大城市形态的优化
摘要
长春作为吉林省首位型城市在经历了数十年的城市蔓延发展过程后,形成了典型的“摊大饼”式的城市格局。这使得商业、办公、行政、交通等城市职能过于集中于市中心,而外围县域基本上还是农业县,其经济发展规模之小与中心城市形成了鲜明的对比。长春市没有很好地发挥出带动外围地域城镇发展的作用,大量的资金、项目、人力仍涌向中心市,其中不乏存在政策上的导向等主观因素。随着城市范围内的不断扩张,产业、人口的不断集聚,必然导致城市环境的不断恶化,交通拥挤状况日益突出等大城市问题,而国外的城市形态模式也并不是一成不变,多样化的模式给了中国的大城市以一定的启迪。那么如何处理好核心与外围,集聚与分散的关系;优化大城市结构;加强大城市与外围地域互动以及如何带动长春市周边县域经济发展将是本文探讨的重点。
基于此,本文综合运用城市地理学、经济地理学、区域经济地理学和社会学等相关学科的理论和方法,对长春市这一具体地域的空间形态发展演变过程及其存在的问题进行探讨。
本论文主要由三部分组成:
第一部分,明确城市形态的概念和内涵及研究的理论基础,对国内外城市形态理论与发展模式进行梳理,以便为长春市的空间形态提供借鉴。
第二部分,介绍长春市城市空间形态演变过程,并以长春市为例总结我国大城市形态的特征和问题及其导致诸多问题的原因。
第三部分,通过上述分析给出优化长春市城市形态的途径。
As the primate city of Ji Lin Province, Changchun has experienced city spreading development process after some dozens of years, now has formed the typical city pattern“spreading out the big cake”. It makes the city function, such as commerce, handle official business, administration, traffic and so on, too much being assembled in the center of the city, but the periphery county area is the basically argricultural county, the economical development scale of which is too small, forming a sharp contrast to the key city. Changchun has not displayed the function of leading the periphery region, cities and towns well, and the massive funds, items as well as manpower are pouring into the key city. There are no lack of some subjective factors, such as the guidance of the policy and so on. Along with the city scope unceasing expanding and gathering of industry as well as the manpower, it will inevitably causes some large city problems, such as the worsening environment and prominent of the traffic block day by day, but the overseas city morphology pattern is certainly not invariable also, meanwhile the diverse pattern has given certain inspirations to the large cities in china. In that way, how to deal with the relationship between core and periphery, gathering and dispersing, and how to optimize the large city structure, strengthen the interaction between the large city and periphery region as well as how to lead the development of Changchun’s surrounding county area will be the key points of this thesis.
Based on this, this thesis synthetically uses some theories and methods of relative subjects, such as urban geography, economic geography, reginal economic geography , social geography and so on, furthermore, this paper has also discussed the evolution process of Changchun’s concrete regional spatial morphology, and the problem of it.
This thesis is mainly composed by three parts:
The first part, make the concept and connotation of city morphology as well as the theory foundation of the research clear and put in order the domestic and external city morphology theory and development pattern.
The second part, introduce the urban spatial morphology evolution process of Changchun, take Changchun for example to summarize the characteristic and problems of our country’s large city morphology as well as the reasons which lead to this.
The third part, give the methods of optimizing the Changchun’s city morphology through anylysing.
基于此,本文综合运用城市地理学、经济地理学、区域经济地理学和社会学等相关学科的理论和方法,对长春市这一具体地域的空间形态发展演变过程及其存在的问题进行探讨。
本论文主要由三部分组成:
第一部分,明确城市形态的概念和内涵及研究的理论基础,对国内外城市形态理论与发展模式进行梳理,以便为长春市的空间形态提供借鉴。
第二部分,介绍长春市城市空间形态演变过程,并以长春市为例总结我国大城市形态的特征和问题及其导致诸多问题的原因。
第三部分,通过上述分析给出优化长春市城市形态的途径。
As the primate city of Ji Lin Province, Changchun has experienced city spreading development process after some dozens of years, now has formed the typical city pattern“spreading out the big cake”. It makes the city function, such as commerce, handle official business, administration, traffic and so on, too much being assembled in the center of the city, but the periphery county area is the basically argricultural county, the economical development scale of which is too small, forming a sharp contrast to the key city. Changchun has not displayed the function of leading the periphery region, cities and towns well, and the massive funds, items as well as manpower are pouring into the key city. There are no lack of some subjective factors, such as the guidance of the policy and so on. Along with the city scope unceasing expanding and gathering of industry as well as the manpower, it will inevitably causes some large city problems, such as the worsening environment and prominent of the traffic block day by day, but the overseas city morphology pattern is certainly not invariable also, meanwhile the diverse pattern has given certain inspirations to the large cities in china. In that way, how to deal with the relationship between core and periphery, gathering and dispersing, and how to optimize the large city structure, strengthen the interaction between the large city and periphery region as well as how to lead the development of Changchun’s surrounding county area will be the key points of this thesis.
