不同土壤氮素矿化特征及其对烤烟化学品质的影响
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摘要
本研究通过土肥试验,对云南省植烟土壤的氮素矿化特性和供氮能力方面进行了研究,并探讨了烤烟干物质累积特征、肥料氮和土壤氮在烤烟体内的累积分配及其对烟叶品质的影响,以期为制定新的优质烟生产管理措施提供思路和理论基础。研究结果表明:
(1)云南植烟土壤中细质土比粗质土能固定更多C、N。砂土的氮矿化高于壤土和粘土。烤烟移栽后第三周土壤N矿化量与砂粒、粘粒显著极相关,随着烤烟的生长发育,土壤中的N矿化量与粉粒中的细粉粒(0.01～0.005)极显著相关,与粗粉粒(0.05～0.01)相关显著。到烤烟收获期,土壤N矿化量急剧释放,土壤中的N矿化量与土壤中粘粒组成极显著相关。
(2)云南植烟土壤中无机氮(NO_3~--N+NH_4~+-N)在烟株移栽35-56d时达到最大值,而后因烟株吸收利用而迅速下降;土壤无机氮中以NO_3~--N为主,而NH_4~+-N含量相对较低。在烤烟生长过程中,土壤N矿化速率整体变化趋势表现为:烤烟移栽后第三周(烤烟还苗期)土壤N矿化速率较慢,而在烤烟移栽后第5周和7周,土壤N矿化速率猛增,到17周时土壤N矿化速率仍保持一定能力。
(3)在参试的8个土壤质地类型中,综合烤烟农艺性状表现,比较适合云南烤烟生长特性的土壤是楚雄粘壤土,其次是粘土。
(4)烟株整个生育期中吸收的氮素主要来自于土壤氮,而且烟株吸收的土壤氮及其占总吸氮量的比例随生育期延长和烟叶着生部位的升高显著增加。选择有机质含量适宜的土壤,控制烟株生育后期土壤供氮量,对降低上部烟叶总氮和烟碱含量,提高我国烟叶整体质量至关重要。
This research be by the experiment soil on at yunnan, to investigate the soil nitrogen mineralization characteristic and supply capacity of flue-cured tobacco, And to explore the flue-cured tobacco's dry matter accumulation characteristics, cumulative distribution of fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen in flue-cured tobacco and its impact on the quality of tobacco leaves, with a view to develop new high-quality tobacco production and management measures and theory basic. The research be indicated:
(1) Fine soil can be fixed more C, N than coarse soil. Soil nitrogen mineralized be higher than loam and clay. After the third week of flue-cured tobacco transplante that the capacity of soil N mineralization be more correlate with sand, clay, along With the growth of flue-cured tobacco, soil N mineralization be high correlated with both the thin powder (0.01～0.005)and coarse powder(0.05～0.01) from fine powder. To flue-cured tobacco harvest, soil N mineralization rapid release , the soil N mineralization be highcorrelate with the soil clay soil composed
(2)soil abio-nitrogen(NO3--N+NH4+-N) can be reached the max. when the tobacco be transplanted 35-56d, then descend speedy be caused by tobacco's absorb/using; soil Inorganic nitrogen be take NO3--N main ,but NH4+-N content is low correspondingly. In the process of flue-cured tobacco growth, the whole change trend of soil N mineralization rate as follows: after three weeks from the flue-cured tobacco transplanted, the rate of soil N mineralization be slowly; but after five and seven weeks, the rate of soil N mineralization increased speedy, and to 17 weeks that the soil N mineralization rate be reached peak period
(3) In the eight types of soil texture, colligate the performance of the flue-cured tobacco agriculture traits, the better suitable for flue-cured tobacco growth characteristics be clay loam, followed be clay and, and that the worst one be coarse sand. .
(4) Most nitrogen which be during the whole tobacco growth be derived from soil nitrogen, and soil nitrogen content and the ratio of total nitrogen absorb be evidently increased with growth period extending and stalk position ascending. The study suggest that it is important to choose soil which appropriate organic matter existing , control the appropriate nitrogen supply amount for the tobacco, in order to reduce nitrogen and nicotine concentration of upper leaves and advance the overall quality of China's flue-cured tobacco.
