基于ARM的嵌入式静态图像显示系统的研究与实现
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
JPEG标准是当前在静态图像编解码领域中应用最为广泛的一种图像编解码技术,被广泛应用于图像的存储和传输。随着嵌入式技术的发展,JPEG图像编解码技术被用到了许多嵌入式系统中,产生了如数码相机、多媒体手机、掌上电脑等许多嵌入式产品。目前JPEG编解码多采用专用集成电路ASIC来实现,这种方法集成度较高,实现起来相对容易,但成本较高,升级拓展困难。一种更加灵活的方案是基于高性能的处理器,如ARM、DSP等,通过采用各种优化算法实现JPEG编解码功能,该方案使系统功能拓展和升级可以通过软件升级来实现,具有高度的灵活性和适应性,而且通过软件来实现系统功能的扩展和升级成本也较硬件升级低。本文的研究题目:“基于ARM的嵌入式静态图像显示系统的研究与实现”,研究了在ARM硬件平台上采用软件编程的方法来实现JPEG图像解码和显示。
     本文首先介绍了JPEG静态图像编码解标准的基本原理,然后基于SAMSUNG公司的ARM处理器S3C4480X设计出用于静态图像解码和显示的硬件平台,并根据该硬件平台设计了相关的引导程序、驱动程序和显示模块的显示程序,为最终实现一个嵌入式的图像处理系统做好了软硬件基础。接着进一步分析和研究了JPEG基本系统的解码过程,JPEG解码过程主要由头文件信息处理、熵解码、反量化、反离散余弦变换和色度空间转换五个部分组成。在对解码过程中运算量最大,耗时最多的反离散余弦变换IDCT部分,结合S3C4480X的特点和反离散余弦变换原理,将二维8×8矩阵的反离散余弦变换运算转换成16次的一维8点反离散余弦变换运算,并对一维8点的反离散余弦变换采用一种快速算法,高效快速地实现了反离散余弦变换。最后实现了基于ARM平台的JPEG静态图像的解码显示系统,并且从S3C4480X的硬件特性和C程序结构方面对解码程序做了的优化。通过从解码的图像质量和速度两个方面进行测试,系统能够达到图像重构的要求和实时解码显示的目标。
JPEG is a kind of image encoding and decoding technique used mostwidely in the still image field to save and transmit the image informationnowadays. With the development of embedded technique, JPEG imageencoding and decoding technique has been used in many embedded systems,accordingly many embedded products appear, such as multimedia digitalcamera, and palmtop computer etc. At present the special integrated circuitASIC is often adopted to implement JPEG image encoding and decoding.The integrated level of this method is high and easy to realize, but its cost ishigh and it is difficult to upgrade and develop. Another more flexiblescheme is based on a high-performance processor such as ARM, DSP and soon, and all kinds of optimization algorithm are used to implement JPEGimage encoding and decoding. The method makes the system upgrading andfunction expanding realized through the software, which has lower cost thanhardware upgrade and has high flexibility and adaptability. The researchtopic of this article is "The Research and Realization of Still Image DisplaySystem Based on ARM" in which based on ARM hardware platform, thesoftware program is adopted to implement JPEG image decoding anddisplay.
     JPEG standard is introduced firstly in the paper then based on ARMprocessor S3C44BOX which come from SAMSUNG, a hardware processingplatform used to finish still image decoding and display has been designed.According to the hardware platform, bottom driver program and displaymodule program have been designed, which provide the software andhardware foundation for realizing the embedded image processing systemfinally. Further analyses and investigations have been done on the decoding process of JPEG Baseline system. The process of JPEG image decoding ismade up of five parts: tag code information processing, entropy decoding,dequantization, inversed discrete cosine transform and color spaceconverter. Because of inversed discrete cosine transform costing the mostquantity of time in the process of decoding, we adopt at row and columnmethod and convert 8×8 two-dimensional inversed discrete cosine transforminto 8 point one-dimensional inversed discrete cosine transform, whichrealizes inversed discrete cosine transform algorithm with high efficiencyand speed. Finally JPEG still image decoding and display processing systemhas been realized based on this hardware platform. In the end the fartheroptimization has been done to the decoding program from the aspects ofhardware characteristic of S3C44B0X and C program structure. Through thetest of decoding result to image quality and speed, the system can reach therequirement of image reconfiguration and the target of real-time decodingand display.
引文
[1] 何斌.VC++数字图像处理(第二版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
    [2] 景小军.图像处理技术及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
    [3] 沈庭芳 方子文.数字图像处理及模式识别[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998.
    [4] 沈兰荪 卓力.小波编码与网络视频传输[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
    [5] JEAN J.LABROSSE著,邵贝贝译.μC/COSII—源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.
    [6] 邹思轶.嵌入式Linux设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
    [7] Ahmed N. Discrete Cosine Transform[J]. IEEE Tran. Computers, 1974, Vol. 23(1) :90~93.
    [8] 技术在线网站新闻.[日经BP社2005年10月17日报道][Z].http://china.nikkeibp.co.jp/china/news/elec/200510/pr_elec200510170120.html
    [9] SOHU网站新闻.[中星微推出Vinno芯片系列产品][Z].http://it.sohu.com/20060328/n242503085.shtml
    [10] 上海三意电机驱动有限公司.DM642图像处理平台[Z].http://www.dspdsp.com/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=907.
    [11] http://www.qjy168.com/shop/disp_provide.php?id=52094.
    [12] 章承科.多核处理器架构的高速JPEG解码算法[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,No.1:44~47.
    [13] 魏璞.JPEG解码算法在多CPU嵌入式系统中的实现及性能优化[D].成都:电子科技大学,2006.
    [14] 罗凤武.基于MCF5275的JPEG解码算法的设计与实现[D].成都:电子科技大学,2003.
