“土地换户籍”政策分析
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摘要
我国户籍制度由来已久,在户籍制度建立之初确实对国家的建设起到了重要的作用。但是随着我国社会经济的不断发展,户籍制度已经对我国各项事业的发展起到了越来越大的阻碍作用。改革现行的户籍制度是我国城乡统筹的必然结果,也是我国城市化进程的必然结果。“土地换户籍”政策正是在这个背景下出台并实施的,该政策的出台是对我国户籍制度改革的一次突破性尝试,具有很高的现实意义和实际价值。
本文在总结已有的研究成果和现实的实施情况的基础之上,综合介绍了我国户籍制度的起源、演变、特点和改革的必然性,通过对重庆市户籍制度改革的分析和评价,对“土地换户籍”政策进行了具体的分析,探讨了“土地换户籍”政策的影响,并对该政策的实施提出了相关的建议。本文正文部分共分为三个部分：
第一部分是第二章,在第二章中介绍了本文所要用到的相关理论,包括公共政策分析的相关理论和公共选择理论。其中公共政策分析的相关理论包括政策执行和政策评估。政策执行是政策全面实施的环节,只有经过这一环节政策才能由书面文字变成真正的实际行动,政策执行的环节主要包括政策宣传、政策分解、物质准备、组织准备、政策实验、全面实施和协调监控；而政策评估是对政策的相关结果和实施状况进行评价和发现错误的阶段,通过这一阶段可以对已实施的政策进行调整或改进,政策评估模式有多种,每一种的侧重面不同,在政策评估的过程中也能起到不同的作用。在公共政策的相关理论介绍中,本文主要运用了公共选择理论中的“经济人”假设、俱乐部理论和以脚投票机制、利益集团理论。
第二部分是第三章和第四章,这一部分主要是对我国户籍制度进行相关的介绍并以重庆市的户籍制度改革为例,介绍了“土地换户籍”政策的内容和实施状况,并对其进行了综合的评价。在第三章——我国户籍制度概述中,本文阐述了户籍制度的涵义,介绍了现代户籍制度的起源和演变,分析了我国户籍制度的功能,探讨了户籍制度改革的必然性。这一章的目的就是对“土地换户籍”政策的背景进行分析和介绍,阐述该政策出台的必要性和意义。第四章主要是以重庆市的户籍制度改革为例,对“土地换户籍”政策进行介绍,主要包括“土地换户籍”政策的出台,重庆市“土地换户籍”政策的实施状况,以及对“土地换户籍”政策的评价。重庆市的“土地换户籍”政策存在一些值得借鉴的方面。
第三部分是第五章和第六章,在这一部分中主要分析了“土地换户籍”政策的影响并对该政策提出了一定的建议。第五章分析了“土地换户籍”政策的影响,主要包括三个方面：对农民权利的影响、对政府的影响和对社会的影响。对农民权利的影响主要包括对农民平等权的影响、对农民迁徙权的影响和对农民财产权的影响；对政府的影响主要包括：该政策对政府职能的影响和对政府财政的影响；对社会的影响主要有：对我国城乡二元化的影响、对我国城市化进程的影响和对我国社会公平的影响。第六章主要是对“土地换户籍”政策提出了一些建议：第一,“土地换户籍”政策应当汪意实现对农民权利的保障；第二,“土地换户籍”政策应当注意实现土地收益合理分配；第三,应当注意实现政府非土地财政的转化：将市场机制引入到农村土地市场、改革税收体制并合理分配财权和事权、改变当前以GDP为主的政绩考核体制。
Household-registration system has a long history in our country. At the beginning of this system, it did have some positive role to the development of our county.But as the time goes by,household-registration system has shown more and more side effect. For the development of city and countryside integration and our country's urbanization, this system must be reformed. Under this background, "Land for Census" policy unveiled. This policy which is a breakthrough try of household-registration is very meaningful and valuable.Also, it will create great effect to the rights of peasants, the functions of government and the whole society.
