吉林省典型城市郊区菜地重金属污染与累积效应研究
|
摘要
随着城市化与工业化的快速发展，城市土地污染在中国逐渐加重。而城市农业用地的质量状况与人体健康关系最为密切。城郊是城市农业的主要农产品产区，而蔬菜又是其中重要的经济作物，因此，城郊蔬菜产地的环境质量不容忽视。土壤重金属因其污染范围广、持续时间长、污染隐蔽性、无法被生物降解，并可能通过食物链不断地在生物体内富集，对食物链中某些生物产生毒害，最终在人体内蓄积而危害健康等特点受到人们广泛关注。研究城郊菜地土壤重金属的空间分布特征及其风险，探讨土壤-蔬菜系统中重金属的累积效应对于确保城郊菜地土壤环境安全及蔬菜清洁生产具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文以吉林省典型城市（长春市、吉林市、松原市、四平市）的郊区菜地为研究对象，通过田间调查、室内分析和盆栽模拟试验，系统的研究了重金属在城郊菜地中的污染分布规律与累积特征，参照土壤环境质量标准进行了蔬菜生产地质量等级划分；并对蔬菜在不同污染条件下以及种植管理模式下重金属的累积规律进行探讨，结合蔬菜产地环境质量等级划分结果指导蔬菜安全生产。主要结果如下：
1.摸清了吉林省主要城市郊区菜地重金属污染状况与空间分布特征。由于人为活动强度和地域的不同，各城市郊区菜地环境质量存在较大差异。其中，长春市、吉林市、四平市以及松原市城郊菜地重金属含量基本都超出吉林省背景值，部分超出国家一级标准，少量样点超出国家二级标准，超标元素以Cd为主。重金属的空间分布受到了自然因素和人为因素的综合影响，热点污染区多集中在工业集中区附近以及盛行风下风向。
2.对城郊菜地重金属进行人为源、自然源辨识。以长春市和吉林市为例，采用多元统计分析方法对长春市、吉林市城郊菜地重金属污染源进行分析，结果显示，Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd都倾向于来自人为源，而Cr和Ni主要来自成土母岩。
3.对城郊菜地土壤重金属的生物有效性进行评价。以长春市为例，结果显示，城郊菜地可利用态金属浓度呈现较大的变异性，变异系数要大于总量。有些重金属总量虽然不高，但其可利用态重金属会呈现相对较高的浓度，仍会对植物、微生物等构成威胁。
4.对城郊菜地土壤环境质量进行评价。利用单因子指数和综合污染指数评价方法对长春市、吉林市、四平市和松原市城郊菜地环境质量进行评价，结果显示，研究区菜地基本处于警戒线、轻污染水平，少数菜地达到了重污染水平。整体上看，Cr和Ni污染相对较轻，受人为干扰较小，Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd污染相对较重，尤其是Cd污染。从综合污染指数空间分布图可知，各城市郊区菜地重金属污染有明显的区域分布特征。
5.参照土壤环境质量标准对菜地土壤环境质量进行分类，根据分类标准区划长春市、吉林市、四平市和松原市城郊菜地质量。结果显示，研究区大部分土壤都可作为无公害蔬菜基地使用，部分菜地可作为有机和绿色蔬菜基地使用，有一些菜地土壤进行蔬菜种植前需开展土壤污染风险评估，但没有菜地达到不能用于蔬菜种植的污染程度。
6.通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同收割条件下韭菜对Pb的累积效应。结果显示，同一生长周期内随着韭菜收割次数的增加韭菜根累积Pb的量会出现先降低后增加的趋势，不同Pb污染条件下收割两次的韭菜根中Pb含量均出现了极低值。而韭菜茎中Pb含量随着收割次数的增加呈现上升趋势，在高浓度Pb污染条件下相对于4次收割的韭菜5次收割使得茎内Pb含量略有下降。韭菜可食部分Pb累积量呈现先增加后减小的趋势，在3、4次收割时累积量达到最大。且韭菜可食部分Pb累积浓度和累积量没有随生长时间持续增加，而是不断波动，该结果表明，韭菜吸收累积在可食部分的Pb并不稳定，而是在植株各器官中不断运移。
7.通过盆栽模拟试验研究了单一及复合污染条件下菠菜对Pb、Cd的累积效应。土壤Cd添加浓度为0.35mg/kg和1.4mg/kg时，Pb与Cd表现为拮抗作用，Cd抑制了菠菜对Pb的累积；当土壤Cd添加浓度为4.90mg/kg时，Pb与Cd之间的拮抗作用转变为协同作用，Cd促进了菠菜对Pb的吸收。当土壤Pb添加浓度为75mg/kg时，Pb与Cd的复合作用表现为加合作用；当土壤Pb添加浓度为300mg/kg，且土壤Cd含量较高时，Pb开始对菠菜Cd累积产生了一定的抑制了作用；当土壤Pb添加浓度为1050mg/kg时，Pb与Cd之间产生了明显的拮抗作用，即高浓度Pb阻碍了菠菜对Cd的吸收。
8.通过盆栽模拟试验研究了小白菜和菠菜在单一种植和混合种植模式下对Cd的累积效应。小白菜在两种种植方式下Cd累积量并没有显著差异，而菠菜呈现了不同的Cd累积规律。在混合种植模式下，菠菜中Cd含量显著高于单一种植，表现为“协同作用”，即在混合种植时小白菜促进了菠菜对Cd的吸收，该现象的出现可能由于小白菜根系分泌物与Cd形成了利于菠菜吸收的螯合物，而且在混合种植时菠菜与小白菜形成了一种竞争，促进了菠菜根系分泌物的产生，通过溶解、螯合、还原等作用活化了土壤重金属，进而增强了对Cd的累积。因此，菠菜和小白菜不适合进行间作，且不同Cd浓度胁迫下，相对于小白菜菠菜都呈现出了较高的Cd累积能力。
Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, contamination of urban soils ison an increase all over China. The quality of urban agricultural land is closely relatedwith the health of the population. The suburb is the main producing area ofagricultural products, and vegetable production in peri-urban areas is now a key sectorof the urban agricultural economy, therefore, the environmental quality of peri-urbanvegetable fields should be paid more attention to all over the world. Among allchemical contaminates, heavy metals are considered potential hazardous contaminantsin the biosphere to human health. This kind of pollution exhibits the followingcharacteristics: wide range, long time with toxicity, invisibility, easily cumulating,transfer along with food chain and hardly resuming etc. The study on the spatialdistribution characteristics and risks of heavy metals in peri-urban vegetable soils is ofgreat significance to soil environment quality and safety in vegetable production.Using peri-urban vegetable plots in four typical cities (Changchun, Jilin, Siping andSongyuan) in Jilin province, the research carried out field survey, lab analysis and potexperiment. The distribution and cumulative effect of heavy metals in peri-urbanvegetable soils are researched systematically. Then the environmental quality ofvegetable fields was classified as four classes based on the soil environmentalstandard, and we thoroughly studied the accumulation rules of heavy metals underdifferent environmental condition and planting patterns. At last, on the basis of theresearch results, we can guide the safe production of vegetables in study area. Themain results of this study are as follows:
1. The pollution and spatial distributions of heavy metals in the peri-urban vegetable soils in the major cities of Jilin province were made clear. Due to thedifference of the intensity of the human activities and regional differences, theenvironmental quality of vegetable fields in the cities varied greatly. The heavy metalcontents in most of the peri-urban vegetable fields in Changchun, Jilin, Siping andSongyuan exceeded their background values of Jilin province, some exceeded thenational first standard and little reached to the national secondary standard, and Cdwas the major element. The distribution of heavy metals was constrained by bothnatural and contrived factors, and hotspots were mainly distributed in industryconcentrating area and downwind area of prevailing wind.
2. To identify the potential sources of heavy metals in peri-urban vegetable soils.With Changchun and Jilin, for example, the multivariate statistical analysis resultssuggested that Pb, Cu and Zn were consistently from anthropogenic sources, while Crand Ni were from natural sources with low concentrations.
3. To estimate the metal availability in peri-urban vegetable soils. WithChangchun city, for example, the results showed that available metal concentrationsshowed large variability and the CV values exceeded those of the total metal forms. Itis clear that though the total metal concentrations are not perceived to be particularlyhigh, the availability of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn may present a relatively high level andincrease risk of these metals to accumulate to microbial and plant tissues.
4. To evaluate the environmental quality of peri-urban vegetable fields. Singlegene index method and complex pollution indices method were used in this paper toevaluate the environmental quality of peri-urban vegetable fields in Changchun, Jilin,Siping and Songyuan. The environmental quality of most vegetable fields was atguard line and light pollution level, and little fields reached heavily pollution grade.Cr and Ni had relatively low levels of contamination and were less influenced byhumanity. Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd were relatively seriously influenced by anthropogenicactivities, especially for Cd. Spatial distribution of synthetic pollution index inperi-urban vegetable soils indicated that the heavy metal pollution indifferent citiesvaried greatly from regional differences.
5. The environmental quality of vegetable fields in Changchun, Jilin, Siping and Songyuan was classified as four classes based on the soil environmental standard.Most of the vegetable fields in study area were non-pollution vegetable productionbases, some fields could be used as organic and green vegetables bases, and few fieldsrequired risk assessment before being used to grow vegetables, but all of the vegetablefields could be used to grow vegetables.
