梨园间作芳香植物对土壤微生物、土壤酶活性与土壤养分的影响
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摘要
为探讨间作芳香植物对梨园土壤微生物、土壤酶活性以及土壤养分的影响,本文以梨园间作罗勒(Tr1)、香荆芥(Tr2)、香薄荷(Tr3)、藿香蓟(Tr4)为处理,自然生草(Tr5)和清耕区(Tr6)为对照,测定了梨园中土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌和几种生理类群微生物的数量,土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶的活性以及土壤养分的含量,从而反映间作芳香植物后梨园土壤中微生物数量、土壤酶活性以及土壤养分的变化。具体研究结果如下:
1相对于自然生草和清耕区,梨园间作芳香植物较显著提高了梨树旺盛生长季节(5月至9月份)的土壤微生物数量,改良了土壤微生物群落的结构。间作芳香植物对土壤中细菌数量的提高效应优于土壤中真菌和放线菌的数量。间作芳香植物对各种生理类群的微生物有不同程度的提高。
2间作芳香植物在植物旺盛生长季节对土壤酶活性的提高较为显著。本试验研究结果可知土壤脲酶活性呈逐渐升高,然后下降的变化趋势。土壤中转化酶活性在4月至6月时处于较低水平,而7至8月份转化酶活性高。仅在9月份时,芳香植物间作区土壤转化酶活性与清耕对照区无显著差异,其它月份芳香植物间作区土壤酶活性差异显著。
3间作芳香植物可显著提高梨园土壤的含水量,尤其是在7、8月份。对土壤pH值的影响不显著。间作芳香植物梨园土壤有机质有不同程度的增加,藿香蓟处理区的效果尤为明显。沙地梨园间作香薄荷和罗勒较自然生草、清耕显著提高土壤中大量元素和微量元素的含量,但是在不同的月份变化程度不同。间作罗勒能显著提高土壤中碱解氮、全磷以及速效磷的含量。间作芳香植物对土壤中微量元素钙、镁、锌的含量的影响不明显,但是对有效性铁、铜的含量有显著影响,其中香荆芥间作区,土壤中的有效性铁和铜含量最高。
4通过对综合指数的隶属函数分析和土壤肥力质量指数的分析,本研究认为间作芳香植物可有效改善土壤肥力质量,其中香薄荷间作区效果最好。
This paper was aimed to discuss the effects of intercropping aromatic plants on the soil microorganism and soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients in pear orchard. Intercropping Ocimum basilicum L.(Tr1), Nepeta cataria(Tr2), Saturela hortensis L.(Tr3), Agerarum houstonianum(Tr4) and were selected as experimental treatments, natural grass(Tr5) and clean tillage(Tr6)were selected as control, determined the quantities of the soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, and several physiological groups of microorganisms and soil nutrient content and the activities of urease, protease, phosphatase, catalase, converting enzyme. That was to reflect of the influence of intercropping aromatic plants on the soil microorganism quantity, soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient in pear orchard. Results were as follows:
1 Compared to natural grass and clean tillage plots, the soil microorganism quantity of intercropping aromatic plants plots in the period of pear vigorous growing season (May to September), and ameliorate the soil microbial community structure. The change of bacteria and fungi quantities in the same seasonal trends, and the lowest in April, then gradually increased to the maximum in August, September and October of bacteria and fungi decreased slightly. The number of actinomycete was the maximum in June, and the lowest in April and August. The seasonal change trends of nitrobacteria, denitrobacter and Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were similar. There were different levels of increasing the quantity of microorganisms in the intercropping aromatic plants plots.
2 It was significant that the soil enzyme activities of the pear growing period were improved in aromatic plants intercropping areas. The study results showed that urease activity was gradually increased, and then decline. Only in September and October the diversities of the five treatments were not significant. Soil invertase activity from April to June was at a low level, and at high level from July to August. Only in September, the aromatic intercropping and soil tillage invertase activity were no significant difference in the control area, and in other phases the diversities of soil enzymes activity of aromatic plants intercropping areas were significant.
3 Intercropping aromatic plants can significantly increase the water content of soil of pear orchards, especially in the July and August. The impact on soil pH value is not significant. The level of soil organic matter was dissimilarly increased in aromatic plants intercropping areas, especially Agerarum houstonianum area. Compared to natural grass area and clean tillage area, the macronutrients and trace elements were significantly improved in intercropping Ocimum basilicum L. and Saturela hortensis L. areas of pear orchard, whereas the extent of changes was different in different phases. In intercropping Ocimum basilicum L. area the contents of soil nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus were significantly increased. The contents of calcium, magnesium and zinc were not obvious diversification in the different treatments, but iron and copper content have a significant effect, especially in intercropping Nepeta cataria area with the highest content of iron and copper.