Based on the summary of the existing research results and the implementation of foundation,this paper introduces the origin,evolution, characteristics and the necessity of the reform of the household registration system in our country.Through the analysis and evaluation of the household registration system reform in Chongqing, this paper analyses the "land for Household -registration" policy, discusses the influence of "land for census register" policy, and put forward some relevant Suggestions. I divided the body into three parts:
The first part is the second chapter.In chapter two,I introduced the theory which had been used in this paper including public analysis theory and public choice theory,in which public analysis theory includs policy implementation and policy evaluation.Policy implementation is the significant link,and only after this link policy by writing will become the real action.Policy implementation includes policy propaganda,policy decomposition,material preparation,oganization preparation,policy experiment implementation and coordinator monitoring.Policy evaluation is the stage during which people can find mistakes from the related results and implementation condition.Through this stage people could have some policy adjustment or improvement.There's many modes of policy evaluation which will have different effect in each kind of different aspects. In the introduction of public policy related theory, this paper mainly use the public choice theory of the "economic man" hypothesis, club theory and foot for voting mechanism, interest group theory.The "economic man" assumption explained the motivation of the government officials' ego behavior in political market;the club theory and foot for voting mechanism explained the necessities of reform of household-registration system and why the "land for household-registration" policy should be carried out;the interest group theory explained that China peasant as a special interest group,its benefit should be guaranteed as much as possible.
The second part includes the third and the fourth chapter,this part mainly introduced our country's household-registration system and the contents and implementation conditions of "land for household-registration" policy.In chapter three, this article discussed the meaning of the household registration system introduced the origin and evolution of household-registration in China,analyzes the function of household-registration and the necessity of the reform of the household registration system. Household-registration is a way of management which is used for registering permanent residence.This system has a long history and strong Chinese characteristic.At the very beginning,this system is necessary.But now,it has became the obstacles of city and countryside integration and our country's urbanization process.The purpose of this chapter is to introduction and analyze the background of "land for household-registration" policy which is very necessary and significant.
The third part includes the fifth chapter and sixth chapter.This part mainly analyzed the effect of "land for household-registration" policy and put forward some suggestion.The influence of "land for household-registration" policy includes three aspects:peasants,government and the society.The influence to the rights of peasants includes equal rights,migration rights and property rights.The influence to the government includes the government function and the government finance.The social effects include process of urbanization of our country and chinese social fair.The sixth chapter put forward some suggestion:first of all,this policy should try to realize the peasants'rights,so it should be established on base of the peasants' voluntary. Also, it must have the relevant supporting policies and establish relevant mechanism for farmers and set out the transitional period.Secondly, the "land for census register" policy should pay attention to the distribution of reasonable land income. The government should clarify land property rights and clear land benefit main body,prefect the compensation mechanism and increase compensation standard, give full play to the function of the market mechanism, tilte the peasants into land appreciation income group.Thirdly, attention shall be paid to the realization of the transformation of the government land financial. We should take the market mechanism into rural land market, reform tax system.and distribute rights and powers and change the current examinational system.
本文在总结已有的研究成果和现实的实施情况的基础之上,综合介绍了我国户籍制度的起源、演变、特点和改革的必然性,通过对重庆市户籍制度改革的分析和评价,对“土地换户籍”政策进行了具体的分析,探讨了“土地换户籍”政策的影响,并对该政策的实施提出了相关的建议。本文正文部分共分为三个部分：
第一部分是第二章,在第二章中介绍了本文所要用到的相关理论,包括公共政策分析的相关理论和公共选择理论。其中公共政策分析的相关理论包括政策执行和政策评估。政策执行是政策全面实施的环节,只有经过这一环节政策才能由书面文字变成真正的实际行动,政策执行的环节主要包括政策宣传、政策分解、物质准备、组织准备、政策实验、全面实施和协调监控；而政策评估是对政策的相关结果和实施状况进行评价和发现错误的阶段,通过这一阶段可以对已实施的政策进行调整或改进,政策评估模式有多种,每一种的侧重面不同,在政策评估的过程中也能起到不同的作用。在公共政策的相关理论介绍中,本文主要运用了公共选择理论中的“经济人”假设、俱乐部理论和以脚投票机制、利益集团理论。
第二部分是第三章和第四章,这一部分主要是对我国户籍制度进行相关的介绍并以重庆市的户籍制度改革为例,介绍了“土地换户籍”政策的内容和实施状况,并对其进行了综合的评价。在第三章——我国户籍制度概述中,本文阐述了户籍制度的涵义,介绍了现代户籍制度的起源和演变,分析了我国户籍制度的功能,探讨了户籍制度改革的必然性。这一章的目的就是对“土地换户籍”政策的背景进行分析和介绍,阐述该政策出台的必要性和意义。第四章主要是以重庆市的户籍制度改革为例,对“土地换户籍”政策进行介绍,主要包括“土地换户籍”政策的出台,重庆市“土地换户籍”政策的实施状况,以及对“土地换户籍”政策的评价。重庆市的“土地换户籍”政策存在一些值得借鉴的方面。