Based on this, this thesis synthetically uses some theories and methods of relative subjects, such as urban geography, economic geography, reginal economic geography , social geography and so on, furthermore, this paper has also discussed the evolution process of Changchun’s concrete regional spatial morphology, and the problem of it.
This thesis is mainly composed by three parts:
The first part, make the concept and connotation of city morphology as well as the theory foundation of the research clear and put in order the domestic and external city morphology theory and development pattern.
The second part, introduce the urban spatial morphology evolution process of Changchun, take Changchun for example to summarize the characteristic and problems of our country’s large city morphology as well as the reasons which lead to this.
The third part, give the methods of optimizing the Changchun’s city morphology through anylysing.
引文
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[5] 郑莘,林琳.1990 年以来国内城市形态研究评述[J].城市规划,2002,26(7):59—92.
[6] 刘捷.城市形态整合[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2004:15.
[7] 柴彦威.城市空间[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:13.
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[9] 朱喜钢.城市空间集中与分散论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:3-44.
[10] 武友德,潘玉君等.区域经济学导论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004:159,280,281.
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[12] 谷凯.城市形态的理论与方法——探索全面性与理性的研究框架[J].国外规划研究,2001,25(12):36—42.
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[14] 张京祥.西方城市规划思想史纲[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005:97—98,119,127—131,158—163,168,227—231,235—239.
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[23] 汪德华.中国城市规划史纲[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005:151.
[24] 冷希炎.开发区理论创新与实际探索[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2006:1.
[25] 叶宝明.长春市城市地域的演变过程与发展趋势[J].人文地理,2000,15(1):47—51.
[26] 王新生等.中国城市形状的时空变化[J].资源科学,2005,27(3):20—25.
[27] 曹传新等.长春市中心区人口解密外疏总体方案研究[J].规划师,2001,17(6):70—73.
[28] 曹勇宏.论长春市绿地生态系统的建设措施[J].环境与开发,2001,16(2):10—12.
[29] 陈才等.东北老工业基地新型工业化之路[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2004:290.
[30] 谢景武,娄晓黎.基于可持续发展的长春市产业空间结构特征及调控措施分析[J].地理科学,2004,24(2):150—156.
[31] 许学强,周一星,宁越敏.城市地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997:109.
[32] 王旭.美国城市发展模式——从城市化到大都市区化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:304.
[33] 修春亮,梅林.略论城市地域形态演变中的基本矛盾[J].经济地理,1999,19(1):42—46.
[34] 邱绪建等.城市形态变化与交通发展[J].城市交通,2002,16(6):6—7.
[35] 高相铎,李诚固.老工业基地改造与长春市产业空间的协调[J].城市问题,2006(2):68—79.
[36] 曹传新、张全等.长春市“点—轴”产业圈层化空间结构整合调空[J].地理科学,2005,5(25):556—560.
[37] 吕莉,张宝忠.长春市农业产业结构调整的问题与对策[J].长春市党校学报,2001(6):26—29.
[38] 彭岩.关于房地产调空政策的思考[J].经济与管理,2007,21(1):68—72.
[39] 袁家冬.城市土地经济学导论[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2003:293.
[40] G·Hardin.The Tragedy Of Commons[J].Science, 2000, 162(8):101—121.
[41] M·heller.The Tragedy Of The Apti—Commons[J].Harvard Law Review, 1998, 5(1):121—148.
