硒营养对烤烟生长发育及烟叶硒含量的影响
|
摘要
2008年在河南科技大学科教园区进行盆栽试验,研究了不同硒肥施用量及不同施用方式对烤烟生长状况、生理特性及生长过程中烟叶中硒含量的影响,提出了适宜烤烟生长的最佳硒浓度。同年在湖北省恩施州的宣恩县和咸丰县为试验地点,选取有代表性的90个土壤样本及不同品种(云烟87,云烟85和K326)和不同等级(X2F,C3F和B2F)的72个烤烟样本,分析土壤中的硒含量与烟叶中硒含量的分布特点以及二者之间的相互关系,主要研究结论如下:
1、研究了硒营养对烤烟生长发育的影响。
(1)土壤中适宜的硒浓度可以促进烤烟的生长。当土壤硒浓度在0~12 mg/kg时,硒对不同时期烤烟的株高、茎围、最大叶面积、有效叶数、地上部和地下部干物质的积累量均有不同程度的促进作用(P<0.05);当土壤硒浓度≥16 mg/kg时,不同时期烤烟的株高、茎围、最大叶面积、有效叶数、地上部和地下部干物积累量相比于对照均有下降。当土壤硒浓度为8 mg/kg时,每个时期的株高、茎围、地上部和地下部干物质的积累量均达到最大值。说明土壤中硒含量达到8 mg/kg时最有利于烤烟的生长发育。
(2)叶面喷施适量的硒肥能够促进烤烟的生长。在烤烟10片叶和15片叶两个时期分别对其喷施不同浓度的硒溶液表明:在烤烟15片叶喷施5μg/ml硒肥更有利于促进烤烟的株高、茎围、最大叶面积、有效叶数、地上部和地下部干物质的积累量。
2、研究了硒对烤烟叶绿素含量和生理酶活性的影响。
(1)微量元素硒在适宜的浓度范围内(0~12 mg/kg)能够促进烤烟生长过程中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的增加;当土壤硒浓度≥16 mg/kg时,各时期的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素含量开始下降,当土壤硒浓度达到24 mg/kg时,烟叶叶片出现“黄化”现象。叶面喷施硒肥试验结果表明:在烤烟10片叶喷施2μg/ml的硒肥或是在15片叶喷施5μg/ml的硒肥最有利于增加烤烟叶片中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量。叶面喷施硒肥较土壤施硒更为安全。
(2)土壤施硒试验结果表明:烤烟的POD和SOD活性在不同时期均随着土壤硒浓度的升高出现了先上升后下降的趋势,说明适当的硒含量能增强烤烟的抗逆性;当硒浓度≤8 mg/kg时,各个处理烤烟的MDA含量随着硒浓度的升高而降低,当土壤硒浓度>8 mg/kg时,MDA含量又随之升高,说明过低或过高的硒浓度都不适宜烤烟生长,而适宜的硒浓度在一定程度上能缓解烤烟细胞膜脂的过氧化。硒肥可以提高烤烟的转化酶活性,土壤中硒浓度在2~12 mg/kg范围内,能够提高烤烟叶片转化酶活性,促使碳代谢的增强,碳水化合物生产量大,较高的碳代谢为烟叶的生长和其他有机化合物的形成提供了较多的碳架,利于烟草同化产物的转化和利用,无硒和高硒都使烟草叶片对光合产物的利用强度减弱;各施硒处理烤烟的NR活性在不同时期间表现为60 d>45 d>30 d>75 d;随着土壤硒浓度的提高,各时期烤烟叶片的硝酸还原酶活性都呈现先增高后降低的趋势,均在土壤硒浓度为8 mg/kg时达到最大值;当土壤硒浓度≥16 mg/kg时,各处理烤烟叶片的NR活性低于对照。
(3)叶面喷施硒肥对POD活性的影响并不能在短时间内得到体现,随着生育期的延长效果越来越明显,但是SOD活性能够立即得到体现,而随着生育期的延长,硒对SOD活性的影响越来越弱。喷施硒肥之后MDA含量能够立即降低,并且能保持很长的作用时间。喷施浓度在2~10μg/ml范围内,硒肥也可以提高烤烟的转化酶活性,并且以5μg/ml浓度最佳;各处理NR活性都表现为移栽后30 d>45 d>60 d>75 d。
3、研究了硒对烤烟生长发育过程中K+、总N及硒含量的影响。
随着烤烟生育期的延长,各处理烤烟的全氮和钾含量逐渐降低。随着土壤硒含量的增加,每个时期烤烟的全氮含量呈现先降低后增加的趋势,而钾含量呈现先增加后降低的趋势。低浓度硒(0~12 mg/kg)可以降低烤烟生长过程中的全氮含量,促进烤烟生长过程中钾含量的提高。当土壤硒浓度为8 mg/kg时,每个时期的全氮含量达到最小值,而钾含量达到最大值。喷施硒肥后,每个时期烤烟的总氮含量随着喷施浓度的增加呈现逐渐降低的趋势,而烤烟钾含量随着喷施浓度的增加呈现逐渐增加的趋势。
随着生育期的延长,各处理烤烟中硒的积累速率在移栽后第75天达到最大值;随着土壤中硒含量的增加,烤烟中硒的积累速率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,当土壤中硒含量在5~12 mg/kg范围内,硒的积累速率最快。
随着喷施浓度的增大,烤烟叶片中的硒含量也逐渐增加,并且各处理与对照之间的差异均在0.05水平上达到了显著。在烤烟10片叶喷施硒肥后,随着生育期的延长,烤烟中的硒逐步向上部叶和中部叶转移,从而不利于下部叶片中硒含量的积累;在15片叶喷施硒肥,可以适当增加烤烟所有叶片中的硒含量。因此,在烤烟15片叶喷施10μg/ml的硒溶液最有利于烤烟叶片中硒含量的积累。
4、分析了土壤全硒含量与烤烟硒含量的特点。恩施烤烟硒含量平均值为(8.37±5.83)mg/kg,变幅为0.30~29.30 mg/kg,烤烟硒含量在不同部位间主要表现为X2F>C3F>B2F,在不同海拔间主要表现为中海拔(800~1200 m)>高海拔(≥1200 m)>低海拔(<800 m);恩施土壤全硒含量较高,平均值为(2.56±1.64)mg/kg,变幅为0.28~7.03 mg/kg,大多数土壤属于富硒和高硒土壤,其中34.44%属过量硒土壤,土壤全硒含量随着土层厚度的加深而降低,在不同海拔间与烤烟硒含量表现出相同的趋势;土壤全硒含量与烤烟硒含量存在极显著的正相关(相关系数为0.949),90个烤烟样品的硒含量( y|^ )与对应土壤样品全硒含量( x )建立的回归方程为y|^ = -0.1082x~3 +1.2494x~2-1.9628x+8.1647,经F测验回归方程达到了极显著水平。
Through pot experiments in science and technology park of Henan University of Science and Technology in 2008, effects of different application amounts and methods of selenium on tobacco growth, physiological characteristics, and selenium content in tobacco leaves during growth periods were studied, and optimal selenium concentration for flue-cured tobacco growth was proposed. 90 soil samples and 72 tobacco samples including three cultivars of Yunyan87, Yunyan85 and K326 and three gradings of X2F, C3F and B2F were selected in Xuan'en county and Xianfeng county of Enshi autonomous of Hubei province. The distribution and relationship of selenium contents in both soil and flue-cured tobacco were analized. Main results were as follows.
