松溪县烤烟施用氯化钾的效应研究
摘要
为促进松溪县烤烟生产的可持续发展,本文对松溪植烟土壤的养分、烟叶的矿质营养元素进行分析,探讨了松溪土壤水溶性氯和烟叶氯含量以及土壤速效钾和烟叶钾含量之间的相关性,进而比较了不同氯化钾施用量对烤烟产质量的影响,在此基础上进一步探讨了不同氯化钾用量、施用方法和施用时期对烤烟产质量的影响,试验主要结果如下。
1、松溪土壤酸度较高,有机质含量稍低,氮、磷、硫、镁含量适宜,钙、锰、铁、锌含量充足,铜含量基本适宜,钾比较缺乏,硼和氯相对缺乏。松溪烟叶的磷、钾、镁、硼、铜、锰、锌等含量较为丰富;不缺乏氮、铁,但缺乏氯、钙和钼。土壤水溶性氯与烟叶X2F、C3F、B2F氯含量之间不存在显著相关关系。土壤速效钾与烟叶X2F、C3F、B2F钾含量之间存在显著正相关关系。
2、施用适量氯化钾可促进烟株生长,提高经济效益,改善烟叶外观质量和内在化学成分含量和协调性。施用氯化钾3 kg·666.7m~(-2)的处理整体表现最好,其次是施用氯化钾6 kg·666.7m~(-2)的处理。进一步分析表明,于现蕾期溶于水浇施6 kg/666.7m~2的氯化钾,农艺性状、经济性状、烟叶外观质量、烟叶化学成分含量和协调性整体表现最优,适宜推广应用。
To promote the sustainable development of flue-cured tobacco production in Songxi County, soil nutrients and leaf mineral nutrition elements, correlations between soil soluble chlorine and leaves chlorine content and that of soil potassium and leaf potassium cotent were analyzed in this paper. Then the effects of the different application amounts of potassium chloride on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were also studied. Based on the results above, the effects of the different application amounts of potassium chloride, application methods and the application period on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were further explored. The main results of were as follows.
1. The soil had high acidity, and lack of organic matter content slightly in Songxi. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium were appropriate. The contents of calcium, manganese, iron, zinc were adequate. The content of copper was basically appropriate. The contents of potassium, boron and chlorine were relatively scarce. The contents of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, boron, copper, manganese, zinc in tobacco leaf of Songxi were rich. The contents of nitrogen and iron were not scarce. The contents of chlorine, calcium and molybdenum were scarce. Correlation between the water-soluble chlorine content of soil and the chlorine content of X2F, C3F, B2F leaves were not significant. Correlations between the potassium of soil and the potassium content of X2F, C3F, B2F leves were significant positive.
2. Suitable application amount of potassium chloride can promote the tobacco plant growth, increase the economic traits and improve the quality of leaf appearance and the inherent chemical composition and coordination of tobacco leaves. When the application amount of potassium chloride was 3 kg per 666.7m~2, the overall performance of the treat was the best, followed by the treatment which the application amount of potassium chloride was 6 kg per 666.7m~2. Further analysis showed that the overall performance of agronomic traits and economic traits, the quality of leaf appearance, leaf chemical composition of the treatments which irrigated the soluble 6 kg potassium chloride per 666.7m~2 in the flower-bud appearing stage were the best and it.
1、松溪土壤酸度较高,有机质含量稍低,氮、磷、硫、镁含量适宜,钙、锰、铁、锌含量充足,铜含量基本适宜,钾比较缺乏,硼和氯相对缺乏。松溪烟叶的磷、钾、镁、硼、铜、锰、锌等含量较为丰富;不缺乏氮、铁,但缺乏氯、钙和钼。土壤水溶性氯与烟叶X2F、C3F、B2F氯含量之间不存在显著相关关系。土壤速效钾与烟叶X2F、C3F、B2F钾含量之间存在显著正相关关系。
2、施用适量氯化钾可促进烟株生长,提高经济效益,改善烟叶外观质量和内在化学成分含量和协调性。施用氯化钾3 kg·666.7m~(-2)的处理整体表现最好,其次是施用氯化钾6 kg·666.7m~(-2)的处理。进一步分析表明,于现蕾期溶于水浇施6 kg/666.7m~2的氯化钾,农艺性状、经济性状、烟叶外观质量、烟叶化学成分含量和协调性整体表现最优,适宜推广应用。
To promote the sustainable development of flue-cured tobacco production in Songxi County, soil nutrients and leaf mineral nutrition elements, correlations between soil soluble chlorine and leaves chlorine content and that of soil potassium and leaf potassium cotent were analyzed in this paper. Then the effects of the different application amounts of potassium chloride on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were also studied. Based on the results above, the effects of the different application amounts of potassium chloride, application methods and the application period on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were further explored. The main results of were as follows.
