基于内特性分析的液力变矩器效率研究
摘要
在汽车制造、矿山机械、化工、工程机械、冶金、石油、军工等领域液力变矩器以其独特的优越性得到了广泛应用。
最简单的液力变矩器是由泵轮、涡轮及导轮组成。泵轮、涡轮、导轮称工作轮。由发动机驱动泵轮使液体在流道里流动,把机械能转换成液体能(主要是动能,其次为压能),获得了液体能的液体由泵轮出口高速进入涡轮的入口和流道,再由涡轮出口流出。在此过程中液体把能量传递给涡轮,使涡轮输出力矩,带动负载,并且它输出的力矩和转速可随负载变化自动地作相应的变化。由涡轮流出的液体(此时能量较低)再流入与机架固定在一起不转动的导轮,经导轮变换液流方向后又流入泵轮。液力变矩器的泵轮、涡轮、导轮的叶片形状是十分重要的,对液力变矩器的内部特性、外部特性以及对其传动效率起到了至关重要的作用。故需要分析不同工况下液力变矩器的内部流场特性,找出影响其效率的主要因素。本文取主要的三个工况对液力变矩器进行计算。三个工况分别为在启动工况下(即传动比为0),中间工况(即传动比为0.4),最高效率工况(即传动比为0.8),结合通过公式计算得出的泵轮进口速度值,通过CFD软件计算出泵轮流道的出口压力,利用速度进口和压力出口条件分别对三个工作轮进行流场仿真,通过仿真内部流场的速度矢量图和压力云图分析其内部流场,分析影响液力变矩器效率的主要因素所在。
利用流体力学的基本理论,对液力变矩器的性能进行分析,推导基本计算关系式。利用三维建模软件pro/e对液力变矩器整体建立模型,以及三个工作轮的流道分别进行建模,将建立的流道模型通过fluent软件来进行其内部流场的仿真分析。
By the unique superiority of Torque Converter at Automobile manufacture, Engineering machinery, Mining machinery, Petroleum, Chemical industry, Metallurgy, War industry obtained the widespread application.
The simplest torque converter is consisted of pump wheel, Turbineand Guide pulley. Pump wheel, Turbine, and Guide pulley is called work round. By the engine-driven pump wheel so that the liquid flow in the flow. The mechanical energy can be converted into liquid(Mainly kinetic energy, followed by pressure energy), the liquid which obtain liquid energy from the export of high-speed into the turbine pump round the entrance and the flow.,out by the turbine exit. In this process,the energy transfer to the turbine.turbine output torque.Driven load, and its output torque and speed can change automatically as the load changes accordingly. The liquid from the turbine. (At this point energy is lower), then into the non-rotating guide wheel which together with the rack, flow direction by the guide pulley and later transform into the pump wheel. The import and export point of pump wheel, turbine, guide pulley of Torque converter is very important. The internal characteristics of the torque converter. External characteristics and efficiency of its transmission has played a crucial role. Therefore, different conditions needed to be analyzed in the internal torque converter flow field,.Identify the main factors affecting its efficiency. In this passage, three main conditions of the torque converter is calculated. Three conditions are the start condition(transmission ratio is 0), intermediate condition (transmission ratio is 0.4), the most efficient condition (transmission ratio is 0.8). Formula is calculated by combining the pump wheel speed value of imports calculated,the export of impeller pressure is calculated by CFD software, using the pressure conditions of exports and the velocity of imports.to simulate the three working round the flow field Respectively.Through the simulation of velocity vector and pressure cloud of the internal flow field to analysis the internal flow field. Analysis on the efficiency of hydraulic torque converter where the main factors is.
Using the basic theory of fluid mechanics, analysis the performance of the torque converter. Derive the basic calculation d relationship. Using 3D modeling software pro/e on the whole torque converter modeling. And three rounds of the flow of work to model respectively. Channel model will be built by fluent software for its internal flow simulation.