1. The effects of selenium on development of flue-cured tobacco
(1) The suitable selenium content of soil promoted the flue-cured tobacco growth. When selenium content in the soil was at 0~12mg/kg, it improved the tobacco height, stem perimeter, the maximum leaf area, the effective leaf quantity, and the dry matter accumulation of above- ground and below-ground at different degrees during different stages of flue-cured tobacco ( P<0.05); when the selenium content in the soil was≥16 mg/kg, compared with the check, it decreased the tobacco height, stem perimeter, the maximum leaf area, the effective leaf quantity, and the dry matter accumulation of above-ground and below-ground during different stages of flue-cured tobacco. When the selenium content in the soil was at 0~12mg/kg, the tobacco height, stem perimeter, and the dry matter accumulation of above-ground and below-ground in each period were the best. It showed that 8mg/kg selenium content in soil was the best to the growth of flue-cured tobacco.
(2) The appropriate selenium spraying to the tobacco leaves promoted the growth of flue-cured tobacco. The effects of spraying selenium on tobacco leaves during the prophase and prometaphase were studied. The results showed that spraying 5μg/ml selenium solution in the prometaphase(ten leaves) increased the tobacco height, stem perimeter, the maximum leaf area, the effective leaf quantity, and the dry matter accumulation of above-ground and below-ground.
2. The effects of selenium on chlorophyll and enzymatic activity of flue-cured tobacco
(1) Chlorophyll and carotenoid content increased in the right concentration of selenium(0~12mg/kg); chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid began to decline when the selenium content≥16mg/kg in the soil, the tobacco leaves occurred deficient chlorosis when the selenium content reached 24mg/kg. The results of selenium solution spraying on tobacco indicated that: 2μg/ml of selenium solution sprayed in the prophase or 5μg/ml of selenium solution sprayed in the prometaphase was the most advantageous for chlorophyll and carotenoid content. The effect of spraying selenium to tobacco leaf was safer than applied sodium selenite to soil.
(2) The results of adding selenium to soil experiment indicated that: the activities of POD and SOD increased at first, then decreased during different stages with the increasing of selenium concentration; when the selenium content≤8mg/kg in the soil, the content of MDA among different treatments decreased with the increasing of selenium concentration; and then, when the selenium content >8mg/kg in the soil, the MDA content increased; it showed that higher or lower selenium concentration was not suitable for growth of tobacco, also the appropriate selenium can alleviate membrane lipid peroxidation to a certain extent. The selenium could promoted the invertase activity. The invertase activity in tobacco leaves increased when selenium content in the soil at 2~12 mg/kg, thus enhencing both carbohydrate metabolism and the amount of carbohydrates. Higher carbohydrate metabolism levels can both provide more carbon skeletons for thee growth of tobacco, the formation of organic compounds, and the transformation and utiliation of assimilate. The using intensity of photosynthate reduced under high selenium level and no selenium. NR activity showed 60d>45d>30d>75d in the different growth stages after treated with selenium. The activity of NR increased at first, then decreased with the increasing of selenium concentration, reached maximum at 8mg/kg respectively. Compared with the check, the activity of NR decreased when the selenium content≥16mg/kg in the soil.
(3) The effect of the peroxydase activity (POD) didn’t be reflected in short time after spraying selenium to tobacco leaves, but the effect more and more obviously with the extension of time, the action of selenium to SOD was visible in short term, but weaken with the extension of time. The MDA content in the tobacco decreased obviously after spraying selenium, and it lasted a long period. Selenium fertilizer could improve the INV activity after spraying selenium from 2μg/ml to 10μg/ml, and the optimum content was 5μg/ml. INV activity of each treatment showed 75d>60d>45d after translating.
3. The effects of selenium on the contents of potassium, total nitrogen and selenium in the growth of flue-cured tobacco
The contents of total nitrogen and potassium of different tobacco treatments reduced gradually with the growing period extended. With the increasing of soil selenium content, the content of total nitrogen decreased first and then increased in every period while the content of potassium increased first and then decreased. Low Se concentratation(0~12mg/kg)could reduce the total nitrogen content and increase the potassium content in the development of flue-cured tobacco. The total nitrogen content reached the minimum while potassium content reached the maximum in every period when the concentration of the soil selenium content was 8mg/kg. The nitrogen content of flue-cured tobacco reduced gradually while the potassium content increased gradually with the increase of spray concentration in every period after spraying selenium.
As growing period extended, the accumulation rate of selenium in different treatments reached the maximum at seventy-fifth day after transplanting. The accumulation rate of selenium of flue-cured tobacco increased first and then decreased with the increasing of soil selenium content. The accumulation rate of selenium was fastest when soil selenium content at 5~12mg/kg.
With the increasing of spraying concentration, the selenium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves increased gradually and the differences between treatments and contrasts were significant(P<0.05). After spraying selenium at early vigorous growth stages(10 pieces of leaves), the selenium of flue-cured tobacco was gradually translocated to upper and middle leaves as the growing period extended, thereby being unfavorable to selenium accumulation in the lower leaves. Spraying selenium at vigorous growth stages(15 pieces of leaves) could appropriately increase the selenium content in all tobacco leaves. Therefore, spraying selenium solution of 10μg/ml was the best for the accumulation of selenium in flue-cured tobacco leaves.
4. Relationships between the soil selenium contents and the selenium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves were analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) The selenium contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves in Enshi were high,ranging from 0.30 to 29.30 mg·kg~(-1) with the mean of(8.37±5.83) mg·kg~(-1). The content of selenium in flue-cured tobacco among different positions was X2F>C3F>B2F, among different altitudes was medium altitude(800m~1200m) >high altitude (≥1200m) >low altitude(<800m). (2) The soil selenium contents in Enshi tobacco-growing area were high,ranging from 0.28 to 7.03 mg·kg~(-1) with the mean of(2.56±1.64) mg·kg~(-1).Most of the soil was selenium-rich and high-selenium soil, and 34.44% soils were excessive-selenium soil, with the deepening of the soil thickness, soil selenium contents become lower and lower, and showed the same trend with the selenium content of flue-cured tobacco at different altitudes. (3) There was significantly positively correlation between soil selenium content and selenium content of flue-cured tobacco(correlation coefficient was 0.949). Based on the correlation analysis , the regression equation ,y|^ = -0.1082x~3 +1.2494x~2-1.9628x+8.1647 was established between soil available selenium and the selenium contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves for 72 samples. Regression equation reached a significant level by F-test.
