基于实测的地埋管地源热泵空调技术的节能与应用分析
|
摘要
地源热泵技术在国内处于飞速发展的阶段,相应的研究也越来越多。湖北省出入境检验检疫局实验楼空调工程是国家建筑节能示范工程,采用加入热回收部分的冷却塔——垂直地埋管混合式地源热泵系统作为空调方案。本文以该工程为例,介绍了地埋管换热器、热回收部分和冷却塔部分的设计方法,对工程实测数据进行了整理和分析,并利用DeST软件模拟计算各种空调方案的能耗情况,采用不同空调方案相比较的方法说明地源热泵系统的节能特性。
对该工程实测所得数据进行整理和分析,可知地源热泵系统采暖季平均能效比为2.66,2010年3月1日至2010年3月15日系统运行稳定期间,系统能效比的平均值为2.83。采用DeST软件进行模拟计算,算得水冷螺杆机组+燃气锅炉空调方案在供热季的系统能效比为1.43,3月1日13:00至3月15日17:00系统能效比为1.36;直燃式溴化锂机组+冷却塔方案在供热季的系统能效比为0.92,3月1日13:00至3月15日17:00系统能效比为0.87。从能效比的比较可见,地源热泵系统节能特性显著。在运行费用计算中,根据样本数据可估算各空调方案的全年能耗,地埋管地源热泵系统的全年能耗是水冷机组+冷却塔+燃气锅炉方案的59.4%,是直燃式溴化锂机组+冷却塔方案的47.5%是风冷热泵方案的41%,由此也可看出地源热泵系统的节能性。
利用DeST软件计算该建筑的冷热负荷,算得全年总冷负荷约为总热负荷的3倍,说明了武汉地区的建筑负荷特点,和造成土壤热平衡问题的主要原因。而从监测系统采集到的土壤温度数据可知,经过空调系统在采暖季向土壤吸取热量后,埋管区土壤温度呈下降趋势,地下四十米以下土壤温度平均下降了1.37℃,体现了地源热泵系统在应用中土壤温度的变化规律。
比较地源热泵空调方案、水冷机组+冷却塔+燃气锅炉方案、直燃式溴化锂机组+冷却塔方案和风冷热泵方案的初投资和运行费用,可知地源热泵系统的初投资较高,但运行费用较低,以水冷机组+冷却塔+燃气锅炉方案为标准,其投资回收年限为4.3年。而在使用效果、环境影响、安全性以及操作和维护等方面地源热泵系统都有一定的优越性。
The technology of ground source heat pump develop rapidly in our country. There are more and more researching in recent years. Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau in Hubei Province lab building air conditioning project is an energy-saving demonstration project of national, its air conditioning program used cooling tower——vertically underground pipe ground source heat pump system with heat recovery part. The project as an example in this article, to introduced the way of design of underground pipe heat exchanger, the part of heat recovery and the cooling tower. Reorganization and analysis the monitor date of the project. Use DeST software to did simulation and computation the energy consumption of various air conditioning conditions. Using the way of comparison with different air conditioning conditions to shows power-saving characteristic of ground source heat pump system.
Collation and analysis the energy consumption of monitor date from March 2010, can be obtains the efficiency ratio of ground source heat pump system was 2.83.It’s higher than other air-conditioning programs, energy saving effect is obvious. Collation and analysis the soil temperature data from December 2009 to March 2010. We can see through the heat extraction system extraction the heat from soil, its temperature decreased. It was indicating the variation rule of soil temperature in the application of ground source heat pump system.
Compared the initial investment and operating costs of the ground source heat pump program, water cooling unit + cooling tower + gas boiler program, direct-fired LiBr + cooling tower program and Air-cooled heat pump program. We can see the initial investment of ground source heat pump is higher but operating costs lower than others.
Compared with water cooling unit + cooling tower + gas boiler program. The payback period is 4.4 years. Comparison of annual energy consumption of air conditioning scheme. The energy consumption of ground source heat pump system is 60.7% of water cooling unit + cooling tower + gas boiler program, 48.5% of direct-fired LiBr + cooling tower program, 41.8% of Air-cooled heat pump program. Obviously that ground source heat pump system can save power.