(1)云南植烟土壤中细质土比粗质土能固定更多C、N。砂土的氮矿化高于壤土和粘土。烤烟移栽后第三周土壤N矿化量与砂粒、粘粒显著极相关,随着烤烟的生长发育,土壤中的N矿化量与粉粒中的细粉粒(0.01～0.005)极显著相关,与粗粉粒(0.05～0.01)相关显著。到烤烟收获期,土壤N矿化量急剧释放,土壤中的N矿化量与土壤中粘粒组成极显著相关。
(2)云南植烟土壤中无机氮(NO_3~--N+NH_4~+-N)在烟株移栽35-56d时达到最大值,而后因烟株吸收利用而迅速下降;土壤无机氮中以NO_3~--N为主,而NH_4~+-N含量相对较低。在烤烟生长过程中,土壤N矿化速率整体变化趋势表现为:烤烟移栽后第三周(烤烟还苗期)土壤N矿化速率较慢,而在烤烟移栽后第5周和7周,土壤N矿化速率猛增,到17周时土壤N矿化速率仍保持一定能力。
(3)在参试的8个土壤质地类型中,综合烤烟农艺性状表现,比较适合云南烤烟生长特性的土壤是楚雄粘壤土,其次是粘土。
(4)烟株整个生育期中吸收的氮素主要来自于土壤氮,而且烟株吸收的土壤氮及其占总吸氮量的比例随生育期延长和烟叶着生部位的升高显著增加。选择有机质含量适宜的土壤,控制烟株生育后期土壤供氮量,对降低上部烟叶总氮和烟碱含量,提高我国烟叶整体质量至关重要。
This research be by the experiment soil on at yunnan, to investigate the soil nitrogen mineralization characteristic and supply capacity of flue-cured tobacco, And to explore the flue-cured tobacco's dry matter accumulation characteristics, cumulative distribution of fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen in flue-cured tobacco and its impact on the quality of tobacco leaves, with a view to develop new high-quality tobacco production and management measures and theory basic. The research be indicated:
(1) Fine soil can be fixed more C, N than coarse soil. Soil nitrogen mineralized be higher than loam and clay. After the third week of flue-cured tobacco transplante that the capacity of soil N mineralization be more correlate with sand, clay, along With the growth of flue-cured tobacco, soil N mineralization be high correlated with both the thin powder (0.01～0.005)and coarse powder(0.05～0.01) from fine powder. To flue-cured tobacco harvest, soil N mineralization rapid release , the soil N mineralization be highcorrelate with the soil clay soil composed
(2)soil abio-nitrogen(NO3--N+NH4+-N) can be reached the max. when the tobacco be transplanted 35-56d, then descend speedy be caused by tobacco's absorb/using; soil Inorganic nitrogen be take NO3--N main ,but NH4+-N content is low correspondingly. In the process of flue-cured tobacco growth, the whole change trend of soil N mineralization rate as follows: after three weeks from the flue-cured tobacco transplanted, the rate of soil N mineralization be slowly; but after five and seven weeks, the rate of soil N mineralization increased speedy, and to 17 weeks that the soil N mineralization rate be reached peak period
(3) In the eight types of soil texture, colligate the performance of the flue-cured tobacco agriculture traits, the better suitable for flue-cured tobacco growth characteristics be clay loam, followed be clay and, and that the worst one be coarse sand. .
(4) Most nitrogen which be during the whole tobacco growth be derived from soil nitrogen, and soil nitrogen content and the ratio of total nitrogen absorb be evidently increased with growth period extending and stalk position ascending. The study suggest that it is important to choose soil which appropriate organic matter existing , control the appropriate nitrogen supply amount for the tobacco, in order to reduce nitrogen and nicotine concentration of upper leaves and advance the overall quality of China's flue-cured tobacco.
引文
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