1、研究了硒营养对烤烟生长发育的影响。
(1)土壤中适宜的硒浓度可以促进烤烟的生长。当土壤硒浓度在0~12 mg/kg时,硒对不同时期烤烟的株高、茎围、最大叶面积、有效叶数、地上部和地下部干物质的积累量均有不同程度的促进作用(P<0.05);当土壤硒浓度≥16 mg/kg时,不同时期烤烟的株高、茎围、最大叶面积、有效叶数、地上部和地下部干物积累量相比于对照均有下降。当土壤硒浓度为8 mg/kg时,每个时期的株高、茎围、地上部和地下部干物质的积累量均达到最大值。说明土壤中硒含量达到8 mg/kg时最有利于烤烟的生长发育。
(2)叶面喷施适量的硒肥能够促进烤烟的生长。在烤烟10片叶和15片叶两个时期分别对其喷施不同浓度的硒溶液表明:在烤烟15片叶喷施5μg/ml硒肥更有利于促进烤烟的株高、茎围、最大叶面积、有效叶数、地上部和地下部干物质的积累量。
2、研究了硒对烤烟叶绿素含量和生理酶活性的影响。
(1)微量元素硒在适宜的浓度范围内(0~12 mg/kg)能够促进烤烟生长过程中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的增加;当土壤硒浓度≥16 mg/kg时,各时期的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素含量开始下降,当土壤硒浓度达到24 mg/kg时,烟叶叶片出现“黄化”现象。叶面喷施硒肥试验结果表明:在烤烟10片叶喷施2μg/ml的硒肥或是在15片叶喷施5μg/ml的硒肥最有利于增加烤烟叶片中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量。叶面喷施硒肥较土壤施硒更为安全。
(2)土壤施硒试验结果表明:烤烟的POD和SOD活性在不同时期均随着土壤硒浓度的升高出现了先上升后下降的趋势,说明适当的硒含量能增强烤烟的抗逆性;当硒浓度≤8 mg/kg时,各个处理烤烟的MDA含量随着硒浓度的升高而降低,当土壤硒浓度>8 mg/kg时,MDA含量又随之升高,说明过低或过高的硒浓度都不适宜烤烟生长,而适宜的硒浓度在一定程度上能缓解烤烟细胞膜脂的过氧化。硒肥可以提高烤烟的转化酶活性,土壤中硒浓度在2~12 mg/kg范围内,能够提高烤烟叶片转化酶活性,促使碳代谢的增强,碳水化合物生产量大,较高的碳代谢为烟叶的生长和其他有机化合物的形成提供了较多的碳架,利于烟草同化产物的转化和利用,无硒和高硒都使烟草叶片对光合产物的利用强度减弱;各施硒处理烤烟的NR活性在不同时期间表现为60 d>45 d>30 d>75 d;随着土壤硒浓度的提高,各时期烤烟叶片的硝酸还原酶活性都呈现先增高后降低的趋势,均在土壤硒浓度为8 mg/kg时达到最大值;当土壤硒浓度≥16 mg/kg时,各处理烤烟叶片的NR活性低于对照。
(3)叶面喷施硒肥对POD活性的影响并不能在短时间内得到体现,随着生育期的延长效果越来越明显,但是SOD活性能够立即得到体现,而随着生育期的延长,硒对SOD活性的影响越来越弱。喷施硒肥之后MDA含量能够立即降低,并且能保持很长的作用时间。喷施浓度在2~10μg/ml范围内,硒肥也可以提高烤烟的转化酶活性,并且以5μg/ml浓度最佳;各处理NR活性都表现为移栽后30 d>45 d>60 d>75 d。
3、研究了硒对烤烟生长发育过程中K+、总N及硒含量的影响。
随着烤烟生育期的延长,各处理烤烟的全氮和钾含量逐渐降低。随着土壤硒含量的增加,每个时期烤烟的全氮含量呈现先降低后增加的趋势,而钾含量呈现先增加后降低的趋势。低浓度硒(0~12 mg/kg)可以降低烤烟生长过程中的全氮含量,促进烤烟生长过程中钾含量的提高。当土壤硒浓度为8 mg/kg时,每个时期的全氮含量达到最小值,而钾含量达到最大值。喷施硒肥后,每个时期烤烟的总氮含量随着喷施浓度的增加呈现逐渐降低的趋势,而烤烟钾含量随着喷施浓度的增加呈现逐渐增加的趋势。
随着生育期的延长,各处理烤烟中硒的积累速率在移栽后第75天达到最大值;随着土壤中硒含量的增加,烤烟中硒的积累速率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,当土壤中硒含量在5~12 mg/kg范围内,硒的积累速率最快。
随着喷施浓度的增大,烤烟叶片中的硒含量也逐渐增加,并且各处理与对照之间的差异均在0.05水平上达到了显著。在烤烟10片叶喷施硒肥后,随着生育期的延长,烤烟中的硒逐步向上部叶和中部叶转移,从而不利于下部叶片中硒含量的积累;在15片叶喷施硒肥,可以适当增加烤烟所有叶片中的硒含量。因此,在烤烟15片叶喷施10μg/ml的硒溶液最有利于烤烟叶片中硒含量的积累。
4、分析了土壤全硒含量与烤烟硒含量的特点。恩施烤烟硒含量平均值为(8.37±5.83)mg/kg,变幅为0.30~29.30 mg/kg,烤烟硒含量在不同部位间主要表现为X2F>C3F>B2F,在不同海拔间主要表现为中海拔(800~1200 m)>高海拔(≥1200 m)>低海拔(<800 m);恩施土壤全硒含量较高,平均值为(2.56±1.64)mg/kg,变幅为0.28~7.03 mg/kg,大多数土壤属于富硒和高硒土壤,其中34.44%属过量硒土壤,土壤全硒含量随着土层厚度的加深而降低,在不同海拔间与烤烟硒含量表现出相同的趋势;土壤全硒含量与烤烟硒含量存在极显著的正相关(相关系数为0.949),90个烤烟样品的硒含量( y|^ )与对应土壤样品全硒含量( x )建立的回归方程为y|^ = -0.1082x~3 +1.2494x~2-1.9628x+8.1647,经F测验回归方程达到了极显著水平。
Through pot experiments in science and technology park of Henan University of Science and Technology in 2008, effects of different application amounts and methods of selenium on tobacco growth, physiological characteristics, and selenium content in tobacco leaves during growth periods were studied, and optimal selenium concentration for flue-cured tobacco growth was proposed. 90 soil samples and 72 tobacco samples including three cultivars of Yunyan87, Yunyan85 and K326 and three gradings of X2F, C3F and B2F were selected in Xuan'en county and Xianfeng county of Enshi autonomous of Hubei province. The distribution and relationship of selenium contents in both soil and flue-cured tobacco were analized. Main results were as follows.
1. The effects of selenium on development of flue-cured tobacco
(1) The suitable selenium content of soil promoted the flue-cured tobacco growth. When selenium content in the soil was at 0~12mg/kg, it improved the tobacco height, stem perimeter, the maximum leaf area, the effective leaf quantity, and the dry matter accumulation of above- ground and below-ground at different degrees during different stages of flue-cured tobacco ( P<0.05); when the selenium content in the soil was≥16 mg/kg, compared with the check, it decreased the tobacco height, stem perimeter, the maximum leaf area, the effective leaf quantity, and the dry matter accumulation of above-ground and below-ground during different stages of flue-cured tobacco. When the selenium content in the soil was at 0~12mg/kg, the tobacco height, stem perimeter, and the dry matter accumulation of above-ground and below-ground in each period were the best. It showed that 8mg/kg selenium content in soil was the best to the growth of flue-cured tobacco.
(2) The appropriate selenium spraying to the tobacco leaves promoted the growth of flue-cured tobacco. The effects of spraying selenium on tobacco leaves during the prophase and prometaphase were studied. The results showed that spraying 5μg/ml selenium solution in the prometaphase(ten leaves) increased the tobacco height, stem perimeter, the maximum leaf area, the effective leaf quantity, and the dry matter accumulation of above-ground and below-ground.
2. The effects of selenium on chlorophyll and enzymatic activity of flue-cured tobacco
(1) Chlorophyll and carotenoid content increased in the right concentration of selenium(0~12mg/kg); chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid began to decline when the selenium content≥16mg/kg in the soil, the tobacco leaves occurred deficient chlorosis when the selenium content reached 24mg/kg. The results of selenium solution spraying on tobacco indicated that: 2μg/ml of selenium solution sprayed in the prophase or 5μg/ml of selenium solution sprayed in the prometaphase was the most advantageous for chlorophyll and carotenoid content. The effect of spraying selenium to tobacco leaf was safer than applied sodium selenite to soil.