最简单的液力变矩器是由泵轮、涡轮及导轮组成。泵轮、涡轮、导轮称工作轮。由发动机驱动泵轮使液体在流道里流动,把机械能转换成液体能(主要是动能,其次为压能),获得了液体能的液体由泵轮出口高速进入涡轮的入口和流道,再由涡轮出口流出。在此过程中液体把能量传递给涡轮,使涡轮输出力矩,带动负载,并且它输出的力矩和转速可随负载变化自动地作相应的变化。由涡轮流出的液体(此时能量较低)再流入与机架固定在一起不转动的导轮,经导轮变换液流方向后又流入泵轮。液力变矩器的泵轮、涡轮、导轮的叶片形状是十分重要的,对液力变矩器的内部特性、外部特性以及对其传动效率起到了至关重要的作用。故需要分析不同工况下液力变矩器的内部流场特性,找出影响其效率的主要因素。本文取主要的三个工况对液力变矩器进行计算。三个工况分别为在启动工况下(即传动比为0),中间工况(即传动比为0.4),最高效率工况(即传动比为0.8),结合通过公式计算得出的泵轮进口速度值,通过CFD软件计算出泵轮流道的出口压力,利用速度进口和压力出口条件分别对三个工作轮进行流场仿真,通过仿真内部流场的速度矢量图和压力云图分析其内部流场,分析影响液力变矩器效率的主要因素所在。
利用流体力学的基本理论,对液力变矩器的性能进行分析,推导基本计算关系式。利用三维建模软件pro/e对液力变矩器整体建立模型,以及三个工作轮的流道分别进行建模,将建立的流道模型通过fluent软件来进行其内部流场的仿真分析。
By the unique superiority of Torque Converter at Automobile manufacture, Engineering machinery, Mining machinery, Petroleum, Chemical industry, Metallurgy, War industry obtained the widespread application.
The simplest torque converter is consisted of pump wheel, Turbineand Guide pulley. Pump wheel, Turbine, and Guide pulley is called work round. By the engine-driven pump wheel so that the liquid flow in the flow. The mechanical energy can be converted into liquid(Mainly kinetic energy, followed by pressure energy), the liquid which obtain liquid energy from the export of high-speed into the turbine pump round the entrance and the flow.,out by the turbine exit. In this process,the energy transfer to the turbine.turbine output torque.Driven load, and its output torque and speed can change automatically as the load changes accordingly. The liquid from the turbine. (At this point energy is lower), then into the non-rotating guide wheel which together with the rack, flow direction by the guide pulley and later transform into the pump wheel. The import and export point of pump wheel, turbine, guide pulley of Torque converter is very important. The internal characteristics of the torque converter. External characteristics and efficiency of its transmission has played a crucial role. Therefore, different conditions needed to be analyzed in the internal torque converter flow field,.Identify the main factors affecting its efficiency. In this passage, three main conditions of the torque converter is calculated. Three conditions are the start condition(transmission ratio is 0), intermediate condition (transmission ratio is 0.4), the most efficient condition (transmission ratio is 0.8). Formula is calculated by combining the pump wheel speed value of imports calculated,the export of impeller pressure is calculated by CFD software, using the pressure conditions of exports and the velocity of imports.to simulate the three working round the flow field Respectively.Through the simulation of velocity vector and pressure cloud of the internal flow field to analysis the internal flow field. Analysis on the efficiency of hydraulic torque converter where the main factors is.
Using the basic theory of fluid mechanics, analysis the performance of the torque converter. Derive the basic calculation d relationship. Using 3D modeling software pro/e on the whole torque converter modeling. And three rounds of the flow of work to model respectively. Channel model will be built by fluent software for its internal flow simulation.