1. The soil had high acidity, and lack of organic matter content slightly in Songxi. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium were appropriate. The contents of calcium, manganese, iron, zinc were adequate. The content of copper was basically appropriate. The contents of potassium, boron and chlorine were relatively scarce. The contents of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, boron, copper, manganese, zinc in tobacco leaf of Songxi were rich. The contents of nitrogen and iron were not scarce. The contents of chlorine, calcium and molybdenum were scarce. Correlation between the water-soluble chlorine content of soil and the chlorine content of X2F, C3F, B2F leaves were not significant. Correlations between the potassium of soil and the potassium content of X2F, C3F, B2F leves were significant positive.
2. Suitable application amount of potassium chloride can promote the tobacco plant growth, increase the economic traits and improve the quality of leaf appearance and the inherent chemical composition and coordination of tobacco leaves. When the application amount of potassium chloride was 3 kg per 666.7m~2, the overall performance of the treat was the best, followed by the treatment which the application amount of potassium chloride was 6 kg per 666.7m~2. Further analysis showed that the overall performance of agronomic traits and economic traits, the quality of leaf appearance, leaf chemical composition of the treatments which irrigated the soluble 6 kg potassium chloride per 666.7m~2 in the flower-bud appearing stage were the best and it.
引文
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[4]李永忠,罗鹏涛.氯在烟草体内的生理代谢功能及其应用[J].云南农业大学学报,1995,10(1):51-67
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[6]李余湘.增施镁和氯对烤烟产量和品质影响的初步研究[J].贵州烟草.2002,(3):18-23
[7]王鹏.氯化钾对烟叶含氯量效果的分析[J].黑龙江烟草,1999,12(6):7-18
[8]胡国松,郑伟,王震东,等.烤烟营养原理[M],北京:科学出版社,2000,247-252
[9]张翔,范艺宽,黄元炯,等.烤烟吸收氯的主要来源及其在体内分布的研究[J].土壤肥料,2006,(2):62-64
[10]雷永和,施永超,车驷,等.云南烟草中徽肥营养与土壤管理[M],昆明:云南科技出版社,15-16
[11]刘平,江锡瑜,赵讲芬,等.烤烟施用氯化钾对烟叶及土壤含氯量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,1993,1(3):34-39
[12]周冀衡,朱小平.烟草生理与生物化学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社.1996:38
[13]曹志洪,胡国松,王恩沛,等.土壤钾和微量元素行为的调控与烟叶品质的关系[J].土壤,1993,25(3):119-122,128
[14]胡国松,郑伟,王震东,等.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:119
[15]雷永和,施永超,车驷,等.云南烟草中微肥营养与土壤管理[M].昆明:云南科技出版社1995:9
[16]奚振邦.不同烟区烤烟含钾量差异初步研究[J].中国烟草科学,2002,4:13-16
[17]胡国松,赵元宽.我国主要产烟省烤烟元素组成和化学品质评价[J].中国烟草学报,1997,3(3):36-43
[18]肖协忠,等.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:190-226
[19]孙福山.烤烟变黄期温湿度、变黄程度与烟叶质量关系的研究[J].烟草科技,1991,4:39-41,14
[20]李仲林,周秀如.论我国优秀烤烟基地的土壤环境[J].中国烟草,1987,4(1):37-39
[21]温明霞,易时来,李学平,等.烤烟中氯与其他主要营养元素的关系[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(5):62-65
[22]吕春伟.云南烤烟40级钾氯元素含量及规律研究[J].安徽烟草科技,1999,(4):12-18
[23]高家合,秦西云,谭仲夏,等.烟叶主要化学成分对评吸质量的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2004,23(6):497-501
[24]林祖斌,梁颁捷,林伟杰,等.不同施氯量对烤烟产质量的影响[J].福建农业科技,2000,(3):12-13
[25]杨林波,刘洪祥,章新军,等.氯素营养对黔北烟区烤烟产量和品质的效用研究[J].中国烟草科学,2002,(1):21-24
[26]彭成林,袁家富,毕庆文,等.施氯对烤烟生长及氯在烟株体内分布的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2003,(4):63-65
[27]刘洪斌,毛知耘.烤烟的氯素营养与含氯钾肥施用[J].西南农业学报,1997,(10):102-107
[28]曹志洪,李仲林,周秀如,等.氯的生理功能及烤烟生产中的氯肥问题[J].贵州烟草,1990,(3):1-10
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