(2) The results of adding selenium to soil experiment indicated that: the activities of POD and SOD increased at first, then decreased during different stages with the increasing of selenium concentration; when the selenium content≤8mg/kg in the soil, the content of MDA among different treatments decreased with the increasing of selenium concentration; and then, when the selenium content >8mg/kg in the soil, the MDA content increased; it showed that higher or lower selenium concentration was not suitable for growth of tobacco, also the appropriate selenium can alleviate membrane lipid peroxidation to a certain extent. The selenium could promoted the invertase activity. The invertase activity in tobacco leaves increased when selenium content in the soil at 2~12 mg/kg, thus enhencing both carbohydrate metabolism and the amount of carbohydrates. Higher carbohydrate metabolism levels can both provide more carbon skeletons for thee growth of tobacco, the formation of organic compounds, and the transformation and utiliation of assimilate. The using intensity of photosynthate reduced under high selenium level and no selenium. NR activity showed 60d>45d>30d>75d in the different growth stages after treated with selenium. The activity of NR increased at first, then decreased with the increasing of selenium concentration, reached maximum at 8mg/kg respectively. Compared with the check, the activity of NR decreased when the selenium content≥16mg/kg in the soil.
(3) The effect of the peroxydase activity (POD) didn’t be reflected in short time after spraying selenium to tobacco leaves, but the effect more and more obviously with the extension of time, the action of selenium to SOD was visible in short term, but weaken with the extension of time. The MDA content in the tobacco decreased obviously after spraying selenium, and it lasted a long period. Selenium fertilizer could improve the INV activity after spraying selenium from 2μg/ml to 10μg/ml, and the optimum content was 5μg/ml. INV activity of each treatment showed 75d>60d>45d after translating.
3. The effects of selenium on the contents of potassium, total nitrogen and selenium in the growth of flue-cured tobacco
The contents of total nitrogen and potassium of different tobacco treatments reduced gradually with the growing period extended. With the increasing of soil selenium content, the content of total nitrogen decreased first and then increased in every period while the content of potassium increased first and then decreased. Low Se concentratation(0~12mg/kg)could reduce the total nitrogen content and increase the potassium content in the development of flue-cured tobacco. The total nitrogen content reached the minimum while potassium content reached the maximum in every period when the concentration of the soil selenium content was 8mg/kg. The nitrogen content of flue-cured tobacco reduced gradually while the potassium content increased gradually with the increase of spray concentration in every period after spraying selenium.
As growing period extended, the accumulation rate of selenium in different treatments reached the maximum at seventy-fifth day after transplanting. The accumulation rate of selenium of flue-cured tobacco increased first and then decreased with the increasing of soil selenium content. The accumulation rate of selenium was fastest when soil selenium content at 5~12mg/kg.
With the increasing of spraying concentration, the selenium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves increased gradually and the differences between treatments and contrasts were significant(P<0.05). After spraying selenium at early vigorous growth stages(10 pieces of leaves), the selenium of flue-cured tobacco was gradually translocated to upper and middle leaves as the growing period extended, thereby being unfavorable to selenium accumulation in the lower leaves. Spraying selenium at vigorous growth stages(15 pieces of leaves) could appropriately increase the selenium content in all tobacco leaves. Therefore, spraying selenium solution of 10μg/ml was the best for the accumulation of selenium in flue-cured tobacco leaves.
4. Relationships between the soil selenium contents and the selenium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves were analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) The selenium contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves in Enshi were high,ranging from 0.30 to 29.30 mg·kg~(-1) with the mean of(8.37±5.83) mg·kg~(-1). The content of selenium in flue-cured tobacco among different positions was X2F>C3F>B2F, among different altitudes was medium altitude(800m~1200m) >high altitude (≥1200m) >low altitude(<800m). (2) The soil selenium contents in Enshi tobacco-growing area were high,ranging from 0.28 to 7.03 mg·kg~(-1) with the mean of(2.56±1.64) mg·kg~(-1).Most of the soil was selenium-rich and high-selenium soil, and 34.44% soils were excessive-selenium soil, with the deepening of the soil thickness, soil selenium contents become lower and lower, and showed the same trend with the selenium content of flue-cured tobacco at different altitudes. (3) There was significantly positively correlation between soil selenium content and selenium content of flue-cured tobacco(correlation coefficient was 0.949). Based on the correlation analysis , the regression equation ,y|^ = -0.1082x~3 +1.2494x~2-1.9628x+8.1647 was established between soil available selenium and the selenium contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves for 72 samples. Regression equation reached a significant level by F-test.
引文
[1]戴伟,耿增超.土壤硒的研究概况[J].西北林学院学报, 1995, 10(3): 93-97.
[2] ROTRUCKJ T, POPE A L, GANTHER H E, et al. Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxides [J] . Science, 1973, 179: 588 - 590.
[3] AWASTHI Y C, BEUTLER E, SRICASTAVA S K. Purification and properties of human erythrocyte glutathione peroxides [J]. Biochem, 1975, 250: 5144-5149.
[4]陈宜,饶小玲.硒对人体的健康作用及硒茶培植开发[J].茶叶通讯, 1996(1): 30-31
[5]毛人钧.鄂西自治州硒中毒流行病学调查分析[J].中国地方病学杂志, 1990(5): 31-313.
[6]赵保路.吸烟、自由基和癌[J].自然杂志, 1989, 12: 453.
[7]王美珠.天然富硒低毒香烟的研究[J].浙江农业大学学报, 1993, 19(2): 220-224.
[8] Bodon J D, et al. Composition of tobaccos from countries with high and low incidences of lung cancer I: selenium,polonium-210 alternarld tar and nicotine [J] . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1981, 66 (1): 27.
[9] Chortyk O T, et al. Growning selenium - enriched tobacco [J] . J. Agri. Food Chem. 1984, 32: 64-65.
[10]袁玲,黄建国,陈西凯.烟草施用亚硒酸钠的研究[J].烟草科技,1994(6): 33-35.
[11]吴建国.冬小麦对硒元素的吸收和分配试验[J].华中农业大学学报, 1989, 6(S): 161-163.
[12]万洪富.生态环境中的硒及植物对它的吸收和转化[J].土壤学进展, 1988, 16(6): 1-9.
[13]施和平,张英聚,刘振声.番茄对硒的吸收、分布和转化[J],植物学报, 1993, 35(7): 541-546.
[14]尚庆茂,李式军.高浓度硒对生菜的毒害效应[A].张隆,陈昆松.中国园艺学会首届青年学术研讨会论文集[C].北京:农业出版社, 1994. 511-513.
[15]伊虎英,郝玉环,鱼宏斌,等.硒肥对低硒区谷子籽粒含硒量及产量的影响[J].土壤通报, 1991, 22(1): 15.
[16]程伯容,聚山见,岳淑蓉,等.硒粮与人体硒水平[J].中国环境科学, 1982, 2(5): 28-31.
[17]何洪巨,陈杭,武兴德.“硒芽菜”硒积累规律的研究[J].华北农学报, 1994, 9(2): 72-75.
[18]赵佰仁.硒肥用于玉米[J].现代化农业, 1990, (5): 9.
[19]王敏,姚维传.大豆施硒试验研究[J].广东微量元素科学, 1995, 2(5): 12-15.
