严寒地区单排地埋管热泵系统供暖可行性研究
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摘要
地埋管热泵技术因其显著的节能和环保优势,越来越受到人们的关注,其有效结合了热泵系统、地埋管换热系统和采暖空调系统,冬季从土壤中吸收热量同时蓄存冷量以备夏用,夏季向土壤中释放热量同时蓄存热量以备冬用,其他季节土壤自然恢复,实现了能量的移季利用,是二十一世纪解决能源危机,实现可持续发展战略的绿色空调系统。
本文在国家建设节能型农村政策的影响下,提出了一种适用于广阔地域的具有新型埋管型式的系统——单排地埋管热泵系统。与常见的单管型式相比,它具有较大的容量,能够承担较大的建筑负荷;与管群相比,它的地下土壤温度场具有较好的恢复性能。为了研究该系统在严寒地区的可行性,本文采用FLUENT数值模拟软件对该系统进行了长期的仿真模拟。首先选取哈尔滨地区的某一独立住宅建筑,建立系统各部分的数学模型,包括供暖房间、热泵机组、风机盘管、地埋管换热器及周围土壤的数学模型和相应的定解条件。根据仿真数据和模拟图表,对系统运行一年和多年的土壤温度场变化规律进行研究,分析土壤的热平衡特性和系统的运行特性。为了研究系统的取热蓄热特性和土壤温度场的变化,分别从埋管的总取热量、单位埋深的取热量、热泵COP等方面进行了理论分析。
最后,针对理论分析结果,做出单排地埋管热泵系统在严寒地区的可行性判定,提出相应的改进措施。同时选取北京和武汉两个代表性的城市,根据气候和地质条件的不同对系统进行类比模拟分析,进而指出单排地埋管热泵系统的适用地区,为单排地埋管热泵技术的推广和应用提供理论指导。
单排地埋管热泵系统在严寒地区应用时由于冬夏季负荷不平衡,土壤热源平均温度逐渐下降,热泵和系统的性能降低,对系统长期运行工况不利。然而如果采取相应的热量补偿措施,从系统初投资和运行费用方面考虑单排地埋管热泵系统节能效果显著,发展前景广阔。
Ground-coupled heat pump technology has been gaining increasing popularity in residential and commercial buildings, since it is environment-friendly, causing less energy than their conventional alternatives. The ground source heat pump system effectively combines heat pump system with heating and air-conditioning system, besides it utilizes the earth as heat source. When it runs, the heat exchangers extract or inject thermal energy from or into the ground so that it realizes the seasonal energy diversion. The ground source heat pump system is one of green air-conditioning systems in the 21th century.
With the national policy of building new energy-efficient village, the ground source heat pump with new pipe columns called single-row ground source heat pump has been put forward in this paper. Compared to single-tube ground source heat pump, it has a greater capacity to undertake larger heat or cold loads. It is appropriate to apply in vast area, and the soil temperature field has a better recovery performance, which is superior to tube group type.
The certain building mentioned in the article was selected in Harbin suburb in order to validate the feasibility of this type of system in severe cold area. Long-term numerical simulation of this system was carried out by FLUENT software. We established the mathematical model of each subsystem, containing the physical and mathematical model of heat exchanger, heat pump units, target room and fan coil system, single-value conditions as well. According to the first year’s and years’simulation results of this system, we got the thermal equilibrium analysis of soil field by theoretical analysis of total and unit heat extraction capacity, COP of heat pump, etc.
Then we made the judgment of the feasibility of single-row ground source heat pump system applied in cold area, and then the relevant improvement measures were presented. On the other hand, analogy simulations were performed in typical cities of Beijing and Wuhan and the relevant operation parameters were made according to the different climate and geological conditions. In the end, the applicable area of single-row ground source heat pump came out. All of our research results would provide theoretical guidance for applying and popularizing the technology of this heat pump system.
Because of the imbalance between heat and cooling load in severe cold area, the average soil temperature gradually decreases and the performance of heat pump units and the whole system also become lower as time goes, all of which is unfavorable for the system’s long-term use. While if appropriate measures to compensate for the heat imbalance were took, from initial investment and operational costs, the single-row ground source heat pump system would have significant friendly environmental effects and bright development prospects.
