图形交互式数控编程软件的开发与研究
摘要
许多国内外流行的优秀CAD／CAM软件都声称其曲线、曲面模型建立在NURBS(非均匀有理B样条)理论和方法的基础上。但如何应用这种理论和方法进行软件设计，在系统中实现CAD功能，由于知识产权保护的缘故，没有公开，所以查不到有关这方面的技术文献。在这种情况下，为了开发适用于我国中小企业的图形交互式数控编程软件，本文基于已有的NURBS方法对自由曲线、曲面与初等解析曲线、曲面(如直线、圆锥曲线、二次曲面、旋转曲面等)的统一数学描述理论，模索出这一理论在CAD／CAM软件开发中的实际应用方法，并采用OpenGL技术和VC++6.0语言，开发了二维图形CAD基本功能模块，包括基本绘图功能、图形编辑功能、辅助绘图功能等。采用交互式控制DOF对NURBS曲线、曲面的设计与修型和通过移动曲线曲面上的控制点对B样条曲线和贝塞尔曲面的交互式直接修型两种方法，开发了曲线、曲面CAD模块；
本文还对数控编程软件开发中外轮廓加工的数控代码生成和代码文本文件输出进行了初步的研究与开发。
Modern CAD systems widely adopt NURBS(non-uniform rational B-spline) as the main modeling entity because they can represent other commonly used parametric curves and surfaces, while also being able to precisely present the natural quadric shapes such as cones and cylinders. Because of the protection of intellectual property, no references about the application to commercial CAD systems based on the method can be found. In this case, in order to develop a NC programming software applicable to the small business enterprise in our country, a method applied in a CAD/CAM system based on a unified mathematical form NURBS offered is proposed in the thesis. Besides, based on OpenGL graphics packages and Visual C++ programming language, two-dimensional drawing module, which includes two-dimensional drafting, edit function and aid drawing function etc., is developed in the software. Until now, all interactive design schemes proposed can be classified into two categories. One is the control point based method, which ma
nipulates curves and surfaces by controlling the DOF (degrees of freedom) defining them. And the other is the so-called direct manipulation method. According to this method, selected points on a curve or a surface are moved to new user-defined locations. In the curve and surface modules of this system B-splines curves and Bezier surfaces are manipulated by moving their control points to new user defined locations. And for NURBS curves, the extra degree of freedom called weights is used to manipulate the shape of
curves or surfaces.
In the thesis, the preliminary research and development are made in the generation of NC codes for outline machining and output of NC codes text file.
本文还对数控编程软件开发中外轮廓加工的数控代码生成和代码文本文件输出进行了初步的研究与开发。
Modern CAD systems widely adopt NURBS(non-uniform rational B-spline) as the main modeling entity because they can represent other commonly used parametric curves and surfaces, while also being able to precisely present the natural quadric shapes such as cones and cylinders. Because of the protection of intellectual property, no references about the application to commercial CAD systems based on the method can be found. In this case, in order to develop a NC programming software applicable to the small business enterprise in our country, a method applied in a CAD/CAM system based on a unified mathematical form NURBS offered is proposed in the thesis. Besides, based on OpenGL graphics packages and Visual C++ programming language, two-dimensional drawing module, which includes two-dimensional drafting, edit function and aid drawing function etc., is developed in the software. Until now, all interactive design schemes proposed can be classified into two categories. One is the control point based method, which ma
nipulates curves and surfaces by controlling the DOF (degrees of freedom) defining them. And the other is the so-called direct manipulation method. According to this method, selected points on a curve or a surface are moved to new user-defined locations. In the curve and surface modules of this system B-splines curves and Bezier surfaces are manipulated by moving their control points to new user defined locations. And for NURBS curves, the extra degree of freedom called weights is used to manipulate the shape of
curves or surfaces.
In the thesis, the preliminary research and development are made in the generation of NC codes for outline machining and output of NC codes text file.