[20]谭周镦.硒在水稻上的应用研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 1995, 18(4): 58-61.
[21] MUNSHICB,CIMBSGF. Effect of selenium on the nitrogenous of the potato[J]. Agric Food Chen, 1990, 38: 2000-2002.
[22]尚庆茂,李平兰.硒在高等植物中的生理作用[J].植物生理学通讯, 1998, 34(4): 284-287.
[23]郭振飞,卢少云,李明启.三唑酮提高水稻幼苗抗旱性的研究[J].植物学报, 1997, 39(6):541-545.
[24]刘元英.硒对大豆体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响[J].大豆科学, 1998, 17(2): 157-161.
[25]候少范,薛泰鳞,谭见安.高等植物中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及其功能[J].科学通报,1994, 39(6): 553-556.
[26]张罗平,徐辉碧.硒化合物对自由基的清除作用[J].自然杂志, 1985, 8(1): 73-74.
[27]薛泰鳞,候少范,谭见安,等.硒在高等植物中的抗氧化作用(Ⅱ)[J].科学通报, 1993, 38(4): 356-358.
[28]吴永尧.硒在水稻中的生理生化作用探讨[J].中国农业科学, 2000, 33(1): 100-103.
[29]周文美.硒对水稻生长、根系活性及籽粒性状的形响[J].贵州农业科学, 1990, (5): 29-32.
[30]胡秋辉,扬方美,潘根兴,等.喷施硒对大豆品质和大豆食食品硒水平的形响[J].中国油料作物学报, 2001(3): 42-45.
[31]袁光咏.土壤硒对油菜含硒量、生长和产量的形响[J].中国油料, 1992, (1): 39-41.
[32]许春霞,李向民,肖水绥.土施硒肥与茶叶含硒量和产量关系[J].西北农业学报, 1996, (1): 71-75.
[33]肖时运,刘如清,谭周嵫,等.硒在水稻上的应用研究Ⅰ.湖南省部分水稻土硒含量及硒对水稻产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学, 1996(2): 25-26.
[34]方兴汉,沈星荣.硒对茶树生长及物质代谢的影响[J].中国茶叶, 1992(2): 28-30.
[35]尚庆茂,高丽红,李式军.硒素营养对水培生菜品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报, 1998, 3(3): 67-71.
[36]杨兰芳.烤烟化学品质与土壤施硒的研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版), 2001, 19(1): 13-16.
[37]高学云,张劲松,黄镇,等.喷施亚硒酸钠对烟叶和烟叶可溶性蛋白质中硒的生物利用率的影响[J].中国烟草学报, 1997, 3(4): 49-52.
[38]刘铮.农业中的微量元素[M].北京:农业出版社, 1991.
[39]杨兰芳,丁瑞兴.叶面施硒对烤烟生化品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学, 2000(1): 51-53.
[40]金闻博,雍国平.尼古丁化学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, l985, 107-115.
[41]金闻博.烟碱合成代谢与作用[J].烟草科技, 1995(1): 14-16.
[42]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:农业出版社, 1996.
[43]张驰.微量元素硒对白肋烟成分的影响[J].湖北民族学院学报, 2004, 22(2): 8-10.
[44]马友华,丁瑞兴,张继榛,等.硒和硫配施对烟草叶绿素及保护酶活性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报, 1999, 22(4): 109-111.
[45]高家合,张晓海.硒对烤烟的生态毒理效应及临界指标研究[J].云南环境科学, 2006,25(4):12-14.
[46] Klobus G,Buczek J.Chlorophyll content,cells and chcoro2plast number and cadmium distribution in Cd-treated cucumber plants[J]. Acta Physical Plantarum, 1985, 7(3).
[47]李元,王勋陵.紫外辐射增加对春小麦生理、产量和品质的影响[J].环境科学学报, 1998, 5: 54-57.
[48]林匡飞,徐小清,金霞,等.硒对水稻的生态毒理效应及临界指标研究[J].应用生态学报, 2005, 16(4).
[49]张利红,李培军,李雪梅,等.镉胁迫对小麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2005, 24(4).
[50]周建华,王永锐.硅营养缓解水稻幼苗Cd、Cr毒害的生理研究[J].应用与环境生物学报, 1995, 5(1).
[51]赵菲佚,翟禄新,陈荃,等. Cd、Pb复合处理下2种离子在植物体内的分布及其对植物生理指标的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2002, 22(3).
[52]郑达贤,李日邦,王五一.初论世界低硒带[J].环境科学学报, 1982, 2(3): 241-249.
[53]谭家玉,辜忠盎,洪石.湖北省富硒资源及产品调研初报[J].湖北林业科技, 1997, 3: 41-44.
[54]邹莹,李青诚,廖晓玲,等.原子荧光光谱法测定烟草中的硒[J].烟草科技, 2006, 8: 29-32.
[55]李国民.湘西自治州植烟区土壤和烟叶含硒量的调查[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版), 1996, 17 (3): 32-36.
[56]杨兰芳,丁瑞兴.盆栽烤烟土壤硒的形态变化[J].湖北民族学院学报, 1999, 17(2): 47-50.
[57]杨兰芳.烤烟根圈土壤硒含量和形态的研究[J].湖北民族学院学报, 1997, 15(6): 9-12.
[58]杨兰芳,丁瑞兴.恩施烟地土壤和烤烟团棵期硒含量与分布的研究[J].湖北民族学院学报, 1998, 1(66): 27-29.
[59]杨兰芳,丁瑞兴.土壤硒对烤烟硒状况的影响[J].湖北民族学院学报, 2000, 18(3): 7-9.
[60]万佐玺,易咏梅,孙益军,等.土壤施硒对白肋烟含硒量的影响[J].中国烟草学报, 2004, 10(6): 25-28.
[61]杨兰芳,丁瑞兴.低硒土壤施硒对烤烟硒含量及其体内分布的影响[J].南京农业大学学报, 2000, 2(31): 47-50.
[62]梁克中.一种富硒烟叶的种植[J].广西农业科学, 2003(4): 77-78.
[63]梁克中.硒微肥对烟叶硒含量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报, 2004, 19(5): 611-613.
[64]汪而康.分析试验室, 1989,8(4): 5.
[65] Salbu B. Mikrochimica Acta, 1991,2(1/6): 29.
[66] Schwarz K, Foltz C. J Am Chem Soc, 1957, 79: 32-92.
[67] Albert M, Demesmay C, Rocca J L. Fresenius′J Anal Chem, 1995, 351-426.
[68]吴德才译.职业医学, 1984, 11: 250.
[69] Broghamer W L. Cancer, 1976, 37: 1384.
[70] Moxon A L. Agr Exp Sta Bull, 1937, 5(4): 311.
[71]韩恒斌,倪哲明,张淑贞.分析化学, 1985, 13(11): 866.
[72] Itoh Kazuo, Chikuma M. Tanaka H. Fresenius Z Anal Chem, 1988, 330(7): 600.
[73]周天泽.中草药, 1990, 21(10): 37.
[74]颜玉华,任黎.富硒绿茶含硒量及硒形态的研究[J].南京农专学报, 2002, 18(3): 56-60.
[75]邓桂春,侯松嵋,铁梅,等.富硒蛹虫草试样中硒的形态分析[J].分析科学学报, 2006, 22(1): 21-25.
[76]向东山,翟琨,刘晓鹏.富硒玉米子粒中硒赋存形态研究[J]. 2007, 15(5): 93-95.