本文在国家建设节能型农村政策的影响下,提出了一种适用于广阔地域的具有新型埋管型式的系统——单排地埋管热泵系统。与常见的单管型式相比,它具有较大的容量,能够承担较大的建筑负荷;与管群相比,它的地下土壤温度场具有较好的恢复性能。为了研究该系统在严寒地区的可行性,本文采用FLUENT数值模拟软件对该系统进行了长期的仿真模拟。首先选取哈尔滨地区的某一独立住宅建筑,建立系统各部分的数学模型,包括供暖房间、热泵机组、风机盘管、地埋管换热器及周围土壤的数学模型和相应的定解条件。根据仿真数据和模拟图表,对系统运行一年和多年的土壤温度场变化规律进行研究,分析土壤的热平衡特性和系统的运行特性。为了研究系统的取热蓄热特性和土壤温度场的变化,分别从埋管的总取热量、单位埋深的取热量、热泵COP等方面进行了理论分析。
最后,针对理论分析结果,做出单排地埋管热泵系统在严寒地区的可行性判定,提出相应的改进措施。同时选取北京和武汉两个代表性的城市,根据气候和地质条件的不同对系统进行类比模拟分析,进而指出单排地埋管热泵系统的适用地区,为单排地埋管热泵技术的推广和应用提供理论指导。
单排地埋管热泵系统在严寒地区应用时由于冬夏季负荷不平衡,土壤热源平均温度逐渐下降,热泵和系统的性能降低,对系统长期运行工况不利。然而如果采取相应的热量补偿措施,从系统初投资和运行费用方面考虑单排地埋管热泵系统节能效果显著,发展前景广阔。
Ground-coupled heat pump technology has been gaining increasing popularity in residential and commercial buildings, since it is environment-friendly, causing less energy than their conventional alternatives. The ground source heat pump system effectively combines heat pump system with heating and air-conditioning system, besides it utilizes the earth as heat source. When it runs, the heat exchangers extract or inject thermal energy from or into the ground so that it realizes the seasonal energy diversion. The ground source heat pump system is one of green air-conditioning systems in the 21th century.
With the national policy of building new energy-efficient village, the ground source heat pump with new pipe columns called single-row ground source heat pump has been put forward in this paper. Compared to single-tube ground source heat pump, it has a greater capacity to undertake larger heat or cold loads. It is appropriate to apply in vast area, and the soil temperature field has a better recovery performance, which is superior to tube group type.
The certain building mentioned in the article was selected in Harbin suburb in order to validate the feasibility of this type of system in severe cold area. Long-term numerical simulation of this system was carried out by FLUENT software. We established the mathematical model of each subsystem, containing the physical and mathematical model of heat exchanger, heat pump units, target room and fan coil system, single-value conditions as well. According to the first year’s and years’simulation results of this system, we got the thermal equilibrium analysis of soil field by theoretical analysis of total and unit heat extraction capacity, COP of heat pump, etc.
Then we made the judgment of the feasibility of single-row ground source heat pump system applied in cold area, and then the relevant improvement measures were presented. On the other hand, analogy simulations were performed in typical cities of Beijing and Wuhan and the relevant operation parameters were made according to the different climate and geological conditions. In the end, the applicable area of single-row ground source heat pump came out. All of our research results would provide theoretical guidance for applying and popularizing the technology of this heat pump system.
Because of the imbalance between heat and cooling load in severe cold area, the average soil temperature gradually decreases and the performance of heat pump units and the whole system also become lower as time goes, all of which is unfavorable for the system’s long-term use. While if appropriate measures to compensate for the heat imbalance were took, from initial investment and operational costs, the single-row ground source heat pump system would have significant friendly environmental effects and bright development prospects.