4 By the analysis of composite index by the membership function and soil quality index, we consider that the soil fertility could be improved by intercropping aromatic plants, especially Saturela hortensis L..
1相对于自然生草和清耕区,梨园间作芳香植物较显著提高了梨树旺盛生长季节(5月至9月份)的土壤微生物数量,改良了土壤微生物群落的结构。间作芳香植物对土壤中细菌数量的提高效应优于土壤中真菌和放线菌的数量。间作芳香植物对各种生理类群的微生物有不同程度的提高。
2间作芳香植物在植物旺盛生长季节对土壤酶活性的提高较为显著。本试验研究结果可知土壤脲酶活性呈逐渐升高,然后下降的变化趋势。土壤中转化酶活性在4月至6月时处于较低水平,而7至8月份转化酶活性高。仅在9月份时,芳香植物间作区土壤转化酶活性与清耕对照区无显著差异,其它月份芳香植物间作区土壤酶活性差异显著。
3间作芳香植物可显著提高梨园土壤的含水量,尤其是在7、8月份。对土壤pH值的影响不显著。间作芳香植物梨园土壤有机质有不同程度的增加,藿香蓟处理区的效果尤为明显。沙地梨园间作香薄荷和罗勒较自然生草、清耕显著提高土壤中大量元素和微量元素的含量,但是在不同的月份变化程度不同。间作罗勒能显著提高土壤中碱解氮、全磷以及速效磷的含量。间作芳香植物对土壤中微量元素钙、镁、锌的含量的影响不明显,但是对有效性铁、铜的含量有显著影响,其中香荆芥间作区,土壤中的有效性铁和铜含量最高。
4通过对综合指数的隶属函数分析和土壤肥力质量指数的分析,本研究认为间作芳香植物可有效改善土壤肥力质量,其中香薄荷间作区效果最好。
This paper was aimed to discuss the effects of intercropping aromatic plants on the soil microorganism and soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients in pear orchard. Intercropping Ocimum basilicum L.(Tr1), Nepeta cataria(Tr2), Saturela hortensis L.(Tr3), Agerarum houstonianum(Tr4) and were selected as experimental treatments, natural grass(Tr5) and clean tillage(Tr6)were selected as control, determined the quantities of the soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, and several physiological groups of microorganisms and soil nutrient content and the activities of urease, protease, phosphatase, catalase, converting enzyme. That was to reflect of the influence of intercropping aromatic plants on the soil microorganism quantity, soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient in pear orchard. Results were as follows:
1 Compared to natural grass and clean tillage plots, the soil microorganism quantity of intercropping aromatic plants plots in the period of pear vigorous growing season (May to September), and ameliorate the soil microbial community structure. The change of bacteria and fungi quantities in the same seasonal trends, and the lowest in April, then gradually increased to the maximum in August, September and October of bacteria and fungi decreased slightly. The number of actinomycete was the maximum in June, and the lowest in April and August. The seasonal change trends of nitrobacteria, denitrobacter and Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were similar. There were different levels of increasing the quantity of microorganisms in the intercropping aromatic plants plots.
2 It was significant that the soil enzyme activities of the pear growing period were improved in aromatic plants intercropping areas. The study results showed that urease activity was gradually increased, and then decline. Only in September and October the diversities of the five treatments were not significant. Soil invertase activity from April to June was at a low level, and at high level from July to August. Only in September, the aromatic intercropping and soil tillage invertase activity were no significant difference in the control area, and in other phases the diversities of soil enzymes activity of aromatic plants intercropping areas were significant.
3 Intercropping aromatic plants can significantly increase the water content of soil of pear orchards, especially in the July and August. The impact on soil pH value is not significant. The level of soil organic matter was dissimilarly increased in aromatic plants intercropping areas, especially Agerarum houstonianum area. Compared to natural grass area and clean tillage area, the macronutrients and trace elements were significantly improved in intercropping Ocimum basilicum L. and Saturela hortensis L. areas of pear orchard, whereas the extent of changes was different in different phases. In intercropping Ocimum basilicum L. area the contents of soil nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus were significantly increased. The contents of calcium, magnesium and zinc were not obvious diversification in the different treatments, but iron and copper content have a significant effect, especially in intercropping Nepeta cataria area with the highest content of iron and copper.
4 By the analysis of composite index by the membership function and soil quality index, we consider that the soil fertility could be improved by intercropping aromatic plants, especially Saturela hortensis L..
引文
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