    [15] 魏忠义 朱磊.基于DSP的JPEG图像解码算法的实现[J].现代电子技术,2005.Vol2:66~68.
    [16] 金燕波 朗锐 罗发根.利用TMS320C6201 DSP芯片进行图像压缩[J].电子 技术应用,2004,Vol.1:63~66.
    [17] 张浩.基于TMS320DSC21的嵌入式手持图像显示系统的软件设计[D]. 北京:中国农业大学,2005.
    [18] 刘东.用VHDL设计实现JPEG基本系统硬件编码器[D].成都:西南交通大学, 2003.
    [19] 尹伟.基于FPGA的编解码芯片的设计[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004.
    [20] 汪宇飞.JPEG高速编码芯片的设计及性能优化[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006.
    [21] W.B. Pennebaker J.L. Mitchell, JPEG Still Image Data Compression Standard[M]. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1993.
    [22] Tinku Acharya, Ping-Sing Tsai, JPEG2000 STANDARD FOR IMAGE COMPRESSION[M]. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Inc, 2005.
    [23] 胡栋.静止图像编码的基本方法与国际标准[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2003.
    [24] 傅得荣.多媒体技术及其教育应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
    [25] 姜楠 王键.常用多媒体文件格式与压缩标准解析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
    [26] 杨宁.静态影像压缩编码标准JPEG基本模式研究与FPGA实现[D].成都:电子科技大学,2004.
    [27] [日]小野定康 铃木纯司著.叶明译.JPEG/MPEG2技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
    [28] 吴腾奇.视频压缩技术的进展[J].中国有线电视.2001,Vol.16:40~44.
    [29] Osterman. Object-oriented Analysis-synthesis Coding Based on the Source Model of Moving Flexible 3D Objects[J]. IEEE Trans, 1994, Vol. 3:1128~1136.
    [30] 朱秀昌.视频压缩编码的国际标准[J].南京邮电学院学报,1995,Vol. 15(2):16~25.
    [31] 朱磊.基于DSP的JPEG图像编解码器[D].西安:西安工程科技学院,2005.
    [32] 刘涛.网络时代的图像数据压缩研究—JPEG和JP2000格式的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
    [33] 苏艳玲.基于DSP的图像编码与实现[D].北京:北方工业大学,2005.
    [34] Cheng-Tie Chen. Video compression:Standards and Applications[J]. Journsl Communication and Image entation, 1993, Vol. 4(2):103-111.
    [35] Dayid Katz,Rick Gentile.JPEG(baselint)压缩综述[J].电子与电脑,2007, 每月特刊(1—2):23~27.
    [36] 汲清波.基于JPEG的图像压缩系统的设计及实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2004.
    [37] Samsung Electronics User's Manual: S3C44BOX 32BitRISC Microprocessor[Z].2003.
    [38] 贾智平 张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
    [39] Sharp Microelectronic User's Manual LMTM632 Passive Matrix LCD Module[Z].1998.
    [40] Philips Semiconductors. PDIUSB12_data.pdf[Z]. Http://www.philips.com.
    [41] 吴明晖等.基于ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
    [42] 孙昊 曹玉强 杜秀芳.ARM处理器启动代码的分析与编程[J].工业控制计算机,2005,Vol.18(11):54~55.
    [43] 李岩 荣盘祥.基于S3C44BOX嵌入式μ CLinux系统原理及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
    [44] 蔡士杰.连续色调静止图像的压缩与编码(第一版)[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1995.
    [45] 魏鸿铭.频域视觉景深量测与自走车路径规划之分析设计[D].台湾:朝阳科技大学资讯工程系,2003.
    [46] 姚庆栋 毕厚杰 王兆华.图像编码基础[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1993.
    [47] W.H. Chen, C. H. Smith and S. C. Fralick. Afast computational algorithm for thediscrete cosine transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1977, vol. COM—25(9):1004-1009.
    [48] B. G Lee. A new algorithm to compute the discrete cosine transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Algorithms Speech and Signal Processing. 1984, vol. ASSP-32(6):1341-1344.
    [49] 陈禾 毛志刚 叶以正.DCT快速算法及其VLSI实现[J].信号处理,1998,Vol.14:62~70.
    [50] Fernando Rereira. MPEG-4:why, what, how, and when[J].Signal Processing: Image Communication, 2000 No. 15: 271~279.
    [51] Tran T D. The BinDCT: Fast Multiplierless Approximation of the DCT[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2000, 7(6): 141~144.
    [52] 赵耀 季文铎 袁保宗.一种基于矩阵分解的DCT快速算法[J].北方交通大学学报,1994.18(2):182~189.
    [53] P. Duhamel, C. Guillemot. Polynomial transform computation of the 2-D DCT[J].Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1990, Vol. 3:1515~1518.
    [54] 魏本杰 刘明业 章晓莉.适用于嵌入式系统的二维DCT算法[J].计算机应用,2005,Vol.25(4):772~774.
    [55] 杜相文 陈贺新 赵岩.基于查表的无乘法DCT快速算法[J].计算机工程,2004, Vol.30(20):159~160.
    [56] Arai Y, Agui T, Nakajima M. A fast DCT-SQ scheme for images[J].Transations of the IEICE, 1988, Vol. 71(11): 1095~1097.
    [57] 金丽 包志华 陈海进.嵌入式系统的C程序优化设计方法[J].南通大学学报, 2006,Vol.5(3):61~63.
    [58] 费浙平.基于ARM的嵌入式系统程序开发要点(六)[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,Vol.1:84~86.
    [59] 杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
    [60] 田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
    [61] 李红蕾 凌捷 徐少强.关于图象质量评价指标PSNR的注记[J].广东工业大学学报,2004,Vol.213:74~78.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700