引文
[1] Ye Jiwen,Yang Yang, Shen Guodong. Strategy Study on Optimizing Energy Structure in China under Low-carbon Economy[J]. Shanxi Coking Science & Technology. 2010,(6):54-56
[2]国家发改委经济体制与管理研究所.中国可再生能源和新能源产业高端论坛[M].北京:中国经济出版社, 2007:55-60
[3]林琳.基于低碳经济视角的中国能源结构分析[N].开放导报. 2010,10(5): 46-50
[4]史立山.中国能源现状分析和可再生能源发展规划.可再生能源. 2004(117):1-4
[5]龙惟定,王长庆,丁文婷.试论中国的能源结构与空调冷热源的选择取向[J].暖通空调. 2000,30(5):27-29
[6]王荣光,沈天行.可再生能源利用与建筑节能[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004:3-7
[7]黄河.浅谈建筑节能在我国的发展现状及前景分析[J].民营科技. 2011(2)
[8]贠英伟,吴香国,范丰丽.我国建筑节能现状分析及对策[N].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版).2006,8(1):62-65
[9] Wei Yang, Jin Zhou, Wei Xu, Guoqiang Zhang. Current Status of Ground-source Heat Pumps in China. Energy Policy.2010(38):323-332
[10]河北建设网.建筑节能助力社会主义新农村建设. http://www.hebjs.gov.cn/czjs/yjgd/200603/t20060316_58150.htm,2006-03-16.
[11]江亿.我国建筑能耗趋势与节能重点[J].建设科技. 2006,(7):10-15
[12]郭敏.垂直U型土壤换热器长期供冷问题的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2009:1-2
[13]卢继龙等.地埋管热泵的研究与现状[J].制冷与空调,2007,21(3):92-95.
[14]汪洪军.土壤源热泵系统运行特性与动态仿真研究[D].天津大学硕士毕业论文,2004:7-9
[15] Burkhand Sanner, Constantine Karytsas, Dimitrios Mendrinos, Ladislaus Rybach. Current Status of Ground Source Heat Pumps and Underground Thermal Energy Storage in Europe[J]. Geothermics. 2003(32):579-588
[16]裴侠风.地源热泵技术的应用现状及展望[J].制冷与空调. 2004,(3): 76-78
[17] David R Dinse. Geothermal Systems for School [J] . ASHRAE Journal,May 1997.
[18] Ingersoll L R, Plass H J. Theory of the Ground Pipe Heat Source for the Heat Pump[J]. HPAC. 1948, 20(7):119-122.
[19] Ingersoll L R, Zobel O J, Ingersill A C. Heat Conduction with Engineering,Geological and Other Applications [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Co,1954:45-53.
[20] H.S. Carslaw,J.C.Jaeger. Conduction of Heat in Solids [R]. Claremore Press,1947:260-265
[21] H.S. Carslaw,J.C.Jaeger. Conduction of Heat in Solids [R]. Second Edition. Qxford University Press,1959:260-265
[22] Mei V C, Fischer S K. Vertical Concentric Tube Ground Coupled Heat Exchangers[R]. ASHRAE Trans,1983,89(2):391-406.
[23] P. Eskilson. Thermal Analysis of Heat Extraction Boreholes [D]. Doctor Thesis of University of Lund,1987
[24] G. Hellstrom. Ground Heat Storage, Thermal Analysis of Duct Storage Systems [D]. Doctor Thesis of University of Lund.1991
[25]李家伟等.地埋管热泵的理论与实践研究[A]. 1995年暖通空调年会资料集[C], 1995:408-410.