6. To study the cumulative effect of Pb in Chinese chives under different cuttingfrequency through pot experiment. Lead concentrations in Chinese chives roots werefirst decreasing and then increasing with the increase of cutting frequency over aperiod of time, and extremely low values occurred under cutting twice. Leadconcentrations in Chinese chives stems were increasing with the increase of cuttingfrequency, Pb concentrations in stems had slight decline when cutting five timesunder high Pb pollution. Lead content in Chinese chives leaves were first increasingand then decreasing with the increase of cutting frequency, and extremely high valuesoccurred under cutting three and four times. The concentration and content of Pb inleaves had not risen with the increase of growth time continued to falter, indicatingthat the Pb in Chinese chives leaves was not stationary and had a continued movementwithin the plant.
7. To study the cumulative effect of Pb and Cd in spinach under alone stress andcombined stress through pot experiment. Pb and Cd showed anti-action when the Cdconcentrations in soils were0.35and1.4mg/kg, respectively, indicating that Cd waslimiting Pb absorption. Pb and Cd showed synergy when the Cd concentrations insoils were4.9mg/kg, indicating that Cd was promoting the uptake of Pb by spinach.Pb and Cd showed adding effect when the Pb concentrations in soils were75mg/kg.Pb was limiting Cd absorption when the Pb concentrations in soils were300mg/kg.Pb and Cd showed obvious anti-action when the Pb concentrations in soils were1050mg/kg, indicating that Pb was limiting Cd absorption by spinach.
8. To study the cumulative effect of Cd in spinach and pakchoi under singleplanting system and through pot experiment. Pakchoi did not make significantdifference under different planting ways, but pakchoi showed different accumulativerules. The content of Cd in pakchoi under companion planting system was significantly higher than single planting system, indicating that pakchoi waspromoting the uptake of Cd by spinach under companion planting system. Thephenomenon was likely due to that pakchoi root exudates and Cd formed chelate forbetter uptake by spinach, and spinach and pakchoi formed a competition undercompanion planting system, and then promoted the produce of spinach root exudates.The exudates could activate heavy metals by dissolving, chelation and reduction toincrease the accumulation of Cd by spinach, so spinach and pakchoi were unsuitablefor companion planting, and the capacity of accumulating Cd for spinach was strongerthan pakchoi.
1.摸清了吉林省主要城市郊区菜地重金属污染状况与空间分布特征。由于人为活动强度和地域的不同，各城市郊区菜地环境质量存在较大差异。其中，长春市、吉林市、四平市以及松原市城郊菜地重金属含量基本都超出吉林省背景值，部分超出国家一级标准，少量样点超出国家二级标准，超标元素以Cd为主。重金属的空间分布受到了自然因素和人为因素的综合影响，热点污染区多集中在工业集中区附近以及盛行风下风向。
2.对城郊菜地重金属进行人为源、自然源辨识。以长春市和吉林市为例，采用多元统计分析方法对长春市、吉林市城郊菜地重金属污染源进行分析，结果显示，Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd都倾向于来自人为源，而Cr和Ni主要来自成土母岩。
3.对城郊菜地土壤重金属的生物有效性进行评价。以长春市为例，结果显示，城郊菜地可利用态金属浓度呈现较大的变异性，变异系数要大于总量。有些重金属总量虽然不高，但其可利用态重金属会呈现相对较高的浓度，仍会对植物、微生物等构成威胁。
4.对城郊菜地土壤环境质量进行评价。利用单因子指数和综合污染指数评价方法对长春市、吉林市、四平市和松原市城郊菜地环境质量进行评价，结果显示，研究区菜地基本处于警戒线、轻污染水平，少数菜地达到了重污染水平。整体上看，Cr和Ni污染相对较轻，受人为干扰较小，Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd污染相对较重，尤其是Cd污染。从综合污染指数空间分布图可知，各城市郊区菜地重金属污染有明显的区域分布特征。
5.参照土壤环境质量标准对菜地土壤环境质量进行分类，根据分类标准区划长春市、吉林市、四平市和松原市城郊菜地质量。结果显示，研究区大部分土壤都可作为无公害蔬菜基地使用，部分菜地可作为有机和绿色蔬菜基地使用，有一些菜地土壤进行蔬菜种植前需开展土壤污染风险评估，但没有菜地达到不能用于蔬菜种植的污染程度。
6.通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同收割条件下韭菜对Pb的累积效应。结果显示，同一生长周期内随着韭菜收割次数的增加韭菜根累积Pb的量会出现先降低后增加的趋势，不同Pb污染条件下收割两次的韭菜根中Pb含量均出现了极低值。而韭菜茎中Pb含量随着收割次数的增加呈现上升趋势，在高浓度Pb污染条件下相对于4次收割的韭菜5次收割使得茎内Pb含量略有下降。韭菜可食部分Pb累积量呈现先增加后减小的趋势，在3、4次收割时累积量达到最大。且韭菜可食部分Pb累积浓度和累积量没有随生长时间持续增加，而是不断波动，该结果表明，韭菜吸收累积在可食部分的Pb并不稳定，而是在植株各器官中不断运移。
7.通过盆栽模拟试验研究了单一及复合污染条件下菠菜对Pb、Cd的累积效应。土壤Cd添加浓度为0.35mg/kg和1.4mg/kg时，Pb与Cd表现为拮抗作用，Cd抑制了菠菜对Pb的累积；当土壤Cd添加浓度为4.90mg/kg时，Pb与Cd之间的拮抗作用转变为协同作用，Cd促进了菠菜对Pb的吸收。当土壤Pb添加浓度为75mg/kg时，Pb与Cd的复合作用表现为加合作用；当土壤Pb添加浓度为300mg/kg，且土壤Cd含量较高时，Pb开始对菠菜Cd累积产生了一定的抑制了作用；当土壤Pb添加浓度为1050mg/kg时，Pb与Cd之间产生了明显的拮抗作用，即高浓度Pb阻碍了菠菜对Cd的吸收。
8.通过盆栽模拟试验研究了小白菜和菠菜在单一种植和混合种植模式下对Cd的累积效应。小白菜在两种种植方式下Cd累积量并没有显著差异，而菠菜呈现了不同的Cd累积规律。在混合种植模式下，菠菜中Cd含量显著高于单一种植，表现为“协同作用”，即在混合种植时小白菜促进了菠菜对Cd的吸收，该现象的出现可能由于小白菜根系分泌物与Cd形成了利于菠菜吸收的螯合物，而且在混合种植时菠菜与小白菜形成了一种竞争，促进了菠菜根系分泌物的产生，通过溶解、螯合、还原等作用活化了土壤重金属，进而增强了对Cd的累积。因此，菠菜和小白菜不适合进行间作，且不同Cd浓度胁迫下，相对于小白菜菠菜都呈现出了较高的Cd累积能力。
Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, contamination of urban soils ison an increase all over China. The quality of urban agricultural land is closely relatedwith the health of the population. The suburb is the main producing area ofagricultural products, and vegetable production in peri-urban areas is now a key sectorof the urban agricultural economy, therefore, the environmental quality of peri-urbanvegetable fields should be paid more attention to all over the world. Among allchemical contaminates, heavy metals are considered potential hazardous contaminantsin the biosphere to human health. This kind of pollution exhibits the followingcharacteristics: wide range, long time with toxicity, invisibility, easily cumulating,transfer along with food chain and hardly resuming etc. The study on the spatialdistribution characteristics and risks of heavy metals in peri-urban vegetable soils is ofgreat significance to soil environment quality and safety in vegetable production.Using peri-urban vegetable plots in four typical cities (Changchun, Jilin, Siping andSongyuan) in Jilin province, the research carried out field survey, lab analysis and potexperiment. The distribution and cumulative effect of heavy metals in peri-urbanvegetable soils are researched systematically. Then the environmental quality ofvegetable fields was classified as four classes based on the soil environmentalstandard, and we thoroughly studied the accumulation rules of heavy metals underdifferent environmental condition and planting patterns. At last, on the basis of theresearch results, we can guide the safe production of vegetables in study area. Themain results of this study are as follows:
1. The pollution and spatial distributions of heavy metals in the peri-urban vegetable soils in the major cities of Jilin province were made clear. Due to thedifference of the intensity of the human activities and regional differences, theenvironmental quality of vegetable fields in the cities varied greatly. The heavy metalcontents in most of the peri-urban vegetable fields in Changchun, Jilin, Siping andSongyuan exceeded their background values of Jilin province, some exceeded thenational first standard and little reached to the national secondary standard, and Cdwas the major element. The distribution of heavy metals was constrained by bothnatural and contrived factors, and hotspots were mainly distributed in industryconcentrating area and downwind area of prevailing wind.
2. To identify the potential sources of heavy metals in peri-urban vegetable soils.With Changchun and Jilin, for example, the multivariate statistical analysis resultssuggested that Pb, Cu and Zn were consistently from anthropogenic sources, while Crand Ni were from natural sources with low concentrations.
3. To estimate the metal availability in peri-urban vegetable soils. WithChangchun city, for example, the results showed that available metal concentrationsshowed large variability and the CV values exceeded those of the total metal forms. Itis clear that though the total metal concentrations are not perceived to be particularlyhigh, the availability of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn may present a relatively high level andincrease risk of these metals to accumulate to microbial and plant tissues.