[77] Fantozzi P. Tobacco as protein source: protein extraction and purifi-cation technologies[A]. FantozziP. Tobacco Protein Utilization Per-spectives[C]. (IPRA Project), Proceedings of Round Table Held at Sal-som aggiore terms, 1985, 29-62.
[78] Sridevi M K, Chakraborty M K. Extractable protein from tobaccoand aspects of its nutritional quality[J]. Tob. Res. 1985, 11(1): 19-28.
[79]祁俊生,陈明君.从富硒烟叶中分离硒蛋白[J].化学研究与应用, 1997, 9(6): 626-628.
[80]张劲松,高学云.烟叶硒蛋白的工业化提取、免疫调节和抗氧化作用的影响[J].中国烟草科学, 1998(4): 29-32.
[81]赵谋明,饶国华,林伟锋.烟草蛋白质研究进展[J].烟草科技, 2005(4): 31-34.
[82]张驰,刘信平.白肋烟中硒的赋存形态及分布研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版), 2005, 23(2): 118-120.
[83]吴永尧,彭振坤,罗泽民.硒的多重生物学功能与和动物的健康[J].湖南农业大学学报, 1997, 23(3).
[84]谢慧玲,张晨.硒的生物学功能[J].地方病通报, 2002, 17(2): 75-76.
[85]徐辉碧,黄开勋.硒的化学、生物化学及其在生命科学中的应用.华中理工大学出版社, 1994.
[86]黄峙,向军俭,郭宝江.硒蛋白的分子生物学研究进展[J].生物化学与生物物理进展, 2001, 28(5): 642-645.
[87]吴军,刘秀芳,徐汉生.硒在植物生命活动中的作用[J].植物生理学通讯, 1999,(5): 417-423.
[88]王宁宁,刘汝,朱亮基,等.亚硒酸钠对烟草冠瘿组织生长的影响及其与内源激素的关系[J].植物生理学报, 1992, 18(2): 160-166.
[89] Xu H S, Xiao Y X, Liu X F. Synthesis and anti-lipid peroxidation activity of amino acidderivatives of benzisoselenazolone[J]. Chinese journal of organic chemistry, 1995, 15: 252-258.
[90] Sun Q Y, Jiang Y Y, Wu Q Y, et al. Synthesis and antifungal activity of 2-substituted thiazolyl benzoisoselenazol-3(2H)-one derivatives[J]. Chinese journal of pharmaceuticals, 2004,35(12): 709-711
[91]李前进,杨春龙.硒对烟叶化学成分和烟气中有害成分的影响研究进展[J].中国烟草科学, 2007, 28(2): 10-13, 44.
[92]郭静成,尹顺平.硒对高等植物中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及谷胱甘肽含量的影响[J].西北植物学报, 1998, 18(4): 533～536
[93]潘文杰,黄建国,姜超英,等.烤烟硒积累及其与土壤和气候的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报. 2006, 12(2): 260-265.
[94]李酉开.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社. 1983.
[95]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000. 25-38.
[96]邹琦主编.植物生理生化实验指导(第1版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1995.
[97]朱广廉,钟海文,张爱琴,等.植物生理学试验.北京:北京大学出版社,1990.
[98]王爱国,罗广华.植物的超氧物自由基与羟胺反应的定量关系[J].植物生理学通讯. 1990, 26(6), 55.
[99]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2003.
[100]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 1999.
[101]乔爱民,林雪娟.硒与植物的关系[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报. 2003, 16(3): 67-73.
[102]刘国顺,李姗姗,位辉琴,等.不同浓度氯营养液对烤烟叶片生理特性的影响[J].华北农学报, 2005, 20(2): 72-75.
[103]谭见安.环境生命元素与克山病[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社, 1996.
[104]章海波,骆永明,吴龙华,等.香港土壤研究Ⅱ.土壤硒的含量、分布及其影响因素[J].土壤学报, 2005, 42(3): 404-410.
[105]周遗品.硒在水稻中的积累和分布研究.石河子农学院学报, 1994, 12(1/2): 27-31.
[106]吴敦虎,穆广臣等.喷施硒叶面肥对农作物含硒量影响的研究[J].微量元素与健康研究, 1998, 15 (1) : 46-47.
[107]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].高等教育出版社. 2003.
[108]章启发.施肥技术对上部烟叶使用价值的影响[J].中国烟草科学, 1999, (4): 16-18.
[109]孙海林,孟冬玲,朱海军,等.高效液相色谱法测定烟草中的四种糖叨[J].光谱实验室, 2005,22(1): 140-141.
[110]刘百战,徐玉田,孙哲建,等.加料前后烟草中游离及糖苷结合态香味成分的分析研究[J].中国烟草学报, 1998, 4(1): 1-8.
[111]张树堂,杨雪彪,吴玉萍,等.烟叶硝酸还原酶活性在烘烤过程中的变化[J].中国烟草科学, 2000, (4): 11-14.
[112]白宝璋.徐淑芬.烟草生理[M].北京:中国科学技术出版杜, 1994. 180-181.
[113]冉邦定,刘敬业,李天福.烤烟K326成熟期五种酶动态的研究[J].中国烟草学报, 1993, (4): 13-20
[114]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].中国农业出版社. 2003.
[115]迟风琴.土壤环境中的硒和植物对硒的吸收转化[J].黑龙江农业科学, 2001(6): 33-34.
[116]朱建明,梁小兵,李社红,等.湖北恩施渔坝塘自然硒的分部及其环境意义[J].地质评论, 2005, 51(4): 428-432.
[117]许自成,王林,肖汉乾.湖南烟区烤烟磷含量与土壤磷素的分布特点及关系分析[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 2007, 33 (3): 290 - 297.
[118]王欣,许自成,肖汉乾.湖南烟区烤烟钾含量与土壤钾素的分布特点[J].安全与环境学报, 2007, 7 (5) : 83-87.
[119]许自成,王林,肖汉乾,等.湖南烟区烤烟硼含量与土壤有效硼含量的关系[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(6): 2309-2317.
[120]许自成,郭燕,肖汉乾.湖南烟区土壤水溶性氯的分布特点及其与烤烟氯含量的关系[J].生态学杂志, 2008, 27(12): 2190-2194.
[2] ROTRUCKJ T, POPE A L, GANTHER H E, et al. Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxides [J] . Science, 1973, 179: 588 - 590.
[3] AWASTHI Y C, BEUTLER E, SRICASTAVA S K. Purification and properties of human erythrocyte glutathione peroxides [J]. Biochem, 1975, 250: 5144-5149.
[4]陈宜,饶小玲.硒对人体的健康作用及硒茶培植开发[J].茶叶通讯, 1996(1): 30-31
[5]毛人钧.鄂西自治州硒中毒流行病学调查分析[J].中国地方病学杂志, 1990(5): 31-313.
[6]赵保路.吸烟、自由基和癌[J].自然杂志, 1989, 12: 453.
[7]王美珠.天然富硒低毒香烟的研究[J].浙江农业大学学报, 1993, 19(2): 220-224.
[8] Bodon J D, et al. Composition of tobaccos from countries with high and low incidences of lung cancer I: selenium,polonium-210 alternarld tar and nicotine [J] . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1981, 66 (1): 27.
[9] Chortyk O T, et al. Growning selenium - enriched tobacco [J] . J. Agri. Food Chem. 1984, 32: 64-65.
[10]袁玲,黄建国,陈西凯.烟草施用亚硒酸钠的研究[J].烟草科技,1994(6): 33-35.
