城市污染土地可持续利用策略研究
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摘要
城市污染土地是传统产业结构和城市布局留下的城市“伤疤”,危害城市生态安全,影响经济增长。同时,城市污染土地又是城市发展的潜在的宝贵土地资源。本文主要研究了城市污染土地的策略及关键因素,为实现城市土地可持续利用提供借鉴。
城市污染土地的可持续利用必须满足未来场地内生态环境、经济、社会系统发展的需要。污染土地的可持续利用是关系到现存的经济、生态、社会复杂系统的全过程,这个过程所产生的影响不仅仅是特别的土地,而是如何实现土地的可持续产出。城市污染土地的可持续利用表现规划理论、公共关系、项目管理及技术的全过程。
本论文叙述了城市污染土地的基本概念、特征、产生原因、现状。收集了大量国外城市污染土地利用治理的资料,包括管理技术、再利用标准、方法、技术,比较国内污染土地利用现状,提出问题和值得研究的方向。
通过对可持续理论基础的研究,提出城市污染土地可持续利用的目标、原则、框架,即满足经济、社会、生态环境的共同的需求;提出“广泛生态调研”、“整合规划”、“评估修复”、“风险管理”等可持续利用的策略。
本论文设计了城市污染土地开发的流程框架,并结合北京宋家庄污染场地,设计污染土地修复再利用流程。
研究设计区域城市污染土地综合修复处置中心,设计建设规模、工艺、运营管理流程,并做技术经济评级分析。
Changes in the way in which goods and services are produced, as well as the transition from a national to a world-based economy, have created a new economic environment for contemporary urban. The result is an overall decline in the economic and social infrastructure of many communities, and a corresponding legacy of economically unproductive, abandoned or underutilized industrial sites. Contaminated site redevelopment, in addition to benefiting human health and the environment by the restoration of once-contaminated properties to productive uses, can also become an essential component of the economic and social revitalization of the community itself.
The sustainable development perspective recognizes that the social structure, economy, and natural environment of a community, rather than being discrete and separate entities, are interconnected in fundamental and critical ways. The incorporation of sustainability into the contaminated site redevelopment process is an important mechanism for ensuring not only the restoration and reuse of existing contaminated site properties, but also that previous cycles of decay and abandonment are not repeated.
A sustainable contaminated site redevelopment cannot depend solely on the processes of the marketplace to deal with abandoned or underutilized properties. The market cannot always assure that what is rational and attractive to the developer will also be beneficial to the community, or that building what people want is a natural function of the market system. Sustainable contaminated site redevelopment refers to redevelopment and growth that are maintained over the long-term and occur within the limits of the environment so that the current needs of the citizens are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
In chapter 1 to 3, some important context about urban contaminated site will be given, including definition, background, past and present use situation, problems in project and plan levels. In chapter 4, technology and strategy for sustainable contaminated site will be given, including key characteristics in contaminated site redevelopment process, main remediation technology to contaminated land.
In chapter 5, framework and process will be design, and in chapter 6, conclusion will be given.
城市污染土地的可持续利用必须满足未来场地内生态环境、经济、社会系统发展的需要。污染土地的可持续利用是关系到现存的经济、生态、社会复杂系统的全过程,这个过程所产生的影响不仅仅是特别的土地,而是如何实现土地的可持续产出。城市污染土地的可持续利用表现规划理论、公共关系、项目管理及技术的全过程。
本论文叙述了城市污染土地的基本概念、特征、产生原因、现状。收集了大量国外城市污染土地利用治理的资料,包括管理技术、再利用标准、方法、技术,比较国内污染土地利用现状,提出问题和值得研究的方向。
通过对可持续理论基础的研究,提出城市污染土地可持续利用的目标、原则、框架,即满足经济、社会、生态环境的共同的需求;提出“广泛生态调研”、“整合规划”、“评估修复”、“风险管理”等可持续利用的策略。
本论文设计了城市污染土地开发的流程框架,并结合北京宋家庄污染场地,设计污染土地修复再利用流程。
研究设计区域城市污染土地综合修复处置中心,设计建设规模、工艺、运营管理流程,并做技术经济评级分析。
Changes in the way in which goods and services are produced, as well as the transition from a national to a world-based economy, have created a new economic environment for contemporary urban. The result is an overall decline in the economic and social infrastructure of many communities, and a corresponding legacy of economically unproductive, abandoned or underutilized industrial sites. Contaminated site redevelopment, in addition to benefiting human health and the environment by the restoration of once-contaminated properties to productive uses, can also become an essential component of the economic and social revitalization of the community itself.
The sustainable development perspective recognizes that the social structure, economy, and natural environment of a community, rather than being discrete and separate entities, are interconnected in fundamental and critical ways. The incorporation of sustainability into the contaminated site redevelopment process is an important mechanism for ensuring not only the restoration and reuse of existing contaminated site properties, but also that previous cycles of decay and abandonment are not repeated.