4. To evaluate the environmental quality of peri-urban vegetable fields. Singlegene index method and complex pollution indices method were used in this paper toevaluate the environmental quality of peri-urban vegetable fields in Changchun, Jilin,Siping and Songyuan. The environmental quality of most vegetable fields was atguard line and light pollution level, and little fields reached heavily pollution grade.Cr and Ni had relatively low levels of contamination and were less influenced byhumanity. Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd were relatively seriously influenced by anthropogenicactivities, especially for Cd. Spatial distribution of synthetic pollution index inperi-urban vegetable soils indicated that the heavy metal pollution indifferent citiesvaried greatly from regional differences.
5. The environmental quality of vegetable fields in Changchun, Jilin, Siping and Songyuan was classified as four classes based on the soil environmental standard.Most of the vegetable fields in study area were non-pollution vegetable productionbases, some fields could be used as organic and green vegetables bases, and few fieldsrequired risk assessment before being used to grow vegetables, but all of the vegetablefields could be used to grow vegetables.
6. To study the cumulative effect of Pb in Chinese chives under different cuttingfrequency through pot experiment. Lead concentrations in Chinese chives roots werefirst decreasing and then increasing with the increase of cutting frequency over aperiod of time, and extremely low values occurred under cutting twice. Leadconcentrations in Chinese chives stems were increasing with the increase of cuttingfrequency, Pb concentrations in stems had slight decline when cutting five timesunder high Pb pollution. Lead content in Chinese chives leaves were first increasingand then decreasing with the increase of cutting frequency, and extremely high valuesoccurred under cutting three and four times. The concentration and content of Pb inleaves had not risen with the increase of growth time continued to falter, indicatingthat the Pb in Chinese chives leaves was not stationary and had a continued movementwithin the plant.
7. To study the cumulative effect of Pb and Cd in spinach under alone stress andcombined stress through pot experiment. Pb and Cd showed anti-action when the Cdconcentrations in soils were0.35and1.4mg/kg, respectively, indicating that Cd waslimiting Pb absorption. Pb and Cd showed synergy when the Cd concentrations insoils were4.9mg/kg, indicating that Cd was promoting the uptake of Pb by spinach.Pb and Cd showed adding effect when the Pb concentrations in soils were75mg/kg.Pb was limiting Cd absorption when the Pb concentrations in soils were300mg/kg.Pb and Cd showed obvious anti-action when the Pb concentrations in soils were1050mg/kg, indicating that Pb was limiting Cd absorption by spinach.
8. To study the cumulative effect of Cd in spinach and pakchoi under singleplanting system and through pot experiment. Pakchoi did not make significantdifference under different planting ways, but pakchoi showed different accumulativerules. The content of Cd in pakchoi under companion planting system was significantly higher than single planting system, indicating that pakchoi waspromoting the uptake of Cd by spinach under companion planting system. Thephenomenon was likely due to that pakchoi root exudates and Cd formed chelate forbetter uptake by spinach, and spinach and pakchoi formed a competition undercompanion planting system, and then promoted the produce of spinach root exudates.The exudates could activate heavy metals by dissolving, chelation and reduction toincrease the accumulation of Cd by spinach, so spinach and pakchoi were unsuitablefor companion planting, and the capacity of accumulating Cd for spinach was strongerthan pakchoi.
引文
Abdu, N., Abdulkadir, A., Agbenin, J.O., Buerkert, A. Vertical distribution of heavy metals inwastewater-irrigated vegetable garden soils of three West African cities. Nutrient Cycling inAgroecosystems,2011,89(3):387-397.
Adriano, D.C. Trace elements in terrestrial environments.Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability andRisks of Metals. New York: Springer-Verlag,2001.
Agbenin, J.O., Danko, M., Welp, G. Soil and vegetable compositional relationships of eightpotentially toxic metals in urban garden fields from northern Nigeria. Journal of the Scienceof Food and Agriculture,2009,89(1):49-54.
Alvarez, J.M., Lopez-Valdivia, L.M., Novillo, J., Obrador, A., Rico, M.I. Comparison of EDTAand sequential extraction tests for phytoavailability prediction of manganese and zinc inagricultural alkaline soils. Geoderma,2006,132(3-4):450-463.
Artaxo, P., Oyola, P., Martinez, R. Aerosol composition and source apportionment in Santiago deChile. Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactionswith Materials and Atoms,1999,150(1-4):409-416.
Ashworth, D.J., Alloway, B.J. Soil mobility of sewage sludge-derived dissolved organic matter,copper, nickel and zinc. Environmental Pollution,2004,127(1):137-144.
Boluda, R., Andreu, V., Gilabert, M.A., Sobrino, P. Relation between reflectance of rice crop andindexes of pollution by heavy-metals in soils of albufera-natural-park (VALENCIA, SPAIN).Soil Technology,1993,6(4):351-363.
Boruvka, L., Vacek, O., Jehlicka, J. Principal component analysis as a tool to indicate the origin ofpotentially toxic elements in soils. Geoderma,2005,128(3-4):289-300.
Brook, R. M., Davila, J. D. The Peri-Urban Interface: A Tale of Two Cities. London: School ofAgricultural and Forest Science, University of Wales and Development Unit, UniversityCollege,2000.
Cabral, A.R., Lefebvre, G. Use of sequential extraction in the study of heavy metal retention bysilty soils. Water Air and Soil Pollution,1998,102(3-4):329-344.
Carlon, C., Critto, A., Marcomini, A., Nathanail, P. Risk based characterisation of contaminatedindustrial site using multivariate and geostatistical tools. Environmental Pollution,2001,111(3):417-427.
Chabukdhara, M., Nema, A.K. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Hindon Riversediments: A chemometric and geochemical approach. Chemosphere,2012,87(8):945-953.
Charlesworth, S., De Miguel, E., Ordonez, A. A review of the distribution of particulate traceelements in urban terrestrial environments and its application to considerations of risk.Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2011,33(2):103-123.
Charlesworth, S., Everett, M., McCarthy, R., Ordonez, A., de Miguel, E. A comparative study ofheavy metal concentration and distribution in deposited street dusts in a large and a smallurban area: Birmingham and Coventry, West Midlands, UK. Environment International,2003,29(5):563-573.
Chen, X., Xia, X.H., Zhao, Y., Zhang, P. Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils andcorrelation with urban traffic in Beijing, China. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1-3):640-646.
Chen, Y.H., Huang, S.H., Liu, S.H., Wang, G.P., Ding, F., Shao, Z.C., Shen, Z.G. Study of theheavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables in Nanjing area. Resour Environ YangtzeBasin,2006,15:356-360.
Christoforidis, A., Stamatis, N. Heavy metal contamination in street dust and roadside soil alongthe major national road in Kavala's region, Greece. Geoderma,2009,151(3-4):257-263.
Dach, J., Starmans, D. Heavy metals balance in Polish and Dutch agronomy: Actual state andprevisions for the future. Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2005,107(4):309-316.
Dahmani-Muller, H., van Oort, F., Gélie, B., Balabane, M. Strategies of heavy metal uptake bythree plant species growing near a metal smelter. Environmental Pollution,2000,109(2):231-238.
Dai, J., Becquer, T., Rouiller, J.H., Reversat, G., Bernhard-Reversat, F., Nahmani, J., Lavelle, P.Heavy metal accumulation by two earthworm species and its relationship to total andDTPA-extractable metals in soils. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36(1):91-98.
Davies, B.E. Inter-relationships between soil properties and the uptake of cadmium, copper, leadand zinc from contaminated soils by radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Water, Air,&SoilPollution,1992,63(3-4):331-342.
De Miguel, E., Iribarren, I., Chacon, E., Ordonez, A., Charlesworth, S. Risk-based evaluation ofthe exposure of children to trace elements in playgrounds in Madrid (Spain). Chemosphere,2007,66(3):505-513.
De Temmerman, L., Hoenig, M. Vegetable crops for biomonitoring lead and cadmium deposition.Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,2004,49(1-3):121-135.
De Temmerman, L., Vanongeval, L., Boon, W., Hoenig, M., Geypens, M. Heavymetal content ofarable soils in Northern Belgium. Water Air and Soil Pollution,2003,148(1-4):61-76.
Drechsel, P., Graefe, S., Fink, M. Rural-urban food, nutrient and water fows in West Africa.Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI Research Report115,2007.
Dudka, S., Piotrowska, M., Chlopecka, A. Effect of elevated concentrations of Cd and Zn in soilon spring wheat yield and the metal contents of the plants. Water, Air,&Soil Pollution,1994,76(3-4):333-341.
Ehlken, S., Kirchner, G. Environmental processes affecting plant root uptake of radioactive traceelements and variability of transfer factor data: a review. Journal of EnvironmentalRadioactivity,2002,58(2-3):97-112.
Ernst, W.H.O. Bioavailability of heavy metals and decontamination of soils by plants. AppliedGeochemistry,1996,11(1-2):163-167.
ETCS (European Topic Centre Soils). Topic report Contaminated sites. European Env ironm entAgency,1998.
Facchinelli, A., Sacchi, E., Mallen, L. Multivariate statistical and GIS-based approach to identifyheavy metal sources in soils. Environmental Pollution,2001,114(3):313-324.
Fotovat, A., Naidu, R., Sumner, M.E. Water:Soil ratio influences aqueous phase chemistry ofindigenous copper and zinc in soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research,1997,35(4):687-709.
Frangi, J.P., Richard, D. Heavy metal soil pollution cartography in northern France. Science of theTotal Environment,1997,205(1):71-79.
Gallego, J.L.R., Ordonez, A., Loredo, J. Investigation of trace element sources from anindustrialized area (Aviles, northern Spain) using multivariate statistical methods.Environment International,2002,27(7):589-596.