引文
[1] 刘雄伟，张定华，王增强等编著．数控加工理论与编程技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．3
[2] Donald Hearn & M.Pauline Baker .Computer Graphics. U.S.A.:Prentice Hall ,1994
[3] 李晓远，贾滇昆，郭庆民编著．Visual C++多媒体特效制作百例．北京：中国电力出版社，2001．5
[4] John R. Hubbard. Data Structures With C++.北京：机械工业出版社，2002.8
[5] 关履泰，罗笑南，黎罗罗等编著．计算机辅助几何图形设计．北京：高等教育出版社；海德堡：施普林格出版社，1999．8
[6] 施法中编著．计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条(CAGD&NURBS)．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1994．2
[7] 冯勇，霍勇进编著．现代计算机数控系统．北京：机械工业出版社，1996
[8] 王勇章等编著．机床的数字控制技术．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1995．7
[9] 费广正，乔林编著．VisualC++6.0高级编程技术．OpenGL篇．北京：中国铁道出版社，2000．9
[10] 周济，周艳红编著．数控加工技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．1
[11] 李颖，薛海斌，朱伯立等编著，OpenGL函数与范例解析手册．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．1
[12] Richard C.Leineck & Tom Archer. Visual C++6 Bible．北京：电子工业出版社，1993．3
[13] 侯俊杰著．深入浅出MFC．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2001．1
[14] 郑人杰，殷人昆，陶永雷等．实用软件工程．清华大学出版社，1997．4
[15] 韩明，孔亚洲，董炀斌等著．圆弧曲线的二次NURBS表示方法研究．华中科技大学学报，2001．12，第29卷第12期，37-39
[16] 秦开怀，关右江等著。圆弧曲线的三次NURBS表示．计算机学报，1995．2，第十八卷第二期，146-152
[17] 施法中．各种角度圆弧的二次NURBS表示．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，No．4，1994
[18] Piegl L. A CAGD theme: geometric continuity and shape parameters. CAD, 19,10,1987
[19] 韩振国．基于CAD/CAM系统的电火花铣削加工的研究，[学位论文]．大连理工大学2000．3
[20] 庞宏岩．客车冲裁模CAD系统，[学位论文]．大连理工大学，2002．3
[21] 叶伯生，扬叔子．CNC系统中三次B样条曲线的高速插补方法研究．中国机械工程1998年第9卷第3期42-43
[22] 吴光琳，林建平，李从心．B样条曲线的快速实时插补算法．模具工业2000．No．10 14-16
[23] 李浙昆，樊瑜瑾，扬晓京．二维刀具轨迹设计的优化与应用．机械工艺师，1999．8 6-7
[24] 平雪良，沈建新．二维轮廓刀具轨迹自动编程算法的实现．机电工程，1997第二期27-28
[25] Yoshimasa Tokuyama&Seockhoon Bae. An approximate method for generating draft on a free-form surface, the Visual Computer, (1999)15:1-8
[26] Chi-Kit Au & Matthew M F Yuen. Unified approach to NURNS curve shape modification. Computer-Aided Design, Vol.27, No.2. pp.85-93 1995
[27] LAZHU WANG, XINXIONG ZHU, ZESHENG TANG Coons Type Blended B-Spline (CNSBS) Surface and Its Conversion To NURBS Surface Comput.&Graphics, Vol.21, No.3, pp.297-303, 1997
[28] Tzu Yi Yu & Bharat K Soni. Application of NURBS in numerical grid generation Computer-Aided Design,Vol.27, No.2, pp.147-157,1995
[29] Qivi G.Zhang,R.Bryan Green Way. Development and implementation of a NURBS curve motion interpolator. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 14 (1998)27-36
[30] Richard D Fuhr, Lwo Hsieh&Michael Kallay. Object-oriented paradigm for NURBS curve and surface design. Computer-Aided Design, Vol.27.No.2,pp.95-100,1995
[31] Les A.Piegl,Wayne Tiller. Computing offsets of NURBS curves and surfaces. Computer-Aided Design ,31(1999)147-156
[32] M.-Y. Cheng,M.-C.Tsai,J.-C.Kuo. Real-time NURBS command generators for CNC servo controllers. International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture, 42(2002) 801-813
