强,张永健.嵌入式GPS/GPRS车载定位技术研究.仪器仪表学报,2007,(4):68-70
[9]李华.现代移动通讯新技术GRPS系统.广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001,17-24
[10] Bates R J.著.朱洪波译.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,15-17
[11]钟章队,蒋文怡,李红君,等.GPRS通用分组无线业务.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,22-25
[12]文志成.通用无线业务—GPRS.北京:电子工业出版社,2004,22-25
[13] Jan Axelson.USB大全.北京:中国电力出版,2001,18-20
[14] Don Anderson.USB系统体系.北京:中国电力出版,2001,30-32
[15] Alessandro Rubini.Linux设备驱动程序.北京:电力出版社,2001,168-177。
[16]马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧,等.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,37-40
[17] Baker S. GPRS terminal design. Electronic and Engineering Design. 2002,(3):192-195
[18]张三同,陈峰浴,魏衰官.车辆组合导航的新方法.北京理工大学学报,1999,19(1):44-49
[19]吐尔逊江·亚森,常青,梅顺良,等.基于GPRS的智能车辆监控系统的设计与实现.电讯技术,2005,(5):114-117
[20]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,67-71
[21] USER'S MANUAL S3C2410A 200MHz-266MHz 32-Bits RISC Microprocessor Revision 1.0 SAMSUNG Electronics
[22]张弘.USB接口设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版,2002,75-86
[23]张建军,陈志雄,韩江洪,等.Linux平台下串行口全双工通讯的实现.合肥工业大学学报,2003,3(10):165-170
[24] ARM Limited. ARM920T Technical Reference Manual Rev 1. 2001,24~26
[25]北京合众思壮科技有限责任公司技术部.GARMIN GPS OEM产品说明书.
[26] MC35I Cellular Engine Hardware interface description. siemens version.2003
[27] OmniVision Tecnologies, Inc. OV511+Data Sheet.2000.
[28] OmniVision Technologies, Inc. OV7620 Product Specifications Rev.1.3
[29] Linux-Reference Project Team. Cross-Reference Linux. http://lxr.Linux.no/source/
[30] Martin Devera, Floyd S. NAND Boot Loader Source Program (GNU Version). IEEE Communications Magazine,1999,(1):142-150.
[31] D.P. Bovet and M. Cesati. Understanding the Linux Kernel. O'reilly Press,2001,175-180.
[32]张积红,吴强.嵌入式Linux研究及其在ARM上的移植.电脑知识与技术,2005,1(8):120-123
[33]吴军,周转运.嵌入式Linux系统应用起初与开发范例.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007,220-207
[34]汲清波.基于JPEG的图像压缩系统的设计及实现:[工学硕士学位论].黑龙江:哈尔滨工程大学,2003
[35] Wallace, regory K. The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard. Communications of the ACM, 1991,2(34):30-44
[36]张益贞,刘滔.Visual C++实现MPEG/JPEG编解码技术,第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,10-61
[37] David A. Rusling. Linux Program White Paper. O'reilly Press,2000,150-156
[38]马伟.计算机USB系统原理及其主/从机设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,77-89
[39]滔于洁.Linux系统下USB摄像头驱动开发.计算机应用,2004,17(11):8-11
[40] Video4Linux User's Manual http://www.v4l.com.cn
[41] AlanCox.Video4LinuxProgramming.alan@redhat.com.2000
[42]王洁,彭刚,周紫光.基于cmos图像传感器ov5017的图像采集系统设计.微计算机信息,2004,8(04):171-174
[43]张力,阮双深,刘承香,等.CMOS图像传感器用于网络摄像机的设计.微计算机信息2006,17(01):34-38
[44] NMEA0183-stardard for interfacing marine electronic device (version 2.1), National marine electronics association, 1995
[45] Krakiwsky E J. Innovations in Vehicle Tracking and Navigation. GPS World,1994,(1):42-46
[46] (美)[W.R.史蒂文斯]W.Richard Stevens著.TCP/IP详解,卷1:协议.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,120-127
[47]李磊.基于GPS/GPRS的嵌入式车载终端的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].福州,福州大学,2006
[48]高旭巍.车载GPS/GPRS卫星定位系统:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2005
[49]张艳红.基于嵌入式Linux系统PPP协议的实现.信息与通信,2006,17(3):43-46
[50]赵立权.在Linux下实现安全PPP连接.云南师范大学学报,2002,10(03):7-10
[51] Pkone lin, Yi Bing lin. Channel Allocation for GPRS. IEEE Vehicular Technology. 2001,(3): 375-376
[52]高玉民.汽车行驶记录仪的应用现状和发展.中国交通信息产业,2006,(5):138~140
[2]范学海.嵌入式网络视频监控系统服务器端软件设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2006.
[3]吕斌.基于小波变换图像压缩的汽车视频黑匣子的研制与开发:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2004.