对该工程实测所得数据进行整理和分析,可知地源热泵系统采暖季平均能效比为2.66,2010年3月1日至2010年3月15日系统运行稳定期间,系统能效比的平均值为2.83。采用DeST软件进行模拟计算,算得水冷螺杆机组+燃气锅炉空调方案在供热季的系统能效比为1.43,3月1日13:00至3月15日17:00系统能效比为1.36;直燃式溴化锂机组+冷却塔方案在供热季的系统能效比为0.92,3月1日13:00至3月15日17:00系统能效比为0.87。从能效比的比较可见,地源热泵系统节能特性显著。在运行费用计算中,根据样本数据可估算各空调方案的全年能耗,地埋管地源热泵系统的全年能耗是水冷机组+冷却塔+燃气锅炉方案的59.4%,是直燃式溴化锂机组+冷却塔方案的47.5%是风冷热泵方案的41%,由此也可看出地源热泵系统的节能性。
利用DeST软件计算该建筑的冷热负荷,算得全年总冷负荷约为总热负荷的3倍,说明了武汉地区的建筑负荷特点,和造成土壤热平衡问题的主要原因。而从监测系统采集到的土壤温度数据可知,经过空调系统在采暖季向土壤吸取热量后,埋管区土壤温度呈下降趋势,地下四十米以下土壤温度平均下降了1.37℃,体现了地源热泵系统在应用中土壤温度的变化规律。
比较地源热泵空调方案、水冷机组+冷却塔+燃气锅炉方案、直燃式溴化锂机组+冷却塔方案和风冷热泵方案的初投资和运行费用,可知地源热泵系统的初投资较高,但运行费用较低,以水冷机组+冷却塔+燃气锅炉方案为标准,其投资回收年限为4.3年。而在使用效果、环境影响、安全性以及操作和维护等方面地源热泵系统都有一定的优越性。
The technology of ground source heat pump develop rapidly in our country. There are more and more researching in recent years. Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau in Hubei Province lab building air conditioning project is an energy-saving demonstration project of national, its air conditioning program used cooling tower——vertically underground pipe ground source heat pump system with heat recovery part. The project as an example in this article, to introduced the way of design of underground pipe heat exchanger, the part of heat recovery and the cooling tower. Reorganization and analysis the monitor date of the project. Use DeST software to did simulation and computation the energy consumption of various air conditioning conditions. Using the way of comparison with different air conditioning conditions to shows power-saving characteristic of ground source heat pump system.
Collation and analysis the energy consumption of monitor date from March 2010, can be obtains the efficiency ratio of ground source heat pump system was 2.83.It’s higher than other air-conditioning programs, energy saving effect is obvious. Collation and analysis the soil temperature data from December 2009 to March 2010. We can see through the heat extraction system extraction the heat from soil, its temperature decreased. It was indicating the variation rule of soil temperature in the application of ground source heat pump system.
Compared the initial investment and operating costs of the ground source heat pump program, water cooling unit + cooling tower + gas boiler program, direct-fired LiBr + cooling tower program and Air-cooled heat pump program. We can see the initial investment of ground source heat pump is higher but operating costs lower than others.
Compared with water cooling unit + cooling tower + gas boiler program. The payback period is 4.4 years. Comparison of annual energy consumption of air conditioning scheme. The energy consumption of ground source heat pump system is 60.7% of water cooling unit + cooling tower + gas boiler program, 48.5% of direct-fired LiBr + cooling tower program, 41.8% of Air-cooled heat pump program. Obviously that ground source heat pump system can save power.
引文
[1]蒋能照,刘道平等.水源、地源、水环热泵空调技术及应用,北京,机械工业出版社,2007.3
[2]马最良,吕悦.地源热泵系统设计与应用.机械工业出版社,2006.10
[3]赵军,戴传山.地源热泵技术与建筑节能应用.中国建筑工业出版社
[4]王彬,冷却塔——土壤源混合式热泵的应用研究.华中科技大学硕士论文,2007
[5]苏登超,刁乃仁等.热泵与建筑节能.能源技术, 2003.24(1):28-30
[6]刁乃仁,方肇洪.地埋管地源热泵技术.高等教育出版社
[7]赵军等.地源热泵系统.太阳能, 2001.1
[8] Gilbreath, C.S. Hybrid ground-source heat pump systems for commerical applications. Master’s thesis, University of Alabama,Tuscaloosa.