Garcia, R., Millan, E. Assessment of Cd, Pb and Zn contamination in roadside soils and grassesfrom Gipuzkoa (Spain). Chemosphere,1998,37(8):1615-1625.
Gimenogarcia, E., Andreu, V., Boluda, R. Distribution of heavy-metals in rice farming soils.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1995,29(4):476-483.
Golia, E.E., Dimirkou, A., Mitsios, I.K. Influence of some soil parameters on heavy metalsaccumulation by vegetables grown in agricultural soils of different soil orders. Bulletin ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008,81(1):80-84.
Gray, C.W., McLaren, R.G., Roberts, A.H.C. Atmospheric accessions of heavy metals to someNew Zealand pastoral soils. Science of the Total Environment,2003,305(1-3):105-115.
Guo, G.H., Lei, M., Chen, T.B., Song, B., Li, X.Y. Effect of road traffic on heavy metals in roaddusts and roadside soils. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(10):1937-1945.
Hammer, D., Keller, C. Changes in the rhizosphere of metal-accumulating plants evidenced bychemical extractants. Journal of Environmental Quality,2002,31(5):1561-1569.
Harter, R.D. Effect of soil-pH on adsorption of lead, copper, zinc, and nickel. Soil Science Societyof America Journal,1983,47(1):47-51.
Ho, Y.B., Tai, K.M. Elevated levels of lead and other metals in roadside soil and grass and theiruse to monitor aerial metal depositions in Hong-Kong. Environmental Pollution,1988,49(1):37-51.
Huang, B., Shi, X., Yu, D., born, I., Blomb ck, K., Pagella, T.F., Wang, H., Sun, W., Sinclair,F.L. Environmental assessment of small-scale vegetable farming systems in peri-urban areasof the Yangtze River Delta Region, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems&Environment,2006,112(4):391-402.
Imperato, M., Adamo, P., Naimo, D., Arienzo, M., Stanzione, D., Violante, P. Spatial distributionof heavy metals in urban soils of Naples city (Italy). Environmental Pollution,2003,124(2):247-256.
Inigo, V., Andrades, M.S., Alonso-Martirena, J.I., Marin, A., Jimenez-Ballesta, R. SpatialVariability of Cadmium and Lead in Natural Soils of a Humid Mediterranean Environment:La Rioja, Spain. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2013,64(4):594-604.
Iqbal, J., Shah, M.H. Distribution, correlation and risk assessment of selected metals in urban soilsfrom Islamabad, Pakistan. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,192(2):887-898.
Jansen, H.G.P., Midmore, D.J., Binh, P.T., Valasayya, S., Tru, L.C. Profitability and sustainabilityof peri-urban vegetable production systems in Vietnam. Netherlands Journal of AgriculturalScience,1996,44(2):125-143.
Johansson, L., Westerlund, L. Energy savings in indoor swimming-pools: comparison betweendifferent heat-recovery systems. Applied Energy,2001,70(4):281-303.
Kabata-Pendias, A., Pendias, H. Trace elements in soils and plants. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press,2001.
Kersten, M., Fo¨rstner, U. Speciation of trace elements in sediments. In: Batley, G.E.(Ed.), TraceElement Speciation: Analytical Methods and Problems. Boca Raton: CRC Press,1989.
Keller, C., Hammer, D. Metal availability and soil toxicity after repeated croppings of Thlaspicaerulescens in metal contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution,2004,131(2):243-254.
Khan, S., Cao, Q., Zheng, Y.M., Huang, Y.Z., Zhu, Y.G. Health risks of heavy metals incontaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China.Environmental Pollution,2008,152(3):686-692.
Kumar-Sharma, R., Agrawal, M., Marshall, F. Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetablesin suburban areas of Varanasi, India. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety,2007,66(2):258-266.
Kurz, H., Schulz, R., Romheld, V. Selection of cultivars to reduce the concentration of cadmiumand thallium in food and fodder plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science-ZeitschriftFur Pflanzenernahrung Und Bodenkunde,1999,162(3):323-328.
Lee, C.S., Li, X.D., Shi, W.Z., Cheung, S.C., Thornton, I. Metal contamination in urban, suburban,and country park soils of Hong Kong: A study based on GIS and multivariate statistics.Science of the Total Environment,2006,356(1-3):45-61.
Li, J., Lu, Y., Yin, W., Gan, H., Zhang, C., Deng, X., Lian, J. Distribution of heavy metals inagricultural soils near a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China. Environ Monit Assess,2009,153(1-4):365-375.
Li, X.D., Lee, S.L., Wong, S.C., Shi, W.Z., Thornton, L. The study of metal contamination inurban soils of Hong Kong using a GIS-based approach. Environmental Pollution,2004,129(1):113-124.
Liu, N.Y., Ma, X.F., Xie, Z.L., Guo, P. The acaumulation of heavy metals and microbialcharacteristics in urban soils of Changchun. Journal of Jiling University (Earth ScienceEdition),2004,34:134-138.
Liu, W.H., Zhao, J.Z., Ouyang, Z.Y., Soderlund, L., Liu, G.H. Impacts of sewage irrigation onheavy metal distribution and contamination in Beijing, China. Environment International,2005,31(6):805-812.
Lynch, K., Binns, T., Olofin, E. Urban agriculture under threat: The land security question inKano, Nigeria. Cities,2001,18(3):159-171.
Massas, I., Ehaliotis, C., Kalivas, D., Panagopoulou, G. Concentrations and Availability Indicatorsof Soil Heavy Metals; the Case of Children's Playgrounds in the City of Athens (Greece).Water Air and Soil Pollution,2010,212(1-4):51-63.
McBride, M., Sauve, S., Hendershot, W. Solubility control of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in contaminatedsoils. European Journal of Soil Science,1997,48(2):337-346.
McKenzie, R. The adsorption of lead and other heavy metals on oxides of manganese and iron.Soil Research,1980,18(1):61-73.
McLaughlin, M.J., Parker, D.R., Clarke, J.M. Metals and micronutrients-food safety issues. FieldCrops Research,1999,60(1-2):143-163.
Mellor, A., Bevan, J.R. Lead in the Soils and Stream Sediments of an Urban Catchment inTyneside, UK. Water, Air,&Soil Pollution,1999,112(3-4):327-348.
Meng, X.X., Li, S.Z. Study on Backgrond Value of Soil Environment of the Jilin Province.Beijing: Science,1995.
Mico, C., Recatala, L., Peris, A., Sanchez, J. Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils ofan European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis. Chemosphere,2006,65(5):863-872.
Midmore, D.J., Jansen, H.G.P. Supplying vegetables to Asian cities: is there a case for peri-urbanproduction? Food Policy,2003,28(1):13-27.
Moller, A., Muller, H.W., Abdullah, A., Abdelgawad, G., Utermann, J. Urban soil pollution inDamascus, Syria: concentrations and patterns of heavy metals in the soils of the DamascusGhouta. Geoderma,2005,124(1-2):63-71.
Moolenaar, S.W., Lexmond, T.M., van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M. Calculating heavy metalaccumulation in soil: a comparison of methods illustrated by a case-study on compostapplication. Agriculture, Ecosystems&Environment,1997,66(1):71-82.
Muller, M., Anke, M. DISTRIBUTION OF CADMIUM IN THE FOOD-CHAIN(SOIL-PLANT-HUMAN) OF A CADMIUM EXPOSED AREA AND THE HEALTHRISKS OF THE GENERAL-POPULATION. Science of the Total Environment,1994,156(2):151-158.
Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E. Total Carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Page, A.L.,Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R.(Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part2,2nd ed. Agron, Madison,WI: Chemical and Microbiological Properties,1982.
Nguni D, Mwila G. Opportunities for increased production, utilization and income generationfrom African leafy vegetables in Zambia. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev,2007,7(4):1-20.
Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J., Williams, J.R., Unwin, R.J. Heavy metal contents of livestockfeeds and animal manures in England and Wales. Bioresource Technology,1999,70(1):23-31.
Oves, M., Khan, M., Zaidi, A., Ahmad, E., Soil Contamination, Nutritive Value, and HumanHealth Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals: An Overview. In Toxicity of Heavy Metals toLegumes and Bioremediation, Zaidi, A.; Wani, P. A.; Khan, M. S., Eds. Springer Vienna:2012:1-27.
Pascual, S., Abollo, E. Whaleworms as a tag to map zones of heavy-metal pollution. Trends inParasitology,2005,21(5):204-206.
Peris, M., Mico, C., Recatala, L., Sanchez, R., Sanchez, J. Heavy metal contents in horticulturalcrops of a representative area of the European Mediterranean region. Science of the TotalEnvironment,2007,378(1-2):42-48.
Piccolo, A., Zaccheo, P., Genevini, P.G. Chemical characterization of humic substances extractedfrom organic-waste-amended soils. Bioresource Technology,1992,40(3):275-282.
Pueyo, M., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Rauret, G. Assessment of CaCl2, NaNO3and NH4NO3extraction procedures for the study of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn extractability in contaminated soils.Analytica Chimica Acta,2004,504(2):217-226.
Quevauviller, P., Lachica, M., Barahona, M.E., Rauret, G., Ure, A., Go′mez, A., Muntau, H. TheCertification of the EDTA-Extractable Contents (Mass Fractions) of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Znand of the DTPA-Extractable Contents (Mass Fractions) of Cd and Ni in Calcareous Soil bythe Extraction Procedures Given, CRM600. Brussels: Report EUR17555EN, EuropeanCommission,1997.