A sustainable contaminated site redevelopment cannot depend solely on the processes of the marketplace to deal with abandoned or underutilized properties. The market cannot always assure that what is rational and attractive to the developer will also be beneficial to the community, or that building what people want is a natural function of the market system. Sustainable contaminated site redevelopment refers to redevelopment and growth that are maintained over the long-term and occur within the limits of the environment so that the current needs of the citizens are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
In chapter 1 to 3, some important context about urban contaminated site will be given, including definition, background, past and present use situation, problems in project and plan levels. In chapter 4, technology and strategy for sustainable contaminated site will be given, including key characteristics in contaminated site redevelopment process, main remediation technology to contaminated land.
In chapter 5, framework and process will be design, and in chapter 6, conclusion will be given.
引文
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[3] 周启星.污染土地就地修复技术研究及应用[M].见中国人口资源环境与可持续发展战略研究,2000:1617～1681.
[4] 周启星.污染土壤修复的技术再造及展望[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,20023(8):36-40.
[5] 周启星. 污染土壤修复标准建立的方法体系研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(2):316-320
[6] 周启星,成云,张倩如,等.复合污染毒理效应的定量关系分析[J].中国科学,2003,33(6):566-573
[7] 周启星,林海芳.污染土壤及地下水的 BRP 技术及展望[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(5):48-53
[8] 周启星,宋玉芳,等.污染土壤修复原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
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[11] 陈怀满,郑春荣,周东美,等. 关于中国土壤环境保护研究中一些值得关注的问题[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2004, 23 (6) : l224 - l245. 12] 赵景联. 环境修复原理与技术 化学工业出版社. 2006, 150-200。
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[17] 周春梅.“入世”与中国农产品农药残留的应对措施[J] . 农业与技术,2001 ,21 (6) :7 - 10.
[18] 杨杏芬. 环境雌激素污染与毒效应研究的现状与展望[J] . 广东卫生防疫,2001 ,27 (1) :20 - 24 .
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[20] 白清云. 农业生态系质量的保障——食物保证、食物安全、农业环境保护之间的关系[ Z] . 三农问题,2006. 42 - 46.
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[22] 郑良永,等. 污染土壤生物修复研究进展[J ] . 广东农业科学, 2006 , (2) :79 - 81.
[23] 刘娜,杨云龙. 生物修复技术在污染环境修复中的应用研究[J] . 科技情报开发与经济,2005 ,15 (3) :173 - 175.
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[26] 隋红,茹旭.土壤石油污染生物通风修复的研究进展[J].生态环境,2003,12(2):216-219.
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[28] 钱暑强,刘 静.污染土壤修复技术介绍[J].化工进展,2000(4):10-13.
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[33] Szymecko, L. (Department of Civil Engineering, Michigan State University); Benjamin, A.; Davis, P.. Lessons learned in brownfield redevelopment: Urban challenges in southwest Detroit. Brownfield Sites II: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites II: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2004, p 137-146
[34] Cuauro, Antonio (SPE, Schlumberger); Ali, Mohd Izat; Jadid, Maharon Bin; Kasap, Ekrem; Friedel, Torsten. An approach for production enhancement opportunities in a brownfield redevelopment plan. SPE Russian Oil and Gas Technical Conference and Exhibition 2006, v 1, SPE Russian Oil and Gas Technical Conference and Exhibition 2006, 2006, p 147-156
[35] Lafortezza, R. (Dept. of Plant Production Science, University of Bari); Sanesi, G.; Pace, B.; Corry, R.C.; Brown, R.D... Planning for the rehabilitation of brownfield sites: A landscape ecological perspective. Brownfield Sites II: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites II: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2004, p 21-30
[36] Simons, R.A. (Levin College of Urban Affairs, Cleveland State University); Winson-Geideman, K.; Pendergrass, J.. Understanding the outcomes of brownfield clean-up programs. Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2002, p 539-548
[37] Espinoza, R.D. (GeoSyntec Consultants); Luccioni, L. Proper risk management: The key to successful brownfield development. Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2002, p 297-306 Database: Compendex
[38] Schejbalova, K.; Vacek, M. Identification of subsurface environmental barriers and brownfield development. Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2002, p 289-295
[39] Curran, L.; Kalet, D.; Marsh, D.; Sherrard-Smith, J. Improving the Brownfield's timeline for redevelopment. Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2002, p 425-435
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[2] 周启星.污染土地就地修复探究进展及展望[J].污染防治技术,1998,11(4):207～211.
[3] 周启星.污染土地就地修复技术研究及应用[M].见中国人口资源环境与可持续发展战略研究,2000:1617～1681.
[4] 周启星.污染土壤修复的技术再造及展望[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,20023(8):36-40.
[5] 周启星. 污染土壤修复标准建立的方法体系研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(2):316-320
[6] 周启星,成云,张倩如,等.复合污染毒理效应的定量关系分析[J].中国科学,2003,33(6):566-573
[7] 周启星,林海芳.污染土壤及地下水的 BRP 技术及展望[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(5):48-53
[8] 周启星,宋玉芳,等.污染土壤修复原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[9] 张从, 夏立江编著. 污染土壤的生物修复. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2000
[10] 陈鸿汉, 谵宏伟, 何江涛,等. 污染场地健康风险评价的理论和方法[J]. 地学前沿, 2006, 18 (1) : 216 - 222.
