不同施肥下免耕土壤呼吸与土壤性状的关系
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摘要
本试验于2008年在内蒙古武川县连续7年免耕田上进行,研究了燕麦旱作免耕与传统耕翻以及免耕不同施肥处理下的土壤碳排放日变化与季节变化规律,通过统计分析方法探讨了土壤呼吸与土壤理化性质、生物学性状及根系干重的关系,以为土壤碳管理提供理论依据。结果表明:
1、燕麦免耕土壤呼吸日变化和季节变化均为单峰曲线,其值在89.99～512.15mg?m-2?h-1之间波动,日变化峰值在14:00时左右、低谷在5:00时左右,季节变化峰值在8月5日。土壤呼吸与根系干重呈正相关关系,在8月5日达到显著水平。土壤呼吸季节变化与土壤温度季节趋势一致,受到土壤表层5cm土壤温度湿度共同影响,Q10值为1.43。
2、土壤呼吸速率与土壤蔗糖酶活性显著相关,回归方程为y = 85.19x + 52.56,脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性与其相关性差;土壤呼吸速率与土壤微生物量碳、氮极显著相关,回归方程分别为y = 12.19x + 213.64和y = 8.02x + 171.79,土壤呼吸与土壤微生物量磷相关性较差。
3、土壤呼吸速率与土壤有机质显著相关,回归方程为y = 289.94x - 265.25;而与氮素、磷素、钾素相关不显著。N、P肥对土壤呼吸影响显著,K肥与不施肥差异不显著,NPK、N、P、K施肥处理分别比CK呼吸速率提高了29%,14.9%,11.7%和5.2%。以收获1kg燕麦籽粒需排放CO2的量来评价施肥的生态-产量效益,得出CK0.29 CO2-C·kg-1为最差方案,NPK 0.15 mg·m-2·h-1 CO2-C·kg-1是最优方案。
4、翻耕土壤呼吸速率比免耕高,6月20日、7月15日、8月5日、8月20日和9月15日分别高8.5%、10%、9.5%、18.1%和9%,平均为11%,产量免耕较传统耕翻高29%,所以免耕在减排温室气体中有重要意义。
The experiment to no-tillage plowing on in 2008 for 7 years in Wuchuan. Studied no-till and tillage oats and fertilization on soil carbon changes and seasonal variation. Through statistical analysis studied the relationship of the soil respiration and soil physical, chemical properties, biological characteristics and root dry weight, to provide the theoretical basis of soil carbon management. The results show that:
1. Peak of soil respiration changes in no-tillage fertilization farmland at 14:00 am, low tide at 5:00 am, the whole growth period fluctuates during the 89.99 ~ 512.15mg ? m-2 ? h-1, the peak is on August 5 at 206.41~512.15 mg ? m-2 ? h-1. Seasonal soil respiration have law rules consistent with soil temperature, by the l surface 5cm soil combined effect of temperature and humidity, Soil temperature is the main factor, Q10 is 1.43.
2.Soil respiration and soil invertase activity was significantly correlated, regression equation y = 85.19x + 52.56, urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase activity associated with poor; Soil respiration were significantly related to microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. regression equation are y=12.19x +213.64 and y = 8.02x + 171.79,Soil respiration and soil microbial phosphorus poor correlation.
3.Soil respiration rate was significantly correlated with soil organic matter, regression equation y=289.94x-265.25; With nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were not significantly correlated. N, P fertilizer significantly affected soil respiration, K fertilizer and no fertilizer was not significant, NPK, N, P, K respectively, compared with CK soil respiration rate increased by 29%, 14.9%, 11.7% and 5.2%. To harvest grain oats 1kg amount of CO2 emissions required to evaluate the ecological fertilizer - production efficiency result show CK0.29 CO2-C ? kg-1 for the worst program, NPK 0.15 mg ? m-2 ? h-1 CO2-C ? kg-1 is the best program.