Rauret, G., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Bacon, J., Go′mez, A., Muntau, H., Quevauviller, Ph.Certification of the Contents (Mass Fractions) of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in anOrganic-Rich Soil Following Harmonised EDTA and Acetic Acid Extraction Procedures,BCR-700. Brussels: Report EUR19774EN, European Commission,2001.
Rauret, G., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Sahuquillo, A., Rubio, R., Davidson, C., Ure, A., Quevauviller, P.Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certificationof new sediment and soil reference materials. Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1999,1(1):57-61.
Reimann, C., De Caritat, P. Distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic sources forelements in the environment: regional geochemical surveys versus enrichment factors.Science of the Total Environment,2005,337(1-3):91-107.
Reimann, C., Koller, F., Frengstad, B., Kashulina, G., Niskavaara, H., Englmaier, P. Comparisonof the element composition in several plant species and their substrate from a1500000-km(2) area in Northern Europe. Science of the Total Environment,2001,278(1-3):87-112.
Sastre, J., Hernandez, E., Rodriguez, R., Alcobe, X., Vidal, M., Rauret, G. Use of sorption andextraction tests to predict the dynamics of the interaction of trace elements in agriculturalsoils contaminated by a mine tailing accident. Science of the Total Environment,2004,329(1-3):261-281.
Shine, J.P., Ika, R.V., Ford, T.E. Multivariate statistical examination of spatial and temporalpatterns of heavy-metal contamination in new-bedford harbor marine-sediments.Environmental Science&Technology,1995,29(7):1781-1788.
Singh, S.P., Tack, F.M., Verloo, M.G. Heavy metal fractionation and extractability in dredgedsediment derived surface soils. Water Air and Soil Pollution,1998,102(3-4):313-328.
Smith, W.H. Lead contamination of the roadside ecosystem. Journal of the Air Pollution ControlAssociation,1976,26(8):753-766.
Stevenson, F.J. Humus chemistry: genesis, composition, reactions,2nd edn. New York: John Wileyand Sons,1994.
Sutherland, R.A. Comparison between non-residual Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn released bya three-step sequential extraction procedure and a dilute hydrochloric acid leach for soil androad deposited sediment. Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(4):353-365.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., Bisson, M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation ofparticulate trace-metals. Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
Teutsch, N., Erel, Y., Halicz, L., Banin, A. Distribution of natural and anthropogenic lead inMediterranean soils. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2001,65(17):2853-2864.
Tiller, K.G., Heavy Metals in soils and their environmental significance. In Advances in SoilScience, Stewart, B. A., Ed. Springer US,1989,9:113-142.
Ure, A.M., Quevauviller, P., Muntau, H., Griepink, B. Speciation of heavy-metals in soils andsediments-an account of the improvement and harmonization of extraction techniquesundertaken under the auspices of the BCR of the Commission-of-the-European-Communities.International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1993,51(1-4):135-151.
Weckwerth, G. Verification of traffic emitted aerosol components in the ambient air of Cologne(Germany). Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(32):5525-5536.
Yalcin, M.G., Ilhan, S. Multivariate analyses to determine the origin of potentially harmful heavymetals in beach and dune sediments from KizKalesi Coast (Mersin), Turkey. Bulletin ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008,81(1):57-68.
Yang, P.G., Mao, R.Z., Shao, H.B., Gao, Y.F. The spatial variability of heavy metal distribution inthe suburban farmland of Taihang Piedmont Plain, China. Comptes Rendus Biologies,2009,332(6):558-566.
Yang, Z., Lu, W., Long, Y., Bao, X., Yang, Q. Assessment of heavy metals contamination inurban topsoil from Changchun City, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2011,108(1):27-38.
Yaylali-Abanuz, G. Heavy metal contamination of surface soil around Gebze industrial area,Turkey. Microchemical Journal,2011,99(1):82-92.
Younas, M., Shahzad, F., Afzal, S., Khan, M.I., Ali, K. Assessment of Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pbpollution in Lahore, Pakistan. Environment International,1998,24(7):761-766.
Zhang, C.B., Wu, L.H., Luo, Y.M., Zhang, H.B., Christie, P. Identifying sources of soil inorganicpollutants on a regional scale using a multivariate statistical approach: Role of pollutantmigration and soil physicochemical properties. Environmental Pollution,2008,151(3):470-476.
Zhang, C.S. Using multivariate analyses and GIS to identify pollutants and their spatial patterns inurban soils in Galway, Ireland. Environmental Pollution,2006,142(3):501-511.
Zhang, C.S., Selinus, O., Kjellstrom, G. Discrimination between natural background andanthropogenic pollution in environmental geochemistry-exemplified in an area ofsouth-eastern Sweden. Science of the Total Environment,1999,243:129-140.
Zhang, M.K., Liu, Z.Y., Wang, H. Use of Single Extraction Methods to Predict Bioavailability ofHeavy Metals in Polluted Soils to Rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2010,41(7):820-831.
Zhao, Y.F., Shi, X.Z., Huang, B., Yu, D.S., Wang, H.J., Sun, W.X., Oboern, I., Blomback, K.Spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils of an industry-based peri-urban areain Wuxi, China. Pedosphere,2007,17(1):44-51.
陈怀满,郑春荣.复合污染与交互作用研究——农业环境保护中研究的热点与难点.农业环境保护,2002,(02):192.
陈同斌,陈志军.水溶性有机质对土壤中镉吸附行为的影响.应用生态学报,2002,(02):183-186.
董占荣.猪粪中的重金属对菜园土壤和蔬菜重金属积累的影响.硕士,浙江大学,2006.
窦磊,周永章,王旭日,杨志军,彭先芝,李秀娟.针对土壤重金属污染评价的模糊数学模型的改进及应用.土壤通报,2007,(01):101-105.
付美云.垃圾渗滤液的环境污染特征及其研究进展.南华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,(02):90-95.
付美云,周立祥.垃圾渗滤液水溶性有机物对土壤Pb溶出的影响.环境科学,2007,(02):243-248.
郭朝晖,肖细元,陈同斌,廖晓勇,宋杰,武斌.湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染.地理学报,2008,(01):3-11.
高文文.农田黑土镉、砷污染生态风险分析-以长春市郊为例.硕士学位论文,2010.
郭平,谢忠雷,李军,周琳峰.长春市土壤重金属污染特征及其潜在生态风险评价.地理科学,2005,(01):108-112.
胡文.土壤—植物系统中重金属的生物有效性及其影响因素的研究.博士,北京林业大学,2008.
蒋成爱,吴启堂,吴顺辉,龙新宪.东南景天与不同植物混作对土壤重金属吸收的影响.中国环境科学,2009,(09):985-990.
寇士伟,倪高风,马岚婷,李孟斌,吴锦,谢素,亦如瀚. Cd-Pb-Cu复合污染对芥菜生长及生理特性的影响.环境科学研究,2011,(03):281-286.
吉林省统计年鉴.吉林省统计局.北京:中国统计出版社,2012.
李森照,罗金发,孟维奇.中国污水灌溉与环境质量控制.北京:气象出版社,1999.
李廷强,杨肖娥.土壤中水溶性有机质及其对重金属化学与生物行为的影响.应用生态学报,2004,(06):1083-1087.
李先国,范晓明,彭学伟,张庆红.天然水环境中的溶解有机物及其光化学降解对重金属生物可利用性的影响.中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2010,(01):75-81.
梁称福,陈正法,刘明月.蔬菜重金属污染研究进展.湖南农业科学,2002,(04):45-48.
廖琴,王胜利,南忠仁,晋王强,武文飞.干旱区绿洲土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni复合污染对芹菜的影响及其富集迁移规律.干旱区资源与环境,2011,(07):173-177.
林青.土壤中重金属Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb吸附及迁移的实验研究.硕士,青岛大学,2008.
刘崇洪.几种土壤质量评价方法的比较.干旱环境监测,1996,(01):26-29.
刘海军,陈源泉,隋鹏,高旺盛,姜莉,汪洪焦,张敏.马唐与玉米间作对镉的富集效果研究初探.中国农学通报,2009,(15):206-210.
刘霞,刘树庆,唐兆宏.河北主要土壤中Cd、Pb形态与油菜有效性的关系.生态学报,2002,(10):1688-1694.
鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
梅廷林.现有环境质量评价方法可能存在的虚假性.云南环境科学,1999,(03):59-60.
莫争,王春霞,陈琴,王子健.重金属Cu Pb Zn Cr Cd在土壤中的形态分布和转化.农业环境保护,2002,(01):9-12.
乔胜英,李望成,何方,韩吟文,唐俊红.漳州市城市土壤重金属含量特征及控制因素.地球化学,2005,(06):97-104.
尚爱安,刘玉荣,梁重山,党志.土壤中重金属的生物有效性研究进展.土壤,2000,(06):294-300.
孙贤斌,李玉成,张小平,王宗英.淮南市重金属污染对土壤动物群落和多样性影响研究.生态学杂志,2005,(10):1163-1166.
王艮梅,周立祥.水溶性有机物在土壤剖面中的分馏及对Cu迁移的作用.环境科学,2006,(06):1229-1234.
王辉,董元华,安琼.南京市郊区蔬菜地土壤环境质量评价.土壤,2005,(03):295-298.
王新,周启星.外源镉铅铜锌在土壤中形态分布特性及改性剂的影响.农业环境科学学报,2003,(05):541-545.