引文
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[2]赵静一、王巍.液力传动.北京：机械工业出版社,2007
[3]朱经昌.车辆液力传动上册.第一版.北京：国防工业出版,1982
[4]朱经昌.车辆液力传动下册.第一版.北京：国防工业出版,1983
[5]朱经昌.液力变矩器的设计与计算.北京：国防工业出版,1991
[6]马文星.液力传动理论与设计.北京：化学工程出版社,2004
[7]罗邦杰.液力机械传动.北京：交通出版社,1983
[8]李仁年、陆初觉.工程流体力学.北京：机械工业出版社,2000
[9]《机械设计手册》编委会.机械设计手册.液力传动第四版.北京：机械工业出版社,2007
[10]一机部天津工程机械研究所主编.机械工程手册.第35篇.液力传动.北京：机械工业出版社,1980
[11]关醒凡.《现代泵技术手册》.北京：机械工业出版社,1995
[12][苏]N.A.比尔乐尔.机械零件强度计算手册.北京：机械工业出版社,1987
[13]机械工程手册电机工程手册编辑委员会编.机械工程手册：机械零部件设计卷.北
京：机械工业出版社,1996
[14]机械设计课程设计手册.吴宗泽、罗圣国主编.北京：高等教育出版社,1999
[15]Yakhot V.,Orszag S.A.Renomalization group analysis of turbulenceJournal of Scientific Computing,1986,1(1):3～5.
[16]BRUCEB F,THOMAS S K.Technology advances in the design and manufacture of phenolic torque converter reactors[J].SAE 2002-01-0602
[17]RYDBERG K E.Concepts and development trends for efficiency improvement of hydrostatics in mobile applications[J].SAE 2002-01-1422
[18]DONG Y,VAMSHI K,PRADEEP A,et al.Torque converter CFD engineering part l:torque ratio and K factor improvement through stator modifications[J].SAE 2002-01-0883
[19]SHINS,CHANG H,MAHESH A.Numerical investigation of the pump flow in an automotive torque converter[J].SAE 1999-01-1056
[20]Li Chun, Su Jin, Ni Jianhua, Zhou Xin. A New Design Model of 3D Twisted Blade of Centrifugal Pump.P roceedings of the Fourth In ternational Confeernce on Pump sand Fans,Beijing,China,Aug,2002
[21]Tom Shieh, Chin-Yuan Perng and Derlon Chu. Converter Analytical Program for Blade Design Process,SAE Paper,2000
[22]关醒凡,泵的原理及设计,机械工业出版社,1986
[23]陶文拴,数值传热学,西安交通大学出版社,1988
[24]忻孝康,朱士灿,蒋锦良,叶轮机械三元流动与准正交面法,复旦大学出版社,1988
[25]李人厚,张平安,精通MATLAB综合辅导与指南,西安交通大学出版社,1998
[26]李胡锡,姜红,MATLAB循序渐进,上海交通大学出版社,1997
[27]刘冀察,液力变矩器的计算机辅助设计,中国液气密协会液力分会液力变矩器专业委员会年会交流文件,天津工程机械研究所,1998.7
[28]闰清东,项昌乐,冯永存,液力变矩器的计算机辅助设计与制造,液力变矩器专业委员会98年年会交流论文,北京理工大学车辆工程学院,1998.9
[29]刘冀察,液力变矩器叶栅系统设计的CAD方法,工程机械,1992(11),28-31
[30]北方交通大学主编,内燃机车液力传动,中国铁道出版社,1980
[31]朱经昌,闰清东,液力变矩器循环圆的计算机辅助设计,建筑机械,1991(1),40-43
[32]李庆扬,王能超,易大义,数值分析,华中工学院出版社,1982
[33]马文星,液力变矩器三维流动计算—流线曲率法,建筑机械,1991(1),28-32
[34]天津工程机械研究所主编,液力传动译文集,《国外工程机械》编辑部,1981
[35]罗邦杰,马文星,液力变矩器设计计算方法的现状及其发展的预测,汽车工程,1989(4)
[36]齐治昌,数值分析及其应用(第二版),国防科技大学出版社,1996
[37]朱自强,吴子牛,李津等,应用计算流体力学,北京航空航天大学出版社,1998
[38]王刚,赵万生,狄士春.扭曲叶片CAD造型方法的研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,1999,31(5)：94--98
[39]汤宏群,苏广才.基于Pro/E的复杂曲面分模面构建方法研究.机械研究与应用,2004,17(1)：80.81
[40]张涛,关醒凡.使用Pro/E的诱导轮叶片三维设计.水泵技术,2003,5:19-23
[41]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2004,1-308
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