4.The soil respiration rate of tilling were higher than the no-tillage, on June 20, July 15, Aug. 5, Aug. 20 and Sept. 15 quantitative value respectively increased by 8.5%, 10%, 9.5%, 18.1% and 9%, the average was 11%, yield of no-till was higher than conventional tillage by 29%, so no-tillage have a great significance in carbon sequestration, increasing production and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.
1、燕麦免耕土壤呼吸日变化和季节变化均为单峰曲线,其值在89.99～512.15mg?m-2?h-1之间波动,日变化峰值在14:00时左右、低谷在5:00时左右,季节变化峰值在8月5日。土壤呼吸与根系干重呈正相关关系,在8月5日达到显著水平。土壤呼吸季节变化与土壤温度季节趋势一致,受到土壤表层5cm土壤温度湿度共同影响,Q10值为1.43。
2、土壤呼吸速率与土壤蔗糖酶活性显著相关,回归方程为y = 85.19x + 52.56,脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性与其相关性差;土壤呼吸速率与土壤微生物量碳、氮极显著相关,回归方程分别为y = 12.19x + 213.64和y = 8.02x + 171.79,土壤呼吸与土壤微生物量磷相关性较差。
3、土壤呼吸速率与土壤有机质显著相关,回归方程为y = 289.94x - 265.25;而与氮素、磷素、钾素相关不显著。N、P肥对土壤呼吸影响显著,K肥与不施肥差异不显著,NPK、N、P、K施肥处理分别比CK呼吸速率提高了29%,14.9%,11.7%和5.2%。以收获1kg燕麦籽粒需排放CO2的量来评价施肥的生态-产量效益,得出CK0.29 CO2-C·kg-1为最差方案,NPK 0.15 mg·m-2·h-1 CO2-C·kg-1是最优方案。
4、翻耕土壤呼吸速率比免耕高,6月20日、7月15日、8月5日、8月20日和9月15日分别高8.5%、10%、9.5%、18.1%和9%,平均为11%,产量免耕较传统耕翻高29%,所以免耕在减排温室气体中有重要意义。
The experiment to no-tillage plowing on in 2008 for 7 years in Wuchuan. Studied no-till and tillage oats and fertilization on soil carbon changes and seasonal variation. Through statistical analysis studied the relationship of the soil respiration and soil physical, chemical properties, biological characteristics and root dry weight, to provide the theoretical basis of soil carbon management. The results show that:
1. Peak of soil respiration changes in no-tillage fertilization farmland at 14:00 am, low tide at 5:00 am, the whole growth period fluctuates during the 89.99 ~ 512.15mg ? m-2 ? h-1, the peak is on August 5 at 206.41~512.15 mg ? m-2 ? h-1. Seasonal soil respiration have law rules consistent with soil temperature, by the l surface 5cm soil combined effect of temperature and humidity, Soil temperature is the main factor, Q10 is 1.43.
2.Soil respiration and soil invertase activity was significantly correlated, regression equation y = 85.19x + 52.56, urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase activity associated with poor; Soil respiration were significantly related to microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. regression equation are y=12.19x +213.64 and y = 8.02x + 171.79,Soil respiration and soil microbial phosphorus poor correlation.
3.Soil respiration rate was significantly correlated with soil organic matter, regression equation y=289.94x-265.25; With nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were not significantly correlated. N, P fertilizer significantly affected soil respiration, K fertilizer and no fertilizer was not significant, NPK, N, P, K respectively, compared with CK soil respiration rate increased by 29%, 14.9%, 11.7% and 5.2%. To harvest grain oats 1kg amount of CO2 emissions required to evaluate the ecological fertilizer - production efficiency result show CK0.29 CO2-C ? kg-1 for the worst program, NPK 0.15 mg ? m-2 ? h-1 CO2-C ? kg-1 is the best program.
4.The soil respiration rate of tilling were higher than the no-tillage, on June 20, July 15, Aug. 5, Aug. 20 and Sept. 15 quantitative value respectively increased by 8.5%, 10%, 9.5%, 18.1% and 9%, the average was 11%, yield of no-till was higher than conventional tillage by 29%, so no-tillage have a great significance in carbon sequestration, increasing production and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.
引文
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