第三部分是第五章和第六章,在这一部分中主要分析了“土地换户籍”政策的影响并对该政策提出了一定的建议。第五章分析了“土地换户籍”政策的影响,主要包括三个方面：对农民权利的影响、对政府的影响和对社会的影响。对农民权利的影响主要包括对农民平等权的影响、对农民迁徙权的影响和对农民财产权的影响；对政府的影响主要包括：该政策对政府职能的影响和对政府财政的影响；对社会的影响主要有：对我国城乡二元化的影响、对我国城市化进程的影响和对我国社会公平的影响。第六章主要是对“土地换户籍”政策提出了一些建议：第一,“土地换户籍”政策应当汪意实现对农民权利的保障；第二,“土地换户籍”政策应当注意实现土地收益合理分配；第三,应当注意实现政府非土地财政的转化：将市场机制引入到农村土地市场、改革税收体制并合理分配财权和事权、改变当前以GDP为主的政绩考核体制。
Household-registration system has a long history in our country. At the beginning of this system, it did have some positive role to the development of our county.But as the time goes by,household-registration system has shown more and more side effect. For the development of city and countryside integration and our country's urbanization, this system must be reformed. Under this background, "Land for Census" policy unveiled. This policy which is a breakthrough try of household-registration is very meaningful and valuable.Also, it will create great effect to the rights of peasants, the functions of government and the whole society.
Based on the summary of the existing research results and the implementation of foundation,this paper introduces the origin,evolution, characteristics and the necessity of the reform of the household registration system in our country.Through the analysis and evaluation of the household registration system reform in Chongqing, this paper analyses the "land for Household -registration" policy, discusses the influence of "land for census register" policy, and put forward some relevant Suggestions. I divided the body into three parts:
The first part is the second chapter.In chapter two,I introduced the theory which had been used in this paper including public analysis theory and public choice theory,in which public analysis theory includs policy implementation and policy evaluation.Policy implementation is the significant link,and only after this link policy by writing will become the real action.Policy implementation includes policy propaganda,policy decomposition,material preparation,oganization preparation,policy experiment implementation and coordinator monitoring.Policy evaluation is the stage during which people can find mistakes from the related results and implementation condition.Through this stage people could have some policy adjustment or improvement.There's many modes of policy evaluation which will have different effect in each kind of different aspects. In the introduction of public policy related theory, this paper mainly use the public choice theory of the "economic man" hypothesis, club theory and foot for voting mechanism, interest group theory.The "economic man" assumption explained the motivation of the government officials' ego behavior in political market;the club theory and foot for voting mechanism explained the necessities of reform of household-registration system and why the "land for household-registration" policy should be carried out;the interest group theory explained that China peasant as a special interest group,its benefit should be guaranteed as much as possible.
The second part includes the third and the fourth chapter,this part mainly introduced our country's household-registration system and the contents and implementation conditions of "land for household-registration" policy.In chapter three, this article discussed the meaning of the household registration system introduced the origin and evolution of household-registration in China,analyzes the function of household-registration and the necessity of the reform of the household registration system. Household-registration is a way of management which is used for registering permanent residence.This system has a long history and strong Chinese characteristic.At the very beginning,this system is necessary.But now,it has became the obstacles of city and countryside integration and our country's urbanization process.The purpose of this chapter is to introduction and analyze the background of "land for household-registration" policy which is very necessary and significant.
The third part includes the fifth chapter and sixth chapter.This part mainly analyzed the effect of "land for household-registration" policy and put forward some suggestion.The influence of "land for household-registration" policy includes three aspects:peasants,government and the society.The influence to the rights of peasants includes equal rights,migration rights and property rights.The influence to the government includes the government function and the government finance.The social effects include process of urbanization of our country and chinese social fair.The sixth chapter put forward some suggestion:first of all,this policy should try to realize the peasants'rights,so it should be established on base of the peasants' voluntary. Also, it must have the relevant supporting policies and establish relevant mechanism for farmers and set out the transitional period.Secondly, the "land for census register" policy should pay attention to the distribution of reasonable land income. The government should clarify land property rights and clear land benefit main body,prefect the compensation mechanism and increase compensation standard, give full play to the function of the market mechanism, tilte the peasants into land appreciation income group.Thirdly, attention shall be paid to the realization of the transformation of the government land financial. We should take the market mechanism into rural land market, reform tax system.and distribute rights and powers and change the current examinational system.
引文
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