[11]吴建国.冬小麦对硒元素的吸收和分配试验[J].华中农业大学学报, 1989, 6(S): 161-163.
[12]万洪富.生态环境中的硒及植物对它的吸收和转化[J].土壤学进展, 1988, 16(6): 1-9.
[13]施和平,张英聚,刘振声.番茄对硒的吸收、分布和转化[J],植物学报, 1993, 35(7): 541-546.
[14]尚庆茂,李式军.高浓度硒对生菜的毒害效应[A].张隆,陈昆松.中国园艺学会首届青年学术研讨会论文集[C].北京:农业出版社, 1994. 511-513.
[15]伊虎英,郝玉环,鱼宏斌,等.硒肥对低硒区谷子籽粒含硒量及产量的影响[J].土壤通报, 1991, 22(1): 15.
[16]程伯容,聚山见,岳淑蓉,等.硒粮与人体硒水平[J].中国环境科学, 1982, 2(5): 28-31.
[17]何洪巨,陈杭,武兴德.“硒芽菜”硒积累规律的研究[J].华北农学报, 1994, 9(2): 72-75.
[18]赵佰仁.硒肥用于玉米[J].现代化农业, 1990, (5): 9.
[19]王敏,姚维传.大豆施硒试验研究[J].广东微量元素科学, 1995, 2(5): 12-15.
[20]谭周镦.硒在水稻上的应用研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 1995, 18(4): 58-61.
[21] MUNSHICB,CIMBSGF. Effect of selenium on the nitrogenous of the potato[J]. Agric Food Chen, 1990, 38: 2000-2002.
[22]尚庆茂,李平兰.硒在高等植物中的生理作用[J].植物生理学通讯, 1998, 34(4): 284-287.
[23]郭振飞,卢少云,李明启.三唑酮提高水稻幼苗抗旱性的研究[J].植物学报, 1997, 39(6):541-545.
[24]刘元英.硒对大豆体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响[J].大豆科学, 1998, 17(2): 157-161.
[25]候少范,薛泰鳞,谭见安.高等植物中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及其功能[J].科学通报,1994, 39(6): 553-556.
[26]张罗平,徐辉碧.硒化合物对自由基的清除作用[J].自然杂志, 1985, 8(1): 73-74.
[27]薛泰鳞,候少范,谭见安,等.硒在高等植物中的抗氧化作用(Ⅱ)[J].科学通报, 1993, 38(4): 356-358.
[28]吴永尧.硒在水稻中的生理生化作用探讨[J].中国农业科学, 2000, 33(1): 100-103.
[29]周文美.硒对水稻生长、根系活性及籽粒性状的形响[J].贵州农业科学, 1990, (5): 29-32.
[30]胡秋辉,扬方美,潘根兴,等.喷施硒对大豆品质和大豆食食品硒水平的形响[J].中国油料作物学报, 2001(3): 42-45.
[31]袁光咏.土壤硒对油菜含硒量、生长和产量的形响[J].中国油料, 1992, (1): 39-41.
[32]许春霞,李向民,肖水绥.土施硒肥与茶叶含硒量和产量关系[J].西北农业学报, 1996, (1): 71-75.
[33]肖时运,刘如清,谭周嵫,等.硒在水稻上的应用研究Ⅰ.湖南省部分水稻土硒含量及硒对水稻产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学, 1996(2): 25-26.
[34]方兴汉,沈星荣.硒对茶树生长及物质代谢的影响[J].中国茶叶, 1992(2): 28-30.
[35]尚庆茂,高丽红,李式军.硒素营养对水培生菜品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报, 1998, 3(3): 67-71.
[36]杨兰芳.烤烟化学品质与土壤施硒的研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版), 2001, 19(1): 13-16.
[37]高学云,张劲松,黄镇,等.喷施亚硒酸钠对烟叶和烟叶可溶性蛋白质中硒的生物利用率的影响[J].中国烟草学报, 1997, 3(4): 49-52.
[38]刘铮.农业中的微量元素[M].北京:农业出版社, 1991.
[39]杨兰芳,丁瑞兴.叶面施硒对烤烟生化品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学, 2000(1): 51-53.
[40]金闻博,雍国平.尼古丁化学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, l985, 107-115.
[41]金闻博.烟碱合成代谢与作用[J].烟草科技, 1995(1): 14-16.
[42]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:农业出版社, 1996.
[43]张驰.微量元素硒对白肋烟成分的影响[J].湖北民族学院学报, 2004, 22(2): 8-10.
[44]马友华,丁瑞兴,张继榛,等.硒和硫配施对烟草叶绿素及保护酶活性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报, 1999, 22(4): 109-111.
[45]高家合,张晓海.硒对烤烟的生态毒理效应及临界指标研究[J].云南环境科学, 2006,25(4):12-14.
[46] Klobus G,Buczek J.Chlorophyll content,cells and chcoro2plast number and cadmium distribution in Cd-treated cucumber plants[J]. Acta Physical Plantarum, 1985, 7(3).
[47]李元,王勋陵.紫外辐射增加对春小麦生理、产量和品质的影响[J].环境科学学报, 1998, 5: 54-57.
[48]林匡飞,徐小清,金霞,等.硒对水稻的生态毒理效应及临界指标研究[J].应用生态学报, 2005, 16(4).
[49]张利红,李培军,李雪梅,等.镉胁迫对小麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2005, 24(4).
[50]周建华,王永锐.硅营养缓解水稻幼苗Cd、Cr毒害的生理研究[J].应用与环境生物学报, 1995, 5(1).
[51]赵菲佚,翟禄新,陈荃,等. Cd、Pb复合处理下2种离子在植物体内的分布及其对植物生理指标的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2002, 22(3).
[52]郑达贤,李日邦,王五一.初论世界低硒带[J].环境科学学报, 1982, 2(3): 241-249.
[53]谭家玉,辜忠盎,洪石.湖北省富硒资源及产品调研初报[J].湖北林业科技, 1997, 3: 41-44.
[54]邹莹,李青诚,廖晓玲,等.原子荧光光谱法测定烟草中的硒[J].烟草科技, 2006, 8: 29-32.
[55]李国民.湘西自治州植烟区土壤和烟叶含硒量的调查[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版), 1996, 17 (3): 32-36.
[56]杨兰芳,丁瑞兴.盆栽烤烟土壤硒的形态变化[J].湖北民族学院学报, 1999, 17(2): 47-50.
[57]杨兰芳.烤烟根圈土壤硒含量和形态的研究[J].湖北民族学院学报, 1997, 15(6): 9-12.
[58]杨兰芳,丁瑞兴.恩施烟地土壤和烤烟团棵期硒含量与分布的研究[J].湖北民族学院学报, 1998, 1(66): 27-29.
[59]杨兰芳,丁瑞兴.土壤硒对烤烟硒状况的影响[J].湖北民族学院学报, 2000, 18(3): 7-9.
[60]万佐玺,易咏梅,孙益军,等.土壤施硒对白肋烟含硒量的影响[J].中国烟草学报, 2004, 10(6): 25-28.
[61]杨兰芳,丁瑞兴.低硒土壤施硒对烤烟硒含量及其体内分布的影响[J].南京农业大学学报, 2000, 2(31): 47-50.
[62]梁克中.一种富硒烟叶的种植[J].广西农业科学, 2003(4): 77-78.
[63]梁克中.硒微肥对烟叶硒含量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报, 2004, 19(5): 611-613.
[64]汪而康.分析试验室, 1989,8(4): 5.