王学松,秦勇.徐州城市表层土壤中重金属环境风险测度与源解析.地球化学,2006,(01):88-94.
王兆炜,南忠仁,赵转军,王胜利,武文飞,廖琴.干旱区绿洲土壤Cd、Pb单一与复合污染下芹菜重金属累积特征研究.土壤通报,2011,(05):1256-1262.
晓云.我国土壤重金属污染.金属世界,2000,(02):10.
谢季坚,刘承平.模糊数学方法及其应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2000.
许前欣,赵振达,李秀文,于彩虹.钾肥对蔬菜产量品质效应的研究.土壤肥料,1999,(02):23-25.
阳文锐,王如松,黄锦楼,陈展,李锋.反距离加权插值法在污染场地评价中的应用.应用生态学报,2007,(09):2013-2018.
姚春霞,陈振楼,张菊,侯进.上海浦东部分蔬菜重金属污染评价.农业环境科学学报,2005,(04):761-765.
叶舒娅,朱宏斌,王文军,武际.不同氮钾施用水平对胡萝卜产量和品质的影响.安徽农业科学,2000,(04):497-498.
曾希柏,杨佳波,李莲芳,白玲玉.溶解性有机物对土壤中铜生物有效性的影响.农业环境科学学报,2009,(05):883-889.
周焱.加强肥料规范化管理控制蔬菜重金属污染.环境污染与防治,2003,(05):281-282.
周艺敏,张金盛,任顺荣,王正祥,赵振达.天津市园田土壤和几种蔬菜中重金属含量状况的调查研究.农业环境科学学报,1990,(06):30-34.
Adriano, D.C. Trace elements in terrestrial environments.Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability andRisks of Metals. New York: Springer-Verlag,2001.
Agbenin, J.O., Danko, M., Welp, G. Soil and vegetable compositional relationships of eightpotentially toxic metals in urban garden fields from northern Nigeria. Journal of the Scienceof Food and Agriculture,2009,89(1):49-54.
Alvarez, J.M., Lopez-Valdivia, L.M., Novillo, J., Obrador, A., Rico, M.I. Comparison of EDTAand sequential extraction tests for phytoavailability prediction of manganese and zinc inagricultural alkaline soils. Geoderma,2006,132(3-4):450-463.
Artaxo, P., Oyola, P., Martinez, R. Aerosol composition and source apportionment in Santiago deChile. Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactionswith Materials and Atoms,1999,150(1-4):409-416.
Ashworth, D.J., Alloway, B.J. Soil mobility of sewage sludge-derived dissolved organic matter,copper, nickel and zinc. Environmental Pollution,2004,127(1):137-144.
Boluda, R., Andreu, V., Gilabert, M.A., Sobrino, P. Relation between reflectance of rice crop andindexes of pollution by heavy-metals in soils of albufera-natural-park (VALENCIA, SPAIN).Soil Technology,1993,6(4):351-363.
Boruvka, L., Vacek, O., Jehlicka, J. Principal component analysis as a tool to indicate the origin ofpotentially toxic elements in soils. Geoderma,2005,128(3-4):289-300.
Brook, R. M., Davila, J. D. The Peri-Urban Interface: A Tale of Two Cities. London: School ofAgricultural and Forest Science, University of Wales and Development Unit, UniversityCollege,2000.
Cabral, A.R., Lefebvre, G. Use of sequential extraction in the study of heavy metal retention bysilty soils. Water Air and Soil Pollution,1998,102(3-4):329-344.
Carlon, C., Critto, A., Marcomini, A., Nathanail, P. Risk based characterisation of contaminatedindustrial site using multivariate and geostatistical tools. Environmental Pollution,2001,111(3):417-427.
Chabukdhara, M., Nema, A.K. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Hindon Riversediments: A chemometric and geochemical approach. Chemosphere,2012,87(8):945-953.
Charlesworth, S., De Miguel, E., Ordonez, A. A review of the distribution of particulate traceelements in urban terrestrial environments and its application to considerations of risk.Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2011,33(2):103-123.
Charlesworth, S., Everett, M., McCarthy, R., Ordonez, A., de Miguel, E. A comparative study ofheavy metal concentration and distribution in deposited street dusts in a large and a smallurban area: Birmingham and Coventry, West Midlands, UK. Environment International,2003,29(5):563-573.
Chen, X., Xia, X.H., Zhao, Y., Zhang, P. Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils andcorrelation with urban traffic in Beijing, China. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1-3):640-646.
Chen, Y.H., Huang, S.H., Liu, S.H., Wang, G.P., Ding, F., Shao, Z.C., Shen, Z.G. Study of theheavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables in Nanjing area. Resour Environ YangtzeBasin,2006,15:356-360.
Christoforidis, A., Stamatis, N. Heavy metal contamination in street dust and roadside soil alongthe major national road in Kavala's region, Greece. Geoderma,2009,151(3-4):257-263.
Dach, J., Starmans, D. Heavy metals balance in Polish and Dutch agronomy: Actual state andprevisions for the future. Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2005,107(4):309-316.
Dahmani-Muller, H., van Oort, F., Gélie, B., Balabane, M. Strategies of heavy metal uptake bythree plant species growing near a metal smelter. Environmental Pollution,2000,109(2):231-238.
Dai, J., Becquer, T., Rouiller, J.H., Reversat, G., Bernhard-Reversat, F., Nahmani, J., Lavelle, P.Heavy metal accumulation by two earthworm species and its relationship to total andDTPA-extractable metals in soils. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2004,36(1):91-98.
Davies, B.E. Inter-relationships between soil properties and the uptake of cadmium, copper, leadand zinc from contaminated soils by radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Water, Air,&SoilPollution,1992,63(3-4):331-342.
De Miguel, E., Iribarren, I., Chacon, E., Ordonez, A., Charlesworth, S. Risk-based evaluation ofthe exposure of children to trace elements in playgrounds in Madrid (Spain). Chemosphere,2007,66(3):505-513.
De Temmerman, L., Hoenig, M. Vegetable crops for biomonitoring lead and cadmium deposition.Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,2004,49(1-3):121-135.
De Temmerman, L., Vanongeval, L., Boon, W., Hoenig, M., Geypens, M. Heavymetal content ofarable soils in Northern Belgium. Water Air and Soil Pollution,2003,148(1-4):61-76.
Drechsel, P., Graefe, S., Fink, M. Rural-urban food, nutrient and water fows in West Africa.Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI Research Report115,2007.
Dudka, S., Piotrowska, M., Chlopecka, A. Effect of elevated concentrations of Cd and Zn in soilon spring wheat yield and the metal contents of the plants. Water, Air,&Soil Pollution,1994,76(3-4):333-341.
Ehlken, S., Kirchner, G. Environmental processes affecting plant root uptake of radioactive traceelements and variability of transfer factor data: a review. Journal of EnvironmentalRadioactivity,2002,58(2-3):97-112.
Ernst, W.H.O. Bioavailability of heavy metals and decontamination of soils by plants. AppliedGeochemistry,1996,11(1-2):163-167.
ETCS (European Topic Centre Soils). Topic report Contaminated sites. European Env ironm entAgency,1998.
Facchinelli, A., Sacchi, E., Mallen, L. Multivariate statistical and GIS-based approach to identifyheavy metal sources in soils. Environmental Pollution,2001,114(3):313-324.
Fotovat, A., Naidu, R., Sumner, M.E. Water:Soil ratio influences aqueous phase chemistry ofindigenous copper and zinc in soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research,1997,35(4):687-709.
Frangi, J.P., Richard, D. Heavy metal soil pollution cartography in northern France. Science of theTotal Environment,1997,205(1):71-79.
Gallego, J.L.R., Ordonez, A., Loredo, J. Investigation of trace element sources from anindustrialized area (Aviles, northern Spain) using multivariate statistical methods.Environment International,2002,27(7):589-596.
Garcia, R., Millan, E. Assessment of Cd, Pb and Zn contamination in roadside soils and grassesfrom Gipuzkoa (Spain). Chemosphere,1998,37(8):1615-1625.
Gimenogarcia, E., Andreu, V., Boluda, R. Distribution of heavy-metals in rice farming soils.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1995,29(4):476-483.
Golia, E.E., Dimirkou, A., Mitsios, I.K. Influence of some soil parameters on heavy metalsaccumulation by vegetables grown in agricultural soils of different soil orders. Bulletin ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008,81(1):80-84.
Gray, C.W., McLaren, R.G., Roberts, A.H.C. Atmospheric accessions of heavy metals to someNew Zealand pastoral soils. Science of the Total Environment,2003,305(1-3):105-115.
Guo, G.H., Lei, M., Chen, T.B., Song, B., Li, X.Y. Effect of road traffic on heavy metals in roaddusts and roadside soils. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(10):1937-1945.
Hammer, D., Keller, C. Changes in the rhizosphere of metal-accumulating plants evidenced bychemical extractants. Journal of Environmental Quality,2002,31(5):1561-1569.
Harter, R.D. Effect of soil-pH on adsorption of lead, copper, zinc, and nickel. Soil Science Societyof America Journal,1983,47(1):47-51.
Ho, Y.B., Tai, K.M. Elevated levels of lead and other metals in roadside soil and grass and theiruse to monitor aerial metal depositions in Hong-Kong. Environmental Pollution,1988,49(1):37-51.