[33] Seok-Hyung Bae,Byoung K.Choi .NURBS surface fitting using orthogonal coordinate transform for rapid product development. Computer-Aided Design, 34(2002)683-690
[34] 谢叻，周来水，周儒荣．二维轮廓加工刀具轨迹生成的一种新方法．机械设计与研究1998No．4 61-62
[35] 钱能编著．C++程序设计教程．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[36] David J.Kruglinski编著．VisualC++技术内幕．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[37] I.D.FAUX M.J.PRATT编著．设计与制造中的计算几何学．北京：国防工业出版社，1986
[38] 孙家广等编著．计算机辅助几何造型技术．北京：清华大学出版社，1990
[39] 殷人昆等编著．数据结构．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[40] 苏步清，刘鼎元编著．计算几何．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1981
[41] Jinn-Jong Sheu. A three-dimensional CAD/CAM/CAE integration system of sculpture surface die for hollow cold extrusion. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 39(1999) 33-53
[42] Hajime Yamashina, Kiyoshi Fukushima and Atsuo Saijo. CAD for free-form surfaces Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Vol.9. 8.1996
[43] Zhang weishan, Xiong Shoumei, Liu Baicheng. Study on a CAD/CAE System of Die Casting. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 63(1997)
[44] V. Srinivasan, G.W. Fischer. Direct Interface Integration of CAD and CAM Software-A Milling Application. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 61 (1996)
[45] S.B. Park, Y. Choi, B.M. Kim, J.C. Choi. A CAD/CAM system for deep drawing dies in a simple-action press. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 87 (1999).
[46] 王向锋．三维包装CAD系统渲染功能的研究与实现，[学位论文]．西安：西安理工大学，2001．3
[2] Donald Hearn & M.Pauline Baker .Computer Graphics. U.S.A.:Prentice Hall ,1994
[3] 李晓远，贾滇昆，郭庆民编著．Visual C++多媒体特效制作百例．北京：中国电力出版社，2001．5
[4] John R. Hubbard. Data Structures With C++.北京：机械工业出版社，2002.8
[5] 关履泰，罗笑南，黎罗罗等编著．计算机辅助几何图形设计．北京：高等教育出版社；海德堡：施普林格出版社，1999．8
[6] 施法中编著．计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条(CAGD&NURBS)．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1994．2
[7] 冯勇，霍勇进编著．现代计算机数控系统．北京：机械工业出版社，1996
[8] 王勇章等编著．机床的数字控制技术．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1995．7
[9] 费广正，乔林编著．VisualC++6.0高级编程技术．OpenGL篇．北京：中国铁道出版社，2000．9
[10] 周济，周艳红编著．数控加工技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．1
[11] 李颖，薛海斌，朱伯立等编著，OpenGL函数与范例解析手册．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．1
[12] Richard C.Leineck & Tom Archer. Visual C++6 Bible．北京：电子工业出版社，1993．3
[13] 侯俊杰著．深入浅出MFC．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2001．1
[14] 郑人杰，殷人昆，陶永雷等．实用软件工程．清华大学出版社，1997．4
[15] 韩明，孔亚洲，董炀斌等著．圆弧曲线的二次NURBS表示方法研究．华中科技大学学报，2001．12，第29卷第12期，37-39
[16] 秦开怀，关右江等著。圆弧曲线的三次NURBS表示．计算机学报，1995．2，第十八卷第二期，146-152
[17] 施法中．各种角度圆弧的二次NURBS表示．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，No．4，1994
[18] Piegl L. A CAGD theme: geometric continuity and shape parameters. CAD, 19,10,1987
[19] 韩振国．基于CAD/CAM系统的电火花铣削加工的研究，[学位论文]．大连理工大学2000．3
[20] 庞宏岩．客车冲裁模CAD系统，[学位论文]．大连理工大学，2002．3
[21] 叶伯生，扬叔子．CNC系统中三次B样条曲线的高速插补方法研究．中国机械工程1998年第9卷第3期42-43