[9] Gary Phetteplace, William Sullivan. Performance of a Hybrid Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System. ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, 104(1):763-770
[10]王建敏等.地源热泵的地热能利用方式与工程运用.制冷, 2002.6:30-32
[11]候晓侠,代汝平.土壤源热泵在武汉地区的设计应用.制冷空调与电力机械, 2004(4):23-26
[12]范萍萍等.土壤源热泵间歇运行冬季工况的实验研究,2004
[13]刘宪英等.浅埋竖直换热器地源热泵夏季供冷试验研究,暖通空调, 2000.30(4):1-4
[14]张银安.土壤源(垂直埋管)热泵空调系统设计,2005
[15]程国强.地源热泵换热器的分析与设计.浙江大学硕士论文, 2005:1-2
[16]张旭.土壤源热泵的实验及相关基础理论研究.现代空调(第三辑),北京,中国建筑工业出版社, 2001:75-86
[17]曾和义等.双U型埋管地热换热器的传热模型.山东建筑工程学院院报, 2003.18(1):11-17
[18]张昆峰,马芳梅,金六一.土壤源热泵与热泵联结运行冬季工况的实验研究.华中理工大学学报, 1996, 24(1):23-26
[19]姚远,符永正.采用热回收方式解决土壤热平衡问题的工程实例及分析.暖通年会论文集,2009
[20]袁旭东,王彬,吴伯谦.混合式土壤源热泵应用分析.制冷与空调, 2006(1):40-43
[21] Kavanaugh, S.P. and K. Rafferty. Ground-source heat pumps: Design of geothermal systems for commercial and institutional buildings. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, 1997
[22] Kavanaugh, S.P. A design method for hybrid ground-source heat pumps. ASHRAE Transactions , 1998, 104(2):691-698
[23] Yavuzturk, C, J.D. Spiltler. Comparative Study to Investigate Operating and Control strategies for Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Using a Short Time-step Simulation Model. ASHRAE Transactions, 2000, 106(2):192-209.
[24] M.H.Khan, A.Varanasi, J.D.Spitler, D.E.Fisher, R.D.Delahoussaye. Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System Simulation Using Visual Modeling Tool for HVACSIM+. Eighth International ISPSA Conference, 2003
[25]徐伟,郎四维等(译),地源热泵工程技术指南.北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[26]地源热泵技术规程, 2005
[27]地源热泵施工技术规范,2003
[28]张银安,李斌等.垂直U型地埋管换热系数的测试与分析.暖通空调,2007.7
[29]江亿,建筑环境系统模拟分析方法—DeST,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[30]江亿,燕达等.建筑模拟技术与DeST发展简介.暖通空调, 2004(7):48-56
[31]谢晓娜,宋芳婷,燕达,江亿.建筑动态热过程模型.暖通空调, 2004(8):35-47
[32]李新国等.垂直螺旋盘地源热泵供暖制冷实验研究.太阳能学报, 2002.12(6):684-686
[33] Andrew D.Chiasson, Cenk Yavuzturk. Assessment of the Viability of Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump Systems with Solar Thermal Collectors. ASHRAE Transanctions 2003,109(2):487-499
[34]唐彪峰.混合式地源热泵技术的推广与应用.工程建设与设计, 2004(4):42-43
[35]候晓侠,代汝平.土壤源热泵在武汉地区的设计应用.制冷空调与电力机械, 2004(4):23-26
[36]曲云霞.地源热泵系统模型与仿真.西安建筑科技大学博士论文, 2004, 24-26
[37]任晓红. U型垂直地下埋管换热器地源热泵全年实验研究与传热模型,重庆大学硕士论文, 2004
[38] J.Claesson and P.Eskilson. Conductive heat extraction to a deep borehole: thermal analysis and dimensioning rules. Oxford Energy, 1998, vol13, 149-165
[39] Crawley,D.B. et al EnergyPlus: Creating a New-Generation Building Energy Simulation Program. Energy & Buildings, 2001, Vol. 33, Issue 4:443-457
[40] P Eskilson. Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes. University of Lund, Sweden, 1987.