[26] Zheng Maoyu,Wang Dongmei,Zhi Yansheng. The Study of Heating and Cooling Technique with Solar Energy in Severe Cold Area[C]. Energy and the Environment-proceedings of International Conference on Energy and the Environment,Shanghai,2003,186-191
[27] Zheng Maoyu,Zhi Yansheng,Lin Yuan. Study of Heating and Cooling System with Solar Heat Soil Storage in Severe Cold Area[C],Proceedings of the 2003 4th International Symposium on Heating ,Ventilating and Air Conditioning,Beijing,2003,1123-1128
[28]刘春燕.土壤源热泵系统供热工况模拟与实验研究[D].南京理工大学硕士学位论文. 2006:3-4
[29]韩靖.太阳能-地下坑槽季节性土壤蓄热热泵供暖系统模拟[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2010:11-12
[30]章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞鸣.传热学[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2001:71-76
[31]杨萌.严寒地区太阳能-地埋管热泵联合加热沼气池的模拟研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2010:17-18
[32]魏紫娟,秦萍.土壤源热泵地下垂直埋管换热器常用模型的研究[J].制冷与空调,2004,(3):17~21
[33] M.Piechowsk. Heat and Mass Transfer Model of a Ground Heat Exchanger:Validation and Sensitivity Analysis [J]. International Journal of Energy Rearch.1998,22(11):965-979
[34]朱红钧,林元华,谢龙汉编著. FLUENT流体分析及仿真实用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2010.4:13-18
[35]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2004:7-16
[36] M.Piler,E.Nobile,J.thomas.DNS Study of Turbulent Transport at Low Prandtl Numbers in a Channel Flow[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics.2002,(458):419-441
[37] J.G.Wissink.DNS of Separating Low Reynolds Number Flow in a Turbine Cascade with Incoming Wakes [J]. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow.2003,24(4):626-635
[38] P.Rollet-Miet, D.Laurence, J.Ferziger. LES and RANS of Turbulent Flow in Tube Bundles [J], International Journal of heat and flow.1999,20(3):241-254
[39]周俊杰,徐国权,张华俊编著. FLUENT工程技术与实例分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010:11-12,366-376
[40] FLUENT Inc. Fluent User’s Guide [M]. FLUENT Inc.,2003
[41]陈友明,王宇航,莫志姣.土壤初始温度模型[N].湖南大学学报.2007,34(7):27~29
[42]王瑞金. FLUENT技术基础与应用实例[M].清华大学出版社,2007:46-49
[43]贺平,孙刚著.供热工程(第三版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005::10-148
[44] Tao Yang, Maoyu Zheng. Experimental Research and Simulation by Soil Cold Storage Using Natural Energy. Beijing: the 22th International Conference of Refrigeration[C], 2007, EI-1464
[45]刘春锋.土壤源热泵蓄能系统在住宅建筑中的应用[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文.2007: 13-15
[46] Bose J E, Parker J D, McQuistion F C.Design/Data Manual for Closed-loop Ground-coupled Heat Pump System[M].American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineering(ASHRAE).1985
[47]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册(第二版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:216-220
[2]国家发改委经济体制与管理研究所.中国可再生能源和新能源产业高端论坛[M].北京:中国经济出版社, 2007:55-60
[3]林琳.基于低碳经济视角的中国能源结构分析[N].开放导报. 2010,10(5): 46-50
[4]史立山.中国能源现状分析和可再生能源发展规划.可再生能源. 2004(117):1-4
[5]龙惟定,王长庆,丁文婷.试论中国的能源结构与空调冷热源的选择取向[J].暖通空调. 2000,30(5):27-29
[6]王荣光,沈天行.可再生能源利用与建筑节能[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004:3-7
[7]黄河.浅谈建筑节能在我国的发展现状及前景分析[J].民营科技. 2011(2)
[8]贠英伟,吴香国,范丰丽.我国建筑节能现状分析及对策[N].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版).2006,8(1):62-65
[9] Wei Yang, Jin Zhou, Wei Xu, Guoqiang Zhang. Current Status of Ground-source Heat Pumps in China. Energy Policy.2010(38):323-332
[10]河北建设网.建筑节能助力社会主义新农村建设. http://www.hebjs.gov.cn/czjs/yjgd/200603/t20060316_58150.htm,2006-03-16.
[11]江亿.我国建筑能耗趋势与节能重点[J].建设科技. 2006,(7):10-15
[12]郭敏.垂直U型土壤换热器长期供冷问题的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2009:1-2
[13]卢继龙等.地埋管热泵的研究与现状[J].制冷与空调,2007,21(3):92-95.
[14]汪洪军.土壤源热泵系统运行特性与动态仿真研究[D].天津大学硕士毕业论文,2004:7-9
[15] Burkhand Sanner, Constantine Karytsas, Dimitrios Mendrinos, Ladislaus Rybach. Current Status of Ground Source Heat Pumps and Underground Thermal Energy Storage in Europe[J]. Geothermics. 2003(32):579-588
[16]裴侠风.地源热泵技术的应用现状及展望[J].制冷与空调. 2004,(3): 76-78
[17] David R Dinse. Geothermal Systems for School [J] . ASHRAE Journal,May 1997.