[11] 陈怀满,郑春荣,周东美,等. 关于中国土壤环境保护研究中一些值得关注的问题[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2004, 23 (6) : l224 - l245. 12] 赵景联. 环境修复原理与技术 化学工业出版社. 2006, 150-200。
[13] 周国华,秦绪文,董岩翔. 土壤环境质量标准的制定原则与方法[J]. 地质通报, 2005, 24 (8) : 721 - 727.
[14] 丁克强, 骆永明. 多环芳烃污染土壤的生物修复. 土壤, 2001,33 (4): 169-178
[15] 夏家淇,骆永明. 关于土壤污染的概念和评价指标的探讨[J] . 生态与农村环境学报,2006 ,22 (1) :87 - 90.
[16] 胡春华,邓先珍,汪茜. 土壤污染修复技术研究综述[J] . 湖北林业科技,2005 , (5) :44 - 47.
[17] 周春梅.“入世”与中国农产品农药残留的应对措施[J] . 农业与技术,2001 ,21 (6) :7 - 10.
[18] 杨杏芬. 环境雌激素污染与毒效应研究的现状与展望[J] . 广东卫生防疫,2001 ,27 (1) :20 - 24 .
[19] 包国章,李向林,等. 环境雌激素生态影响的研究进展[J ] . 生态学杂志,2001 ,20 (5) :44 - 50.
[20] 白清云. 农业生态系质量的保障——食物保证、食物安全、农业环境保护之间的关系[ Z] . 三农问题,2006. 42 - 46.
[21] 郭荣君,李世东,等. 土壤农药污染与生物修复研究进展[J] . 中国生物防治,2005 ,21 (3) :129 - 135.
[22] 郑良永,等. 污染土壤生物修复研究进展[J ] . 广东农业科学, 2006 , (2) :79 - 81.
[23] 刘娜,杨云龙. 生物修复技术在污染环境修复中的应用研究[J] . 科技情报开发与经济,2005 ,15 (3) :173 - 175.
[24] 覃拥灵. 分子生物学技术及其在环境污染治理中的应用研究进展[J] . 河海学院学报, 2005 , 25 (4) : 24 - 29.
[25] 唐秀欢,潘孝兵. 植物修复- 大面积低剂量放射性污染的新治理技术[J] . 环境污染与防治,2006 ,28 (4) :275 - 278.
[26] 隋红,茹旭.土壤石油污染生物通风修复的研究进展[J].生态环境,2003,12(2):216-219.
[27] 张从,夏立江.污染土壤生物修复技术[M].北京:环境科学出版社,2000.
[28] 钱暑强,刘 静.污染土壤修复技术介绍[J].化工进展,2000(4):10-13.
[29] 丁克强,骆永明.生物修复石油污染土壤[J].土壤,2001(4):179-184;196.
[30] U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Summary of Treatment Technology Effective for Contaminated Soil[R].EPA/540/2-89/053,Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,Washington,D.C.,1990.
[31] Gibbons, J.. Brownfield sites: Assessment, rehabilitation and development. Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2002, 551p
[32] Inyang, Hilary I. (Univ of Massachusetts); Daniels, John L.; Ogunro, Vincent. Engineering controls for risk reduction at Brownfield sites. Geotechnical Special Publication, n 82, Risk-BasedCorrective Action and Brownfields Restorations, 1998, p 229-252
[33] Szymecko, L. (Department of Civil Engineering, Michigan State University); Benjamin, A.; Davis, P.. Lessons learned in brownfield redevelopment: Urban challenges in southwest Detroit. Brownfield Sites II: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites II: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2004, p 137-146
[34] Cuauro, Antonio (SPE, Schlumberger); Ali, Mohd Izat; Jadid, Maharon Bin; Kasap, Ekrem; Friedel, Torsten. An approach for production enhancement opportunities in a brownfield redevelopment plan. SPE Russian Oil and Gas Technical Conference and Exhibition 2006, v 1, SPE Russian Oil and Gas Technical Conference and Exhibition 2006, 2006, p 147-156
[35] Lafortezza, R. (Dept. of Plant Production Science, University of Bari); Sanesi, G.; Pace, B.; Corry, R.C.; Brown, R.D... Planning for the rehabilitation of brownfield sites: A landscape ecological perspective. Brownfield Sites II: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites II: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2004, p 21-30
[36] Simons, R.A. (Levin College of Urban Affairs, Cleveland State University); Winson-Geideman, K.; Pendergrass, J.. Understanding the outcomes of brownfield clean-up programs. Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2002, p 539-548
[37] Espinoza, R.D. (GeoSyntec Consultants); Luccioni, L. Proper risk management: The key to successful brownfield development. Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2002, p 297-306 Database: Compendex
[38] Schejbalova, K.; Vacek, M. Identification of subsurface environmental barriers and brownfield development. Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2002, p 289-295
[39] Curran, L.; Kalet, D.; Marsh, D.; Sherrard-Smith, J. Improving the Brownfield's timeline for redevelopment. Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, Brownfield Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development, 2002, p 425-435
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