[41] Yavuzturk, C,J.D.Spilter. A Short Time Step Response Factor Model for Vertical Ground Loop Heat Exchangers. ASHRAE Transactions, 1999, 105(2):475-485.
[42] EnergyPlus Manual, 2005. Version 1.2.3
[43]李永安,常静等.封闭式冷却塔供冷系统气象条件分析.暖通空调, 2005(6):107-108
[44]地源热泵机组样本
[45]冷却塔样本
[46]溴化锂机组样本
[47]陆耀庆,实用供热空调设计手册(第二版),中国建筑工业出版社
[48] Pedersen, C.O, D.E. Fisher, R.J.Liesen, R.K. Strand. ASHRAE Toolkit for Building Load Calculations. ASHRAE Transactions, 2003, 109(1):583-589
[49] Park,Cheol,An optimal start/stop algorithm for heating and cooling systems in buildings. National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, May 1983
[50] Korea Institute of Construction Technology, A study on the HVAC system and lighting control conditions for building automation,December 1987:53
[51] Jun Tanimoto,Aya Hagishima,State transition probability for the Markov Model dealing with on-off cooling schedule in dwellings,Energy and Buildings 37 (2005) ,pp98-101
[52]王景刚,孙建平.地源热泵运行特性的影响因素研究
[53]孙恒虎,崔建强,毛信理.地源热泵的节能机理.太阳能学报,2004.2:24-27
[54]朱岩,杨历,李中领.土壤源热泵的节能与技术经济性分析.煤气与热力,2005.3:73-76
[55]朱岩,杨历,李中领.土壤源热泵冬夏季应用的可行性分析.洁净与空调技术,2004.4:32-35
[2]马最良,吕悦.地源热泵系统设计与应用.机械工业出版社,2006.10
[3]赵军,戴传山.地源热泵技术与建筑节能应用.中国建筑工业出版社
[4]王彬,冷却塔——土壤源混合式热泵的应用研究.华中科技大学硕士论文,2007
[5]苏登超,刁乃仁等.热泵与建筑节能.能源技术, 2003.24(1):28-30
[6]刁乃仁,方肇洪.地埋管地源热泵技术.高等教育出版社
[7]赵军等.地源热泵系统.太阳能, 2001.1
[8] Gilbreath, C.S. Hybrid ground-source heat pump systems for commerical applications. Master’s thesis, University of Alabama,Tuscaloosa.
[9] Gary Phetteplace, William Sullivan. Performance of a Hybrid Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System. ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, 104(1):763-770
[10]王建敏等.地源热泵的地热能利用方式与工程运用.制冷, 2002.6:30-32
[11]候晓侠,代汝平.土壤源热泵在武汉地区的设计应用.制冷空调与电力机械, 2004(4):23-26
[12]范萍萍等.土壤源热泵间歇运行冬季工况的实验研究,2004
[13]刘宪英等.浅埋竖直换热器地源热泵夏季供冷试验研究,暖通空调, 2000.30(4):1-4
[14]张银安.土壤源(垂直埋管)热泵空调系统设计,2005
[15]程国强.地源热泵换热器的分析与设计.浙江大学硕士论文, 2005:1-2
[16]张旭.土壤源热泵的实验及相关基础理论研究.现代空调(第三辑),北京,中国建筑工业出版社, 2001:75-86
[17]曾和义等.双U型埋管地热换热器的传热模型.山东建筑工程学院院报, 2003.18(1):11-17
[18]张昆峰,马芳梅,金六一.土壤源热泵与热泵联结运行冬季工况的实验研究.华中理工大学学报, 1996, 24(1):23-26
[19]姚远,符永正.采用热回收方式解决土壤热平衡问题的工程实例及分析.暖通年会论文集,2009
[20]袁旭东,王彬,吴伯谦.混合式土壤源热泵应用分析.制冷与空调, 2006(1):40-43
[21] Kavanaugh, S.P. and K. Rafferty. Ground-source heat pumps: Design of geothermal systems for commercial and institutional buildings. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, 1997
[22] Kavanaugh, S.P. A design method for hybrid ground-source heat pumps. ASHRAE Transactions , 1998, 104(2):691-698
[23] Yavuzturk, C, J.D. Spiltler. Comparative Study to Investigate Operating and Control strategies for Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Using a Short Time-step Simulation Model. ASHRAE Transactions, 2000, 106(2):192-209.