[18] Ingersoll L R, Plass H J. Theory of the Ground Pipe Heat Source for the Heat Pump[J]. HPAC. 1948, 20(7):119-122.
[19] Ingersoll L R, Zobel O J, Ingersill A C. Heat Conduction with Engineering,Geological and Other Applications [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Co,1954:45-53.
[20] H.S. Carslaw,J.C.Jaeger. Conduction of Heat in Solids [R]. Claremore Press,1947:260-265
[21] H.S. Carslaw,J.C.Jaeger. Conduction of Heat in Solids [R]. Second Edition. Qxford University Press,1959:260-265
[22] Mei V C, Fischer S K. Vertical Concentric Tube Ground Coupled Heat Exchangers[R]. ASHRAE Trans,1983,89(2):391-406.
[23] P. Eskilson. Thermal Analysis of Heat Extraction Boreholes [D]. Doctor Thesis of University of Lund,1987
[24] G. Hellstrom. Ground Heat Storage, Thermal Analysis of Duct Storage Systems [D]. Doctor Thesis of University of Lund.1991
[25]李家伟等.地埋管热泵的理论与实践研究[A]. 1995年暖通空调年会资料集[C], 1995:408-410.
[26] Zheng Maoyu,Wang Dongmei,Zhi Yansheng. The Study of Heating and Cooling Technique with Solar Energy in Severe Cold Area[C]. Energy and the Environment-proceedings of International Conference on Energy and the Environment,Shanghai,2003,186-191
[27] Zheng Maoyu,Zhi Yansheng,Lin Yuan. Study of Heating and Cooling System with Solar Heat Soil Storage in Severe Cold Area[C],Proceedings of the 2003 4th International Symposium on Heating ,Ventilating and Air Conditioning,Beijing,2003,1123-1128
[28]刘春燕.土壤源热泵系统供热工况模拟与实验研究[D].南京理工大学硕士学位论文. 2006:3-4
[29]韩靖.太阳能-地下坑槽季节性土壤蓄热热泵供暖系统模拟[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2010:11-12
[30]章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞鸣.传热学[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2001:71-76
[31]杨萌.严寒地区太阳能-地埋管热泵联合加热沼气池的模拟研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2010:17-18
[32]魏紫娟,秦萍.土壤源热泵地下垂直埋管换热器常用模型的研究[J].制冷与空调,2004,(3):17~21
[33] M.Piechowsk. Heat and Mass Transfer Model of a Ground Heat Exchanger:Validation and Sensitivity Analysis [J]. International Journal of Energy Rearch.1998,22(11):965-979
[34]朱红钧,林元华,谢龙汉编著. FLUENT流体分析及仿真实用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2010.4:13-18
[35]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2004:7-16
[36] M.Piler,E.Nobile,J.thomas.DNS Study of Turbulent Transport at Low Prandtl Numbers in a Channel Flow[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics.2002,(458):419-441
[37] J.G.Wissink.DNS of Separating Low Reynolds Number Flow in a Turbine Cascade with Incoming Wakes [J]. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow.2003,24(4):626-635
[38] P.Rollet-Miet, D.Laurence, J.Ferziger. LES and RANS of Turbulent Flow in Tube Bundles [J], International Journal of heat and flow.1999,20(3):241-254
[39]周俊杰,徐国权,张华俊编著. FLUENT工程技术与实例分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010:11-12,366-376
[40] FLUENT Inc. Fluent User’s Guide [M]. FLUENT Inc.,2003
[41]陈友明,王宇航,莫志姣.土壤初始温度模型[N].湖南大学学报.2007,34(7):27~29
[42]王瑞金. FLUENT技术基础与应用实例[M].清华大学出版社,2007:46-49
[43]贺平,孙刚著.供热工程(第三版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005::10-148
[44] Tao Yang, Maoyu Zheng. Experimental Research and Simulation by Soil Cold Storage Using Natural Energy. Beijing: the 22th International Conference of Refrigeration[C], 2007, EI-1464
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