[42] 周一星,孟延春.北京的郊区化及其对策[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:203.
[2] 李振全,石庆武.东北经济区经济地理总论[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,1988:1.
[3] Porter, M E. In Global City-Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy[J].Oxford University Press, 2001,84(1):150—158.
[4] [美]凯文﹒林奇著,林庆怡译.城市形态[M].北京:华夏出版社,2001:7.
[5] 郑莘,林琳.1990 年以来国内城市形态研究评述[J].城市规划,2002,26(7):59—92.
[6] 刘捷.城市形态整合[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2004:15.
[7] 柴彦威.城市空间[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:13.
[8] 王恩涌等.人文地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:234.
[9] 朱喜钢.城市空间集中与分散论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:3-44.
[10] 武友德,潘玉君等.区域经济学导论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004:159,280,281.
[11] 崔功豪等.区域分析与规划[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999:240.
[12] 谷凯.城市形态的理论与方法——探索全面性与理性的研究框架[J].国外规划研究,2001,25(12):36—42.
[13] 李小建,李国平,曾刚等.经济地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:87.
[14] 张京祥.西方城市规划思想史纲[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005:97—98,119,127—131,158—163,168,227—231,235—239.
[15] Zhao, X B. Decentralized Reforms And Regionatism In China [J].International Regional Science Review,1999,22(3):147—158.
[16] 顾朝林.集聚与扩散—城市空间结构新论[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000:190—192.
[17] Lin, G C S. The Growth And Structural Change Of Chinese Cities [J].Cities,2002,19(5):105—118.
[18] 朱福林等.对石家庄城市形态问题的探讨[J].河北师范大学学报,1995,18(1):53—56.
[19] 李诚固等.关于长春市城市化发展趋势的思考[J].中共长春党校学报,2004(1):72—74.
[20] 丁成日,宋彦等著.城市规划与空间结构——城市可持续发展战略[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,2005:23—30.
[21] 长春电视台.百年长春[M].长春:吉林艺术出版社,2000:76.
[22] 曲小范.近代东北城市的历史变迁[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2001:71.
[23] 汪德华.中国城市规划史纲[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005:151.
[24] 冷希炎.开发区理论创新与实际探索[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2006:1.
[25] 叶宝明.长春市城市地域的演变过程与发展趋势[J].人文地理,2000,15(1):47—51.
[26] 王新生等.中国城市形状的时空变化[J].资源科学,2005,27(3):20—25.
[27] 曹传新等.长春市中心区人口解密外疏总体方案研究[J].规划师,2001,17(6):70—73.
[28] 曹勇宏.论长春市绿地生态系统的建设措施[J].环境与开发,2001,16(2):10—12.
[29] 陈才等.东北老工业基地新型工业化之路[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2004:290.
[30] 谢景武,娄晓黎.基于可持续发展的长春市产业空间结构特征及调控措施分析[J].地理科学,2004,24(2):150—156.
[31] 许学强,周一星,宁越敏.城市地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997:109.
[32] 王旭.美国城市发展模式——从城市化到大都市区化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:304.
[33] 修春亮,梅林.略论城市地域形态演变中的基本矛盾[J].经济地理,1999,19(1):42—46.
[34] 邱绪建等.城市形态变化与交通发展[J].城市交通,2002,16(6):6—7.
[35] 高相铎,李诚固.老工业基地改造与长春市产业空间的协调[J].城市问题,2006(2):68—79.
[36] 曹传新、张全等.长春市“点—轴”产业圈层化空间结构整合调空[J].地理科学,2005,5(25):556—560.
[37] 吕莉,张宝忠.长春市农业产业结构调整的问题与对策[J].长春市党校学报,2001(6):26—29.
[38] 彭岩.关于房地产调空政策的思考[J].经济与管理,2007,21(1):68—72.
[39] 袁家冬.城市土地经济学导论[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2003:293.
[40] G·Hardin.The Tragedy Of Commons[J].Science, 2000, 162(8):101—121.
[41] M·heller.The Tragedy Of The Apti—Commons[J].Harvard Law Review, 1998, 5(1):121—148.
[42] 周一星,孟延春.北京的郊区化及其对策[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:203.