[24] M.H.Khan, A.Varanasi, J.D.Spitler, D.E.Fisher, R.D.Delahoussaye. Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System Simulation Using Visual Modeling Tool for HVACSIM+. Eighth International ISPSA Conference, 2003
[25]徐伟,郎四维等(译),地源热泵工程技术指南.北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[26]地源热泵技术规程, 2005
[27]地源热泵施工技术规范,2003
[28]张银安,李斌等.垂直U型地埋管换热系数的测试与分析.暖通空调,2007.7
[29]江亿,建筑环境系统模拟分析方法—DeST,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[30]江亿,燕达等.建筑模拟技术与DeST发展简介.暖通空调, 2004(7):48-56
[31]谢晓娜,宋芳婷,燕达,江亿.建筑动态热过程模型.暖通空调, 2004(8):35-47
[32]李新国等.垂直螺旋盘地源热泵供暖制冷实验研究.太阳能学报, 2002.12(6):684-686
[33] Andrew D.Chiasson, Cenk Yavuzturk. Assessment of the Viability of Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump Systems with Solar Thermal Collectors. ASHRAE Transanctions 2003,109(2):487-499
[34]唐彪峰.混合式地源热泵技术的推广与应用.工程建设与设计, 2004(4):42-43
[35]候晓侠,代汝平.土壤源热泵在武汉地区的设计应用.制冷空调与电力机械, 2004(4):23-26
[36]曲云霞.地源热泵系统模型与仿真.西安建筑科技大学博士论文, 2004, 24-26
[37]任晓红. U型垂直地下埋管换热器地源热泵全年实验研究与传热模型,重庆大学硕士论文, 2004
[38] J.Claesson and P.Eskilson. Conductive heat extraction to a deep borehole: thermal analysis and dimensioning rules. Oxford Energy, 1998, vol13, 149-165
[39] Crawley,D.B. et al EnergyPlus: Creating a New-Generation Building Energy Simulation Program. Energy & Buildings, 2001, Vol. 33, Issue 4:443-457
[40] P Eskilson. Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes. University of Lund, Sweden, 1987.
[41] Yavuzturk, C,J.D.Spilter. A Short Time Step Response Factor Model for Vertical Ground Loop Heat Exchangers. ASHRAE Transactions, 1999, 105(2):475-485.
[42] EnergyPlus Manual, 2005. Version 1.2.3
[43]李永安,常静等.封闭式冷却塔供冷系统气象条件分析.暖通空调, 2005(6):107-108
[44]地源热泵机组样本
[45]冷却塔样本
[46]溴化锂机组样本
[47]陆耀庆,实用供热空调设计手册(第二版),中国建筑工业出版社
[48] Pedersen, C.O, D.E. Fisher, R.J.Liesen, R.K. Strand. ASHRAE Toolkit for Building Load Calculations. ASHRAE Transactions, 2003, 109(1):583-589
[49] Park,Cheol,An optimal start/stop algorithm for heating and cooling systems in buildings. National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, May 1983
[50] Korea Institute of Construction Technology, A study on the HVAC system and lighting control conditions for building automation,December 1987:53
[51] Jun Tanimoto,Aya Hagishima,State transition probability for the Markov Model dealing with on-off cooling schedule in dwellings,Energy and Buildings 37 (2005) ,pp98-101
[52]王景刚,孙建平.地源热泵运行特性的影响因素研究
[53]孙恒虎,崔建强,毛信理.地源热泵的节能机理.太阳能学报,2004.2:24-27
[54]朱岩,杨历,李中领.土壤源热泵的节能与技术经济性分析.煤气与热力,2005.3:73-76
[55]朱岩,杨历,李中领.土壤源热泵冬夏季应用的可行性分析.洁净与空调技术,2004.4:32-35