[22] 吴光琳，林建平，李从心．B样条曲线的快速实时插补算法．模具工业2000．No．10 14-16
[23] 李浙昆，樊瑜瑾，扬晓京．二维刀具轨迹设计的优化与应用．机械工艺师，1999．8 6-7
[24] 平雪良，沈建新．二维轮廓刀具轨迹自动编程算法的实现．机电工程，1997第二期27-28
[25] Yoshimasa Tokuyama&Seockhoon Bae. An approximate method for generating draft on a free-form surface, the Visual Computer, (1999)15:1-8
[26] Chi-Kit Au & Matthew M F Yuen. Unified approach to NURNS curve shape modification. Computer-Aided Design, Vol.27, No.2. pp.85-93 1995
[27] LAZHU WANG, XINXIONG ZHU, ZESHENG TANG Coons Type Blended B-Spline (CNSBS) Surface and Its Conversion To NURBS Surface Comput.&Graphics, Vol.21, No.3, pp.297-303, 1997
[28] Tzu Yi Yu & Bharat K Soni. Application of NURBS in numerical grid generation Computer-Aided Design,Vol.27, No.2, pp.147-157,1995
[29] Qivi G.Zhang,R.Bryan Green Way. Development and implementation of a NURBS curve motion interpolator. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 14 (1998)27-36
[30] Richard D Fuhr, Lwo Hsieh&Michael Kallay. Object-oriented paradigm for NURBS curve and surface design. Computer-Aided Design, Vol.27.No.2,pp.95-100,1995
[31] Les A.Piegl,Wayne Tiller. Computing offsets of NURBS curves and surfaces. Computer-Aided Design ,31(1999)147-156
[32] M.-Y. Cheng,M.-C.Tsai,J.-C.Kuo. Real-time NURBS command generators for CNC servo controllers. International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture, 42(2002) 801-813
[33] Seok-Hyung Bae,Byoung K.Choi .NURBS surface fitting using orthogonal coordinate transform for rapid product development. Computer-Aided Design, 34(2002)683-690
[34] 谢叻，周来水，周儒荣．二维轮廓加工刀具轨迹生成的一种新方法．机械设计与研究1998No．4 61-62
[35] 钱能编著．C++程序设计教程．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[36] David J.Kruglinski编著．VisualC++技术内幕．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[37] I.D.FAUX M.J.PRATT编著．设计与制造中的计算几何学．北京：国防工业出版社，1986
[38] 孙家广等编著．计算机辅助几何造型技术．北京：清华大学出版社，1990
[39] 殷人昆等编著．数据结构．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[40] 苏步清，刘鼎元编著．计算几何．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1981
[41] Jinn-Jong Sheu. A three-dimensional CAD/CAM/CAE integration system of sculpture surface die for hollow cold extrusion. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 39(1999) 33-53
[42] Hajime Yamashina, Kiyoshi Fukushima and Atsuo Saijo. CAD for free-form surfaces Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Vol.9. 8.1996
[43] Zhang weishan, Xiong Shoumei, Liu Baicheng. Study on a CAD/CAE System of Die Casting. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 63(1997)
[44] V. Srinivasan, G.W. Fischer. Direct Interface Integration of CAD and CAM Software-A Milling Application. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 61 (1996)
[45] S.B. Park, Y. Choi, B.M. Kim, J.C. Choi. A CAD/CAM system for deep drawing dies in a simple-action press. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 87 (1999).
[46] 王向锋．三维包装CAD系统渲染功能的研究与实现，[学位论文]．西安：西安理工大学，2001．3