Huang, B., Shi, X., Yu, D., born, I., Blomb ck, K., Pagella, T.F., Wang, H., Sun, W., Sinclair,F.L. Environmental assessment of small-scale vegetable farming systems in peri-urban areasof the Yangtze River Delta Region, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems&Environment,2006,112(4):391-402.
Imperato, M., Adamo, P., Naimo, D., Arienzo, M., Stanzione, D., Violante, P. Spatial distributionof heavy metals in urban soils of Naples city (Italy). Environmental Pollution,2003,124(2):247-256.
Inigo, V., Andrades, M.S., Alonso-Martirena, J.I., Marin, A., Jimenez-Ballesta, R. SpatialVariability of Cadmium and Lead in Natural Soils of a Humid Mediterranean Environment:La Rioja, Spain. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2013,64(4):594-604.
Iqbal, J., Shah, M.H. Distribution, correlation and risk assessment of selected metals in urban soilsfrom Islamabad, Pakistan. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,192(2):887-898.
Jansen, H.G.P., Midmore, D.J., Binh, P.T., Valasayya, S., Tru, L.C. Profitability and sustainabilityof peri-urban vegetable production systems in Vietnam. Netherlands Journal of AgriculturalScience,1996,44(2):125-143.
Johansson, L., Westerlund, L. Energy savings in indoor swimming-pools: comparison betweendifferent heat-recovery systems. Applied Energy,2001,70(4):281-303.
Kabata-Pendias, A., Pendias, H. Trace elements in soils and plants. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press,2001.
Kersten, M., Fo¨rstner, U. Speciation of trace elements in sediments. In: Batley, G.E.(Ed.), TraceElement Speciation: Analytical Methods and Problems. Boca Raton: CRC Press,1989.
Keller, C., Hammer, D. Metal availability and soil toxicity after repeated croppings of Thlaspicaerulescens in metal contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution,2004,131(2):243-254.
Khan, S., Cao, Q., Zheng, Y.M., Huang, Y.Z., Zhu, Y.G. Health risks of heavy metals incontaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China.Environmental Pollution,2008,152(3):686-692.
Kumar-Sharma, R., Agrawal, M., Marshall, F. Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetablesin suburban areas of Varanasi, India. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety,2007,66(2):258-266.
Kurz, H., Schulz, R., Romheld, V. Selection of cultivars to reduce the concentration of cadmiumand thallium in food and fodder plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science-ZeitschriftFur Pflanzenernahrung Und Bodenkunde,1999,162(3):323-328.
Lee, C.S., Li, X.D., Shi, W.Z., Cheung, S.C., Thornton, I. Metal contamination in urban, suburban,and country park soils of Hong Kong: A study based on GIS and multivariate statistics.Science of the Total Environment,2006,356(1-3):45-61.
Li, J., Lu, Y., Yin, W., Gan, H., Zhang, C., Deng, X., Lian, J. Distribution of heavy metals inagricultural soils near a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China. Environ Monit Assess,2009,153(1-4):365-375.
Li, X.D., Lee, S.L., Wong, S.C., Shi, W.Z., Thornton, L. The study of metal contamination inurban soils of Hong Kong using a GIS-based approach. Environmental Pollution,2004,129(1):113-124.
Liu, N.Y., Ma, X.F., Xie, Z.L., Guo, P. The acaumulation of heavy metals and microbialcharacteristics in urban soils of Changchun. Journal of Jiling University (Earth ScienceEdition),2004,34:134-138.
Liu, W.H., Zhao, J.Z., Ouyang, Z.Y., Soderlund, L., Liu, G.H. Impacts of sewage irrigation onheavy metal distribution and contamination in Beijing, China. Environment International,2005,31(6):805-812.
Lynch, K., Binns, T., Olofin, E. Urban agriculture under threat: The land security question inKano, Nigeria. Cities,2001,18(3):159-171.
Massas, I., Ehaliotis, C., Kalivas, D., Panagopoulou, G. Concentrations and Availability Indicatorsof Soil Heavy Metals; the Case of Children's Playgrounds in the City of Athens (Greece).Water Air and Soil Pollution,2010,212(1-4):51-63.
McBride, M., Sauve, S., Hendershot, W. Solubility control of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in contaminatedsoils. European Journal of Soil Science,1997,48(2):337-346.
McKenzie, R. The adsorption of lead and other heavy metals on oxides of manganese and iron.Soil Research,1980,18(1):61-73.
McLaughlin, M.J., Parker, D.R., Clarke, J.M. Metals and micronutrients-food safety issues. FieldCrops Research,1999,60(1-2):143-163.
Mellor, A., Bevan, J.R. Lead in the Soils and Stream Sediments of an Urban Catchment inTyneside, UK. Water, Air,&Soil Pollution,1999,112(3-4):327-348.
Meng, X.X., Li, S.Z. Study on Backgrond Value of Soil Environment of the Jilin Province.Beijing: Science,1995.
Mico, C., Recatala, L., Peris, A., Sanchez, J. Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils ofan European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis. Chemosphere,2006,65(5):863-872.
Midmore, D.J., Jansen, H.G.P. Supplying vegetables to Asian cities: is there a case for peri-urbanproduction? Food Policy,2003,28(1):13-27.
Moller, A., Muller, H.W., Abdullah, A., Abdelgawad, G., Utermann, J. Urban soil pollution inDamascus, Syria: concentrations and patterns of heavy metals in the soils of the DamascusGhouta. Geoderma,2005,124(1-2):63-71.
Moolenaar, S.W., Lexmond, T.M., van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M. Calculating heavy metalaccumulation in soil: a comparison of methods illustrated by a case-study on compostapplication. Agriculture, Ecosystems&Environment,1997,66(1):71-82.
Muller, M., Anke, M. DISTRIBUTION OF CADMIUM IN THE FOOD-CHAIN(SOIL-PLANT-HUMAN) OF A CADMIUM EXPOSED AREA AND THE HEALTHRISKS OF THE GENERAL-POPULATION. Science of the Total Environment,1994,156(2):151-158.
Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E. Total Carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Page, A.L.,Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R.(Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part2,2nd ed. Agron, Madison,WI: Chemical and Microbiological Properties,1982.
Nguni D, Mwila G. Opportunities for increased production, utilization and income generationfrom African leafy vegetables in Zambia. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev,2007,7(4):1-20.
Nicholson, F.A., Chambers, B.J., Williams, J.R., Unwin, R.J. Heavy metal contents of livestockfeeds and animal manures in England and Wales. Bioresource Technology,1999,70(1):23-31.
Oves, M., Khan, M., Zaidi, A., Ahmad, E., Soil Contamination, Nutritive Value, and HumanHealth Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals: An Overview. In Toxicity of Heavy Metals toLegumes and Bioremediation, Zaidi, A.; Wani, P. A.; Khan, M. S., Eds. Springer Vienna:2012:1-27.
Pascual, S., Abollo, E. Whaleworms as a tag to map zones of heavy-metal pollution. Trends inParasitology,2005,21(5):204-206.
Peris, M., Mico, C., Recatala, L., Sanchez, R., Sanchez, J. Heavy metal contents in horticulturalcrops of a representative area of the European Mediterranean region. Science of the TotalEnvironment,2007,378(1-2):42-48.
Piccolo, A., Zaccheo, P., Genevini, P.G. Chemical characterization of humic substances extractedfrom organic-waste-amended soils. Bioresource Technology,1992,40(3):275-282.
Pueyo, M., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Rauret, G. Assessment of CaCl2, NaNO3and NH4NO3extraction procedures for the study of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn extractability in contaminated soils.Analytica Chimica Acta,2004,504(2):217-226.
Quevauviller, P., Lachica, M., Barahona, M.E., Rauret, G., Ure, A., Go′mez, A., Muntau, H. TheCertification of the EDTA-Extractable Contents (Mass Fractions) of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Znand of the DTPA-Extractable Contents (Mass Fractions) of Cd and Ni in Calcareous Soil bythe Extraction Procedures Given, CRM600. Brussels: Report EUR17555EN, EuropeanCommission,1997.
Rauret, G., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Bacon, J., Go′mez, A., Muntau, H., Quevauviller, Ph.Certification of the Contents (Mass Fractions) of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in anOrganic-Rich Soil Following Harmonised EDTA and Acetic Acid Extraction Procedures,BCR-700. Brussels: Report EUR19774EN, European Commission,2001.
Rauret, G., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Sahuquillo, A., Rubio, R., Davidson, C., Ure, A., Quevauviller, P.Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certificationof new sediment and soil reference materials. Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1999,1(1):57-61.
Reimann, C., De Caritat, P. Distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic sources forelements in the environment: regional geochemical surveys versus enrichment factors.Science of the Total Environment,2005,337(1-3):91-107.
Reimann, C., Koller, F., Frengstad, B., Kashulina, G., Niskavaara, H., Englmaier, P. Comparisonof the element composition in several plant species and their substrate from a1500000-km(2) area in Northern Europe. Science of the Total Environment,2001,278(1-3):87-112.
Sastre, J., Hernandez, E., Rodriguez, R., Alcobe, X., Vidal, M., Rauret, G. Use of sorption andextraction tests to predict the dynamics of the interaction of trace elements in agriculturalsoils contaminated by a mine tailing accident. Science of the Total Environment,2004,329(1-3):261-281.
Shine, J.P., Ika, R.V., Ford, T.E. Multivariate statistical examination of spatial and temporalpatterns of heavy-metal contamination in new-bedford harbor marine-sediments.Environmental Science&Technology,1995,29(7):1781-1788.