[65] Salbu B. Mikrochimica Acta, 1991,2(1/6): 29.
[66] Schwarz K, Foltz C. J Am Chem Soc, 1957, 79: 32-92.
[67] Albert M, Demesmay C, Rocca J L. Fresenius′J Anal Chem, 1995, 351-426.
[68]吴德才译.职业医学, 1984, 11: 250.
[69] Broghamer W L. Cancer, 1976, 37: 1384.
[70] Moxon A L. Agr Exp Sta Bull, 1937, 5(4): 311.
[71]韩恒斌,倪哲明,张淑贞.分析化学, 1985, 13(11): 866.
[72] Itoh Kazuo, Chikuma M. Tanaka H. Fresenius Z Anal Chem, 1988, 330(7): 600.
[73]周天泽.中草药, 1990, 21(10): 37.
[74]颜玉华,任黎.富硒绿茶含硒量及硒形态的研究[J].南京农专学报, 2002, 18(3): 56-60.
[75]邓桂春,侯松嵋,铁梅,等.富硒蛹虫草试样中硒的形态分析[J].分析科学学报, 2006, 22(1): 21-25.
[76]向东山,翟琨,刘晓鹏.富硒玉米子粒中硒赋存形态研究[J]. 2007, 15(5): 93-95.
[77] Fantozzi P. Tobacco as protein source: protein extraction and purifi-cation technologies[A]. FantozziP. Tobacco Protein Utilization Per-spectives[C]. (IPRA Project), Proceedings of Round Table Held at Sal-som aggiore terms, 1985, 29-62.
[78] Sridevi M K, Chakraborty M K. Extractable protein from tobaccoand aspects of its nutritional quality[J]. Tob. Res. 1985, 11(1): 19-28.
[79]祁俊生,陈明君.从富硒烟叶中分离硒蛋白[J].化学研究与应用, 1997, 9(6): 626-628.
[80]张劲松,高学云.烟叶硒蛋白的工业化提取、免疫调节和抗氧化作用的影响[J].中国烟草科学, 1998(4): 29-32.
[81]赵谋明,饶国华,林伟锋.烟草蛋白质研究进展[J].烟草科技, 2005(4): 31-34.
[82]张驰,刘信平.白肋烟中硒的赋存形态及分布研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版), 2005, 23(2): 118-120.
[83]吴永尧,彭振坤,罗泽民.硒的多重生物学功能与和动物的健康[J].湖南农业大学学报, 1997, 23(3).
[84]谢慧玲,张晨.硒的生物学功能[J].地方病通报, 2002, 17(2): 75-76.
[85]徐辉碧,黄开勋.硒的化学、生物化学及其在生命科学中的应用.华中理工大学出版社, 1994.
[86]黄峙,向军俭,郭宝江.硒蛋白的分子生物学研究进展[J].生物化学与生物物理进展, 2001, 28(5): 642-645.
[87]吴军,刘秀芳,徐汉生.硒在植物生命活动中的作用[J].植物生理学通讯, 1999,(5): 417-423.
[88]王宁宁,刘汝,朱亮基,等.亚硒酸钠对烟草冠瘿组织生长的影响及其与内源激素的关系[J].植物生理学报, 1992, 18(2): 160-166.
[89] Xu H S, Xiao Y X, Liu X F. Synthesis and anti-lipid peroxidation activity of amino acidderivatives of benzisoselenazolone[J]. Chinese journal of organic chemistry, 1995, 15: 252-258.
[90] Sun Q Y, Jiang Y Y, Wu Q Y, et al. Synthesis and antifungal activity of 2-substituted thiazolyl benzoisoselenazol-3(2H)-one derivatives[J]. Chinese journal of pharmaceuticals, 2004,35(12): 709-711
[91]李前进,杨春龙.硒对烟叶化学成分和烟气中有害成分的影响研究进展[J].中国烟草科学, 2007, 28(2): 10-13, 44.
[92]郭静成,尹顺平.硒对高等植物中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及谷胱甘肽含量的影响[J].西北植物学报, 1998, 18(4): 533～536
[93]潘文杰,黄建国,姜超英,等.烤烟硒积累及其与土壤和气候的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报. 2006, 12(2): 260-265.
[94]李酉开.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社. 1983.
[95]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000. 25-38.
[96]邹琦主编.植物生理生化实验指导(第1版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1995.
[97]朱广廉,钟海文,张爱琴,等.植物生理学试验.北京:北京大学出版社,1990.
[98]王爱国,罗广华.植物的超氧物自由基与羟胺反应的定量关系[J].植物生理学通讯. 1990, 26(6), 55.
[99]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2003.
[100]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 1999.
[101]乔爱民,林雪娟.硒与植物的关系[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报. 2003, 16(3): 67-73.
[102]刘国顺,李姗姗,位辉琴,等.不同浓度氯营养液对烤烟叶片生理特性的影响[J].华北农学报, 2005, 20(2): 72-75.
[103]谭见安.环境生命元素与克山病[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社, 1996.
[104]章海波,骆永明,吴龙华,等.香港土壤研究Ⅱ.土壤硒的含量、分布及其影响因素[J].土壤学报, 2005, 42(3): 404-410.
[105]周遗品.硒在水稻中的积累和分布研究.石河子农学院学报, 1994, 12(1/2): 27-31.
[106]吴敦虎,穆广臣等.喷施硒叶面肥对农作物含硒量影响的研究[J].微量元素与健康研究, 1998, 15 (1) : 46-47.
[107]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].高等教育出版社. 2003.
[108]章启发.施肥技术对上部烟叶使用价值的影响[J].中国烟草科学, 1999, (4): 16-18.
[109]孙海林,孟冬玲,朱海军,等.高效液相色谱法测定烟草中的四种糖叨[J].光谱实验室, 2005,22(1): 140-141.
[110]刘百战,徐玉田,孙哲建,等.加料前后烟草中游离及糖苷结合态香味成分的分析研究[J].中国烟草学报, 1998, 4(1): 1-8.
[111]张树堂,杨雪彪,吴玉萍,等.烟叶硝酸还原酶活性在烘烤过程中的变化[J].中国烟草科学, 2000, (4): 11-14.
[112]白宝璋.徐淑芬.烟草生理[M].北京:中国科学技术出版杜, 1994. 180-181.
[113]冉邦定,刘敬业,李天福.烤烟K326成熟期五种酶动态的研究[J].中国烟草学报, 1993, (4): 13-20
[114]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].中国农业出版社. 2003.
[115]迟风琴.土壤环境中的硒和植物对硒的吸收转化[J].黑龙江农业科学, 2001(6): 33-34.
[116]朱建明,梁小兵,李社红,等.湖北恩施渔坝塘自然硒的分部及其环境意义[J].地质评论, 2005, 51(4): 428-432.
[117]许自成,王林,肖汉乾.湖南烟区烤烟磷含量与土壤磷素的分布特点及关系分析[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 2007, 33 (3): 290 - 297.
[118]王欣,许自成,肖汉乾.湖南烟区烤烟钾含量与土壤钾素的分布特点[J].安全与环境学报, 2007, 7 (5) : 83-87.
[119]许自成,王林,肖汉乾,等.湖南烟区烤烟硼含量与土壤有效硼含量的关系[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(6): 2309-2317.
[120]许自成,郭燕,肖汉乾.湖南烟区土壤水溶性氯的分布特点及其与烤烟氯含量的关系[J].生态学杂志, 2008, 27(12): 2190-2194.