[4]吴朝军,赵霞,蒋涛,等.基于GSM网络的汽车防盗系统.电子世界.2004,(4):55-56
[5]王惠南.GPS导航原理与应用.北京:科学出版社,2003,21-23
[6]李天文.GPS原理及应用.北京:科学出版社,2003,25-27
[7] Elliott D Kaplan.GPS原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[8]张永强,张永健.嵌入式GPS/GPRS车载定位技术研究.仪器仪表学报,2007,(4):68-70
[9]李华.现代移动通讯新技术GRPS系统.广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001,17-24
[10] Bates R J.著.朱洪波译.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,15-17
[11]钟章队,蒋文怡,李红君,等.GPRS通用分组无线业务.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,22-25
[12]文志成.通用无线业务—GPRS.北京:电子工业出版社,2004,22-25
[13] Jan Axelson.USB大全.北京:中国电力出版,2001,18-20
[14] Don Anderson.USB系统体系.北京:中国电力出版,2001,30-32
[15] Alessandro Rubini.Linux设备驱动程序.北京:电力出版社,2001,168-177。
[16]马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧,等.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,37-40
[17] Baker S. GPRS terminal design. Electronic and Engineering Design. 2002,(3):192-195
[18]张三同,陈峰浴,魏衰官.车辆组合导航的新方法.北京理工大学学报,1999,19(1):44-49
[19]吐尔逊江·亚森,常青,梅顺良,等.基于GPRS的智能车辆监控系统的设计与实现.电讯技术,2005,(5):114-117
[20]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,67-71
[21] USER'S MANUAL S3C2410A 200MHz-266MHz 32-Bits RISC Microprocessor Revision 1.0 SAMSUNG Electronics
[22]张弘.USB接口设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版,2002,75-86
[23]张建军,陈志雄,韩江洪,等.Linux平台下串行口全双工通讯的实现.合肥工业大学学报,2003,3(10):165-170
[24] ARM Limited. ARM920T Technical Reference Manual Rev 1. 2001,24~26
[25]北京合众思壮科技有限责任公司技术部.GARMIN GPS OEM产品说明书.
[26] MC35I Cellular Engine Hardware interface description. siemens version.2003
[27] OmniVision Tecnologies, Inc. OV511+Data Sheet.2000.
[28] OmniVision Technologies, Inc. OV7620 Product Specifications Rev.1.3
[29] Linux-Reference Project Team. Cross-Reference Linux. http://lxr.Linux.no/source/
[30] Martin Devera, Floyd S. NAND Boot Loader Source Program (GNU Version). IEEE Communications Magazine,1999,(1):142-150.
[31] D.P. Bovet and M. Cesati. Understanding the Linux Kernel. O'reilly Press,2001,175-180.
[32]张积红,吴强.嵌入式Linux研究及其在ARM上的移植.电脑知识与技术,2005,1(8):120-123
[33]吴军,周转运.嵌入式Linux系统应用起初与开发范例.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007,220-207
[34]汲清波.基于JPEG的图像压缩系统的设计及实现:[工学硕士学位论].黑龙江:哈尔滨工程大学,2003
[35] Wallace, regory K. The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard. Communications of the ACM, 1991,2(34):30-44
[36]张益贞,刘滔.Visual C++实现MPEG/JPEG编解码技术,第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,10-61
[37] David A. Rusling. Linux Program White Paper. O'reilly Press,2000,150-156
[38]马伟.计算机USB系统原理及其主/从机设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,77-89
[39]滔于洁.Linux系统下USB摄像头驱动开发.计算机应用,2004,17(11):8-11
[40] Video4Linux User's Manual http://www.v4l.com.cn
[41] AlanCox.Video4LinuxProgramming.alan@redhat.com.2000
[42]王洁,彭刚,周紫光.基于cmos图像传感器ov5017的图像采集系统设计.微计算机信息,2004,8(04):171-174
[43]张力,阮双深,刘承香,等.CMOS图像传感器用于网络摄像机的设计.微计算机信息2006,17(01):34-38
[44] NMEA0183-stardard for interfacing marine electronic device (version 2.1), National marine electronics association, 1995
[45] Krakiwsky E J. Innovations in Vehicle Tracking and Navigation. GPS World,1994,(1):42-46
[46] (美)[W.R.史蒂文斯]W.Richard Stevens著.TCP/IP详解,卷1:协议.北京:机械工业出版社,2000,120-127
[47]李磊.基于GPS/GPRS的嵌入式车载终端的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].福州,福州大学,2006
[48]高旭巍.车载GPS/GPRS卫星定位系统:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2005
[49]张艳红.基于嵌入式Linux系统PPP协议的实现.信息与通信,2006,17(3):43-46
[50]赵立权.在Linux下实现安全PPP连接.云南师范大学学报,2002,10(03):7-10
[51] Pkone lin, Yi Bing lin. Channel Allocation for GPRS. IEEE Vehicular Technology. 2001,(3): 375-376
[52]高玉民.汽车行驶记录仪的应用现状和发展.中国交通信息产业,2006,(5):138~140