Singh, S.P., Tack, F.M., Verloo, M.G. Heavy metal fractionation and extractability in dredgedsediment derived surface soils. Water Air and Soil Pollution,1998,102(3-4):313-328.
Smith, W.H. Lead contamination of the roadside ecosystem. Journal of the Air Pollution ControlAssociation,1976,26(8):753-766.
Stevenson, F.J. Humus chemistry: genesis, composition, reactions,2nd edn. New York: John Wileyand Sons,1994.
Sutherland, R.A. Comparison between non-residual Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn released bya three-step sequential extraction procedure and a dilute hydrochloric acid leach for soil androad deposited sediment. Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(4):353-365.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., Bisson, M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation ofparticulate trace-metals. Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
Teutsch, N., Erel, Y., Halicz, L., Banin, A. Distribution of natural and anthropogenic lead inMediterranean soils. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2001,65(17):2853-2864.
Tiller, K.G., Heavy Metals in soils and their environmental significance. In Advances in SoilScience, Stewart, B. A., Ed. Springer US,1989,9:113-142.
Ure, A.M., Quevauviller, P., Muntau, H., Griepink, B. Speciation of heavy-metals in soils andsediments-an account of the improvement and harmonization of extraction techniquesundertaken under the auspices of the BCR of the Commission-of-the-European-Communities.International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1993,51(1-4):135-151.
Weckwerth, G. Verification of traffic emitted aerosol components in the ambient air of Cologne(Germany). Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(32):5525-5536.
Yalcin, M.G., Ilhan, S. Multivariate analyses to determine the origin of potentially harmful heavymetals in beach and dune sediments from KizKalesi Coast (Mersin), Turkey. Bulletin ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008,81(1):57-68.
Yang, P.G., Mao, R.Z., Shao, H.B., Gao, Y.F. The spatial variability of heavy metal distribution inthe suburban farmland of Taihang Piedmont Plain, China. Comptes Rendus Biologies,2009,332(6):558-566.
Yang, Z., Lu, W., Long, Y., Bao, X., Yang, Q. Assessment of heavy metals contamination inurban topsoil from Changchun City, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2011,108(1):27-38.
Yaylali-Abanuz, G. Heavy metal contamination of surface soil around Gebze industrial area,Turkey. Microchemical Journal,2011,99(1):82-92.
Younas, M., Shahzad, F., Afzal, S., Khan, M.I., Ali, K. Assessment of Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pbpollution in Lahore, Pakistan. Environment International,1998,24(7):761-766.
Zhang, C.B., Wu, L.H., Luo, Y.M., Zhang, H.B., Christie, P. Identifying sources of soil inorganicpollutants on a regional scale using a multivariate statistical approach: Role of pollutantmigration and soil physicochemical properties. Environmental Pollution,2008,151(3):470-476.
Zhang, C.S. Using multivariate analyses and GIS to identify pollutants and their spatial patterns inurban soils in Galway, Ireland. Environmental Pollution,2006,142(3):501-511.
Zhang, C.S., Selinus, O., Kjellstrom, G. Discrimination between natural background andanthropogenic pollution in environmental geochemistry-exemplified in an area ofsouth-eastern Sweden. Science of the Total Environment,1999,243:129-140.
Zhang, M.K., Liu, Z.Y., Wang, H. Use of Single Extraction Methods to Predict Bioavailability ofHeavy Metals in Polluted Soils to Rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2010,41(7):820-831.
Zhao, Y.F., Shi, X.Z., Huang, B., Yu, D.S., Wang, H.J., Sun, W.X., Oboern, I., Blomback, K.Spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils of an industry-based peri-urban areain Wuxi, China. Pedosphere,2007,17(1):44-51.
陈怀满,郑春荣.复合污染与交互作用研究——农业环境保护中研究的热点与难点.农业环境保护,2002,(02):192.
陈同斌,陈志军.水溶性有机质对土壤中镉吸附行为的影响.应用生态学报,2002,(02):183-186.
董占荣.猪粪中的重金属对菜园土壤和蔬菜重金属积累的影响.硕士,浙江大学,2006.
窦磊,周永章,王旭日,杨志军,彭先芝,李秀娟.针对土壤重金属污染评价的模糊数学模型的改进及应用.土壤通报,2007,(01):101-105.
付美云.垃圾渗滤液的环境污染特征及其研究进展.南华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,(02):90-95.
付美云,周立祥.垃圾渗滤液水溶性有机物对土壤Pb溶出的影响.环境科学,2007,(02):243-248.
郭朝晖,肖细元,陈同斌,廖晓勇,宋杰,武斌.湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染.地理学报,2008,(01):3-11.
高文文.农田黑土镉、砷污染生态风险分析-以长春市郊为例.硕士学位论文,2010.
郭平,谢忠雷,李军,周琳峰.长春市土壤重金属污染特征及其潜在生态风险评价.地理科学,2005,(01):108-112.
胡文.土壤—植物系统中重金属的生物有效性及其影响因素的研究.博士,北京林业大学,2008.
蒋成爱,吴启堂,吴顺辉,龙新宪.东南景天与不同植物混作对土壤重金属吸收的影响.中国环境科学,2009,(09):985-990.
寇士伟,倪高风,马岚婷,李孟斌,吴锦,谢素,亦如瀚. Cd-Pb-Cu复合污染对芥菜生长及生理特性的影响.环境科学研究,2011,(03):281-286.
吉林省统计年鉴.吉林省统计局.北京:中国统计出版社,2012.
李森照,罗金发,孟维奇.中国污水灌溉与环境质量控制.北京:气象出版社,1999.
李廷强,杨肖娥.土壤中水溶性有机质及其对重金属化学与生物行为的影响.应用生态学报,2004,(06):1083-1087.
李先国,范晓明,彭学伟,张庆红.天然水环境中的溶解有机物及其光化学降解对重金属生物可利用性的影响.中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2010,(01):75-81.
梁称福,陈正法,刘明月.蔬菜重金属污染研究进展.湖南农业科学,2002,(04):45-48.
廖琴,王胜利,南忠仁,晋王强,武文飞.干旱区绿洲土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni复合污染对芹菜的影响及其富集迁移规律.干旱区资源与环境,2011,(07):173-177.
林青.土壤中重金属Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb吸附及迁移的实验研究.硕士,青岛大学,2008.
刘崇洪.几种土壤质量评价方法的比较.干旱环境监测,1996,(01):26-29.
刘海军,陈源泉,隋鹏,高旺盛,姜莉,汪洪焦,张敏.马唐与玉米间作对镉的富集效果研究初探.中国农学通报,2009,(15):206-210.
刘霞,刘树庆,唐兆宏.河北主要土壤中Cd、Pb形态与油菜有效性的关系.生态学报,2002,(10):1688-1694.
鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
梅廷林.现有环境质量评价方法可能存在的虚假性.云南环境科学,1999,(03):59-60.
莫争,王春霞,陈琴,王子健.重金属Cu Pb Zn Cr Cd在土壤中的形态分布和转化.农业环境保护,2002,(01):9-12.
乔胜英,李望成,何方,韩吟文,唐俊红.漳州市城市土壤重金属含量特征及控制因素.地球化学,2005,(06):97-104.
尚爱安,刘玉荣,梁重山,党志.土壤中重金属的生物有效性研究进展.土壤,2000,(06):294-300.
孙贤斌,李玉成,张小平,王宗英.淮南市重金属污染对土壤动物群落和多样性影响研究.生态学杂志,2005,(10):1163-1166.
王艮梅,周立祥.水溶性有机物在土壤剖面中的分馏及对Cu迁移的作用.环境科学,2006,(06):1229-1234.
王辉,董元华,安琼.南京市郊区蔬菜地土壤环境质量评价.土壤,2005,(03):295-298.
王新,周启星.外源镉铅铜锌在土壤中形态分布特性及改性剂的影响.农业环境科学学报,2003,(05):541-545.
王学松,秦勇.徐州城市表层土壤中重金属环境风险测度与源解析.地球化学,2006,(01):88-94.
王兆炜,南忠仁,赵转军,王胜利,武文飞,廖琴.干旱区绿洲土壤Cd、Pb单一与复合污染下芹菜重金属累积特征研究.土壤通报,2011,(05):1256-1262.
晓云.我国土壤重金属污染.金属世界,2000,(02):10.
谢季坚,刘承平.模糊数学方法及其应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2000.
许前欣,赵振达,李秀文,于彩虹.钾肥对蔬菜产量品质效应的研究.土壤肥料,1999,(02):23-25.
阳文锐,王如松,黄锦楼,陈展,李锋.反距离加权插值法在污染场地评价中的应用.应用生态学报,2007,(09):2013-2018.
姚春霞,陈振楼,张菊,侯进.上海浦东部分蔬菜重金属污染评价.农业环境科学学报,2005,(04):761-765.
叶舒娅,朱宏斌,王文军,武际.不同氮钾施用水平对胡萝卜产量和品质的影响.安徽农业科学,2000,(04):497-498.
曾希柏,杨佳波,李莲芳,白玲玉.溶解性有机物对土壤中铜生物有效性的影响.农业环境科学学报,2009,(05):883-889.
周焱.加强肥料规范化管理控制蔬菜重金属污染.环境污染与防治,2003,(05):281-282.
周艺敏,张金盛,任顺荣,王正祥,赵振达.天津市园田土壤和几种蔬菜中重金属含量状况的调查研究.农业环境科学学报,1990,(06):30-34.