河套灌区区域微咸水灌溉模式的研究
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摘要
加大微咸水的开发利用,将大大缓解我国淡水资源缺乏的现状。微咸水的开发利用已成为目前研究的热点和前沿课题,特别是如何合理利用微咸水,对综合提高水土资源利用效率,保证水土资源的可持续安全利用有重要意义。本论文以内蒙古河套灌区的红卫试验场为研究对象,探讨了河套灌区的微咸水灌溉模式。
论文以地质统计学理论为研究手段,以模拟水、溶质和热在土壤—大气—作物环境中运移过程的SWAP模型为基础,通过田间试验研究了微咸水灌溉条件下土壤水盐运移规律及微咸水灌溉对作物生长,生理的影响,并且以地质统计学为理论基础,运用GS+工具对区域土壤水盐进行三维普通克里格分析,以土壤水盐信息的空间变异性将研究区域划分为3个小区。
在土壤水盐空间结构性分区的基础上,构建了考虑区域变异的一维垂直非饱和土壤水盐运移模型系统。模型系统的构建有效地解决了应用一维垂直非饱和土壤水盐运移模型模拟区域土壤的水盐动态问题,使复杂的区域土壤水盐求解问题转化为多个一维问题的联立求解,从而使实际问题的解决大为简化。
基于区域SWAP模型系统的微咸水灌溉模式的数值模拟研究发现,“淡咸咸”灌溉模式对区域土壤环境的影响在所有方案中最小。
这种微咸水灌溉模式对于指导当地灌溉,加大微咸水的利用有一定参考价值,可以为河套灌区农业可持续发展提供理论支撑。
Intensifying the development and utilization of slight saline water, especially how to make rational use of brackish water, will greatly alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources of China's situation. It improves the integrated use efficiency of water and soil resources , and ensures the safety of water and land resources for sustainable use.Taking Hongwei irrigation test station of Hetao irrigation district as target, the paper probes into Saline Water Irrigation Modes in Hetao Irrigation Area.
Applying Geo-statistics theory as research tool, based on the SWAP model to simulate water, solute and heat in the soil - atmosphere - crop environment migration process. Through the field experiment, this paper carries on studying soil water and salt migration laws and impact on crop growth and physiology. And in the same time,according to the basic principles of Geo-statistics, analysis of three-dimensional Ordinary Kriging using GS + software, the study area is divided into three parts to obtain the conclusion of the spatial variability of partition by regional soil water and salt information.
Based on the structural partition of soil water and salt, we introduce SWAP model. SWAP was calibrated using observed data. Then we construct one-dimensional vertical unsaturated water and salt transport model system, considering the regional variability discretization by the Simultaneous solution of each regional SWAP model.
In conclusion of numerical simulation of brackish water irrigation modes ,based on SWAP model system, we found irrigation scheme of Fresh water-salt water-salt water that is the smallest for regional environmental impact of soil in all the options.
This brackish water irrigation mode could guide local irrigation, and have a certain reference to improve the usage of this kind of water, it also can provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of agriculture in Hetao Irrigation District.
论文以地质统计学理论为研究手段,以模拟水、溶质和热在土壤—大气—作物环境中运移过程的SWAP模型为基础,通过田间试验研究了微咸水灌溉条件下土壤水盐运移规律及微咸水灌溉对作物生长,生理的影响,并且以地质统计学为理论基础,运用GS+工具对区域土壤水盐进行三维普通克里格分析,以土壤水盐信息的空间变异性将研究区域划分为3个小区。
在土壤水盐空间结构性分区的基础上,构建了考虑区域变异的一维垂直非饱和土壤水盐运移模型系统。模型系统的构建有效地解决了应用一维垂直非饱和土壤水盐运移模型模拟区域土壤的水盐动态问题,使复杂的区域土壤水盐求解问题转化为多个一维问题的联立求解,从而使实际问题的解决大为简化。
基于区域SWAP模型系统的微咸水灌溉模式的数值模拟研究发现,“淡咸咸”灌溉模式对区域土壤环境的影响在所有方案中最小。
这种微咸水灌溉模式对于指导当地灌溉,加大微咸水的利用有一定参考价值,可以为河套灌区农业可持续发展提供理论支撑。
Intensifying the development and utilization of slight saline water, especially how to make rational use of brackish water, will greatly alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources of China's situation. It improves the integrated use efficiency of water and soil resources , and ensures the safety of water and land resources for sustainable use.Taking Hongwei irrigation test station of Hetao irrigation district as target, the paper probes into Saline Water Irrigation Modes in Hetao Irrigation Area.
Applying Geo-statistics theory as research tool, based on the SWAP model to simulate water, solute and heat in the soil - atmosphere - crop environment migration process. Through the field experiment, this paper carries on studying soil water and salt migration laws and impact on crop growth and physiology. And in the same time,according to the basic principles of Geo-statistics, analysis of three-dimensional Ordinary Kriging using GS + software, the study area is divided into three parts to obtain the conclusion of the spatial variability of partition by regional soil water and salt information.
Based on the structural partition of soil water and salt, we introduce SWAP model. SWAP was calibrated using observed data. Then we construct one-dimensional vertical unsaturated water and salt transport model system, considering the regional variability discretization by the Simultaneous solution of each regional SWAP model.
In conclusion of numerical simulation of brackish water irrigation modes ,based on SWAP model system, we found irrigation scheme of Fresh water-salt water-salt water that is the smallest for regional environmental impact of soil in all the options.
This brackish water irrigation mode could guide local irrigation, and have a certain reference to improve the usage of this kind of water, it also can provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of agriculture in Hetao Irrigation District.
引文
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3王艳娜;侯振安.咸水资源农业灌溉应用研究进展与展望[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(2):393-396
4 Bharat R,Sharma.Strategies for managing saline/alkali waters for sustainable agricultural production in South Asia Agricultural Water Management, 2005,(1-2):136-151
5 Minhas P S. Saline water management for irrigation in India[J]. Agricultural Water Management,1996,30(1):1-24
6杨树青.基于Visual-MODFLOW和SWAP耦合模型干旱区微咸水灌溉的水—土环境效应预测研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,2005
7 Oster J D. Irrigation w ith poo r quality water [ J ]. A gricultural W aterM anagement, 1994,25(3):71-297
8 Sharma D P, Rao K V G K. Strategy for long term use of saline drainage water for irrigation in semi-arid regions[J]. Soil &Tillage Research, 1998,48(4):287-295.
9贺新春,邵东国.农田排水资源化利用的研究进展与展望.农业工程学报,22(3),176-179
10 J. M. Beltran. Iirrigation with saline water: benefits and rnviromental impa[J]. Agricultural water management, 1999, (40): 183-194
11 M alash N , F lowers T J. Effect of irrigation system s and water management p ractices using saline and non2saline water on tomato p roduction [J ]. A gric W ater M anage, 2005, 78: 25-38
12张利.咸水利用若干问题的探讨[J].自然资源学报,1994, 9(4): 375-378
13水利部农村水利司.灌溉工程手册[M].北京,水利电力出版社,1994
14李维江等.以色列盐水灌溉及研究状况[J].作物杂志,1998, (3): 14-15
15蔺海明.旱地农业区对咸水灌溉的研究和应用[J].世界农业,1996, (2): 45-47
16李法虎, M. Benhur.劣质水灌溉对土壤盐碱化及作物产量的影响农业工程学报,2003,19(1):63-65
17陈德明,俞仁培.作物相对耐盐性的研究──Ⅱ.不同栽培作物的耐盐性差异[J]土壤学